e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN KOINFEKSI TB-HIV DI RUMAH SAKIT MITRA MASYARAKAT MIMIKA PAPUA
No full textABSTRAK Penyakit Tuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular di Indonesia, dan saat ini berada pada urutan kelima Negara dengan beban TB tertinggi di dunia. Koinfeksi HIV-TB sekarang merupakan penyebab mortalitas utama di dunia. Mengetahui karakteristik pasien koinfeksi tuberkulosis pada pasien HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Mitra Masyarakat Timika Papua. Penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang, menggunakan rekam medik sebagai sumber data penelitian. Sampel terdiri dari 67 kasus pasien HIV/AIDS periode Januari – April 2015. Kelompok pasien koinfeksi HIV-TB lebih banyak terdapat pada usia 15-35 tahun (87.4%), perempuan (78.8%), pasien yang bersekolah pada tingkat menengah dan atas (80.4%), tidak bekerja (83.4%), pasien yang belum menikah (87.5%), CD4 <350 sel/mm³ sebanyak 89.2% dan pasien yang memiliki kadar Hb <12 g/dL sebanyak 78.9%. Koinfeksi TB-HIV banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia muda dan produktif. ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) has been an infectious disease in Indonesia, and currently Indonesia is the fifth country with the highest TB burden in the world. HIV-TB co-infection is currently the main cause of mortality in the world. To determine the characteristic of HIV/AIDS with tuberculosis co-infection in Mitra Masyarakat Hospital Mimika, Papua. The study was observasional cross-sectional design, using medical records data. The sample consisted of 67 cases of patient with HIV/AIDS admitted from January to April 2015. The highest prevalence of HIV-TB co-infection was:of group of age 15-35 years (87.5%); female (78.8%); attend school at the secondary level and above (80.4%); unemployed (83.4%); unmarried (87.5%); CD4<350 cells/mm³ ( 89.2%) and patients with Hb <12 g/dL (78.9%). HIV-TB coinfection is common in young and productive age grou
KADAR IODIUM DALAM GARAM PADA DAERAH DENGAN KASUS HIPOTIROID DAN HIPERTIROID TINGGI
No full textBackground. Iodized salt is universal effort to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Iodine consentration in iodized salt needs to be evaluated due to many cases of hypothyroid and hyperthyroidism. Objective. The purpose of this study was to describe whether iodized salt consumed by peoples contributes to hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism cases. Method. This was a descriptive study in area with the highest cases of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism based on data from Klinik Litbang GAKI Magelang 2005-2012. Samples were taken using purposive sampling with a sample size of 90 households per area. Area with the highest case of hyperthyroidism is Mertoyudan Sub District while area with the highest case of hypothyroidism is Salaman Sub Districts, both in Magelang District. Iodine content in salt was by taking sample of salt from households which used for daily consumption. Statistic analysed used were independent sample t test and Chi Square. Result. The results showed that salt consumed in both areas already contains iodine. Salt iodine content level in area with the highest hyperthyroidism (55.1±23.84 ppm) was higher than in the area with the highest hypothyroidism (49.79±39.28 ppm). According to the category of iodine content in salt, iodine content below standards (<30 ppm) is higher in area with the highest hypohyroidism (25.6 percent). Iodine content above standars (>80 ppm) is higher in area with the highest hyperthyroidism (13.2 percent). However iodine content in both areas showed no significant difference (p=0.27). Conclusion. Iodized salt consumption does not contribute to the high case of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Salt consumed in area with the highest cases of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism already contains iodine as standard. It is possible that there are other factors that cause high incidence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in those areas that needs further research.Keywords: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, iodine, sal
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ANEMIA GIZI BESI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR ANAK SEKOLAH DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI
No full textIncidence of nutritional anemia iron is influenced by multiple factors not just a lackof iron intake, but also influenced by the intake of other nutrients. The prevalenceof anemia is iron nutrition of school children in Indonesia at 26.5% 2. Risk factorsfor anemia influenced food consumption patterns particularly iron. Iron causesnutritional anemia oxygen transport is reduced, and the resulting energy productionto be low so that children become easily tired, tired, weak, lethargic, negligent,quickly tired, lack of concentration. Furthermore, can lead to decreased learningachievement, labor productivity, including exercise and decreased endurance.Conducted this research with the aim of studying whether there is a relationshipbetween iron nutritional anemia of the learning achievement of school children inendemic areas GAKI. The results of this study on iron nutritional anemias get theproportion of primary school children about 25%. Consumption of low-iron about30% below the figure adequacy of nutrition. There was no significant relationshipwith the hemoglobin status of Indonesian Language test (p-value = 0.10) andhemoglobin status of the subjects Mathematics test results (p-value = 0.76).Suggestions need to do further analysis on the status of UIE levels of anemiaand the effect on learning achievement (grades in mathematics and Indonesianlanguage) in school children in endemic areas GAKI, for the management of localnutrition programs to improve child nutrition program improvement school byovercoming anemia and GAKI
HUBUNGAN KADAR IODIUM SERUM DENGAN FUNGSI TIROID DAN STATUS IODIUM PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR DENGAN RISIKO HIPOTIROID
No full textBackground. Iodine micronutrients are required by the body to generate thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone deficiency can cause hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone is produced by the thyroid gland, which the function of the thyroid can be perceived in the levels of TSH and free T4, while iodine status can be appreciated from the iodine content of serum, iodine content of urine and thyroglobulin levels. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between iodine serum level with thyroid function and iodine status on women of childbearing age with the risk of hypothyroid Method. This was cross sectional study in Purworejo district with a sample of women of childbearing aged 15-45 years with high levels of TSH> 2.5 μIU /mL. The sample size of this study were 88 people. Indicators quantified were the levels of TSH, free T4, iodine serum thyroglobulin levels and urinary iodine concentration (UIE). FreeT4 and TSH and thyroglobulin were measured by ELISA, while iodine serum and UIE were gauged by spectrophotometer method. Results. This study shows the average level of TSH 3.83 μIU / mL±1.5 FreeT4 levels of 1.33 ng / dL 0.25; thyroglobulin levels of 1.20 ng /mL ±0.41; serum iodine content 75.25 μg /L± 41.71 as well as the iodine substance of urine 96.14 μg / L± 65.04. UIE level of was less than 100 μg/L at 64.8%. There was a significant correlation between serum thyroglobulin with the iodine content with a correlation coefficient of 0.352 and p <0.05. Conclusion. For women of childbearing age with the risk of hypothyroidism had a urinary iodine concentration (UIE) less than the normal of 64.8% (problematic IDD) and there was a positive significant correlation between serum levels of iodine with thyroglobulin
Hubungan Kandungan Hara Tanah dengan Produksi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder pada Tanaman Duku (Lansium domesticum Corr var Duku) dan Potensinya sebagai Larvasida
No full textDuku is a plant that grows in the tropics and has bioactivity as pesticide. Compounds that have the potential as a pesticide on duku is secondary metabolites. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the soil nutrient and secondary metabolites on duku also their larvacidal potency. The research was done by comparing the measurement of physical and chemical soil, phytochemical test and larvacial test against the sample. This study was conducted from February to November 2014, in the Village Simpang Agung South Sumatra province and village Rengas Bandung Jambi Province. The extraction and characterization of secondary metabolites was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmacy Center, Biomedical and Health Basic Technology, National Institute of Health and Research Development. Larvicidal potency test was conducted in Vector Borne Disease Research and Development Unit Baturaja. The results showed that soil nutrient content of Rengas Bandung Villagewas higher than the Simpang Agung due to the regularly maintaining and fertilizing.The larvicidal test showed extracts from Simpang Agung Village more potent than extracts from the village Rengas Bandung, possibly due to the more secondary metabolites produced in samples from Simpang Agung
Studi Prevalensi Filariasis di Desa Polewali, kecamatan Bambalamotu, Kabupaten Mamuju Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
No full textA study of filariasis prevalence in Polewale village sub-district Bambalamotu of North Mamuju district, West Sulawesi has been conducted. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of microfilaria in commtmity in Polewali village in both of case with clinical symptoms, and no clinical symptoms.The method that used in this research is field survey with descriptive approach. Blood sample was collected from 80 sampling, and then was examined using microscopic with Giemsa staining method. The result showed that 7 human blood people (8,75%) were positivtl infected with Brugia malayi microfilariae. All of these case, were found in Kalibamba sub-village, Polewali. According to that reason, Polewali village has become a filariasis endemic village with Mf rate ≥ 1%. As the conclusion, need to do research continued with more number of samples at all locations in North Mamuju, West Sulawesi
Prevalensi Kecacingan Usus Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Di Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah
No full textIntestinal worm disease is still a public health problem in Indonesia. This disease can be found in children under five years old and age school children. This study was aimed to identify factors that associated with worm intestinal disease prevalence in elementary school children in Watusampu and Lolu Utara village, Palu Municipality. This is an analytic descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. 288 stool samples were collected and examined by using direct method. 90 samples (31,3%) were found positive for helminths' eggs. Ascaris lumbricoides. Hookworm, Trichuris trichura, Enterobius vermicularis and Trichostrongylus orientalis were found in the stool samples with Ascaris lumbricoides had the highest proportion (83 ,3 4%) . The p-value provides no evidence that sex and age were related with soil transmitted disease
Survei Filariasis di Kabupaten Mamuju, Provinsi Sulawesi Barat
No full textFilariasis is a chronic infection disease that caused by filaria worm and transmitted by mosquito. This had been conducted for nine months in 2011 . The aim of this study is to identify miciofilaria positif cases. This was an observational study by using cross-sectional design. Responden was chosen from people in selected endemic areas in Mamuju regency. The respondents blood sample were collected at 20.00 p.m. local time through a night blood survey. The results showed, that none of blood sample was found positive with microfilaria. Therefore, as a recommendation the areas for night-blood survey need to be extended in order to.find more filariasis case. Morever, routine surveys are needed to find positive cases. In addition, in order to measure the success of mass drug administration, MDA evaluation is essential
CATATAN BARU RESERVOIR HANTAVIRUS DARI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH, INDONESIA
No full textFour species of rats have been reported as new Hantavirus reservoirs in Indonesia. They were Rattus tiomanicus, Rattusargentiventer, Bandicota indica, and Maxomys surifer. So far, there is no report of R.tiomanicus as a Hantavirus reservoir in the worldwide, however, the other rats have been recognized in some countries in Asia such as B. indica in Thailand, R.argentiventer in Vietnam, and M. surifer in Cambodia. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of rats that have potential as Hantavirus reservoirs in various ecosystem types in Central Java Province. The observational descriptive approach in a crossectional design was used in this study. The present study was located in some regencies of Central Java Province namely Pati, Purworejo, and Pekalongan with various ecosystems e.g. close and far areas with settlements divided into the forest, non-forest and coastal ecosystems. The caught rats were identified morphologically and followed by serological examination using ELISA. A total of 234 rats was successfully caught consisting of 4 genera with 10 species. The result of ELISA for Hantavirus showed that 32 of 234 examined rats were positive (13,68%).It indicated that there were various species of rats which could act as Hantavirus reservoir. The result also demonstrated overlapping habitat among positive rats of Hantavirus. It needs to be aware of the potential outbreak of Hantavirus in Indonesia transmitted by these rats.