e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Tekanan Darah Sistolik Penduduk Dewasa dengan Indeks Massa-Tubuh Normal di Indonesia: Analisis Riskesdas 2013
No full textAdult population with normal systolic blood pressure (SBP) among those with normal body-mass index (BMI) can be used as a reference value to develop the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Adult Data from participants of the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013 were analyzed for Indonesian adult population aged 25 to 59 years with BMI 18,5—24,9 kg/m2 (n = 19 401). In this paper, above-normal blood pressure refers to SBP >115 mm Hg; this includes all categories of prehypertension and hypertension as defined in 7th report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7). The two SBP categories of man and woman participants were grouped into fourths of the age intervals (25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years); fifths of the educational and main job level of head of household; two types of residence (urban, rural); fifths of the expenditure level per capita per month; and 33rd of the Indonesian provinces. Among adults with normal BMI, 26,2% of men and 37,6% of women had normal SBP. Percentage of the highest normal SBP found in the youngest age interval, the highest quintile and the urban residence. As we get older, the lower the percentage of normal SBP. The four provinces that have the highest percentage of men with normal SBP were West Papua, DKI Jakarta, Gorontalo, and Bali. The four provinces having the highest percentage of women with normal SBP were Riau Island, West Sulawesi, DKI Jakarta, and Bali. If the adult’s normal BMI and SBP will be used among other things for a reference value, such as to develop the DRI, it is necessary to consider the SBP thresholds and residence, in particular the urban.Key words: Systolic blood-pressure (SBP), body-mass index (BMI), Indonesia adults, reference value, the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI
Arah Riset Sumberdaya dan Pelayanan Kesehatan
No full textAbstrakRancangan kebijakan publik harus mampu menjadi input pada sisi konsumen, dapat dibaca, dipahami dan diolah menjadi produk kebijakan pemerintah. Pelaksana program/aktivitas pembangunan di tingkat pusat,provinsi, kabupaten/kota, sampai dengan di desa dibutuhkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang tegas, tidak tumpang tindih, substansial, dan sesuai konteks. Kebutuhan ini dapat dipenuhi oleh produk riset yangsudah mengarah pada penyediaan rancangan peraturan perundang-undangan, yang dalam penyusunan/ formulasinya sudah melibatkan pihak pelaksana utama dari tingkat pusat/provinsi/kabupaten/kota. Sudahsaatnya, hasil riset berkontribusi langsung pada program/aktivitas pembangunan melalui rancangan peraturan, dan tidak lagi hanya berhenti pada naskah akademik atau naskah urgensi sebagai data dukung dalammerancang peraturan perundang-undangan.AbstractPublic policy design should be able to be input on the consumer side, readable, understood and processed into a product of government policy.Stakeholders at the central, provincial, district / municipality, up to village levels require strong, non-overlapping, substantial, and context-based laws. These needs can be met by research products that have led to the provision of the draft of laws and regulations, which in their formulationalready involve major stakeholders from the central / provincial / district / municipality levels. It is time, the research results contribute directly to development programs / activities through the provision of the draft oflaws and regulations, and no longer stop at academic texts which is limited only as data support in drafting legislation
Kontaminasi Enterobacteriaceae pada telur itik Alabio di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara, Kalimantan Selatan
No full textAbstract.Alabio duck egg is a major poultry product from South Kalimantan especially district Hulu Sungai Utara. As poultry product, Alabio duck eggs have high risk to contamination, especially by Enterobacteriacea. This research objectives were to determine the possibility of contamination of Enterobacteriaceae on Alabio duck eggs and identifying the causing factors. The research method was survey method with interviews and questionaires on hygienic behavior in managing duck breeders. The survey was followed by simple random sampling performed in two periods. Seven eggs were taken from each breeder totaling 10 persons, then subjected to bacteriological tests with conventional methods by growing isolate in selective media. Some biochemical and serological tests were done to support identification. Escherichia coli was found in period I and II sampling at 80% and 60%. Salmonella typi. was found only in period II at 30% of 10 samples. Other Enterobacteriaceae were not found. In this study we found that major factor causing the egg contamination were dirty hatching site and witg contact to the floor of the cage.Keyword: Alabio duck egg, Enterobacteriaceae, Hulu Sungai UtaraAbstrak.Telur itik Alabio merupakan produk ternak unggulan Kalimantan Selatan khususnya Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara. Sebagai produk ternak, telur itik Alabio sangat rentan terhadap kontaminasi terutama oleh Enterobacteriacea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemungkinan terjadinya kontaminasi Enterobacteriaceae pada telur itik Alabio, sekaligus mengidentifikasi faktor yang mungkin berpengaruh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei baik wawancara atau kuesioner tentang perilaku higienis peternak dalam mengelola ternak itik, disertai dengan pengambilan sampel telur dilakukan secara acak pada dua periode. Sebanyak tujuh butir telur diambil dari masing-masing peternak yang berjumlah 10 orang, kemudian dilakukan uji bakteriologi dengan metode konvensional yaitu menumbuhkan isolat pada media pengaya dan selektif dilanjutkan dengan uji biokimia dan serologi. Escherichia coli ditemukan pada sampel periode I dan II masing-masing sebesar 80% dan 60%. Salmonella sp. hanya ditemukan pada periode II sebanyak 30% dari 10 sampel. Enterobacteriaceae lainnya tidak ditemukan. Tempat bertelur khusus yang kotor dan kontak dengan lantai kandang merupakan faktor yang diduga kuat menyebabkan terjadinya kontaminasi.Kata Kunci: Telur Itik Alabio, Enterobacteriaceae, Hulu Sungai Utar
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH MESSAGES TOWARD HEALTHY REPRODUCTION PRACTICE
No full textBackground: Inconsistent in contraceptive usage gave additional challenges to the government to control population growth. Objective: This study aimed to explain the relationship of reproductive health behavioral messages (RHBM) exposure to healthy reproduction practice (HRP) among married women of 20 to 35 years old and to identify factors that made these women receptive to the RHBM exposure. Method: One-hundred-and-thirty-four respondents were selected which 24 of them then selected as informants. Data were collected using questionnaire and a Focus Group Discussion. Three RHBM have used i.e. the healthy reproduction criteria, the methods of the family planning (FP) and the benefits of FP. The respondents were defined as having a positive HRP if used long-acting contraceptive. Result: The study found an increasing on respondent’s reproductive health knowledge did not increase positive HRP. The respondents who used long-acting contraceptive preferred use a personal communication channel rather than a mass media. Conclusion: None of these RHBM had proved the relationship of the RHBM exposure to the HRP did exist. The study identified six factors could make women receptive to the RHBM exposure i.e. the delivered information should contain the risk and the benefits, the source of information's was credible, the information had visual attractiveness, was easy to spot, interactive, and intensive
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KETERPAJANAN ASAP ROKOK DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT PARU OBSTRUKTIF KRONIK (PPOK) DI INDONESIA
No full textABSTRACT Smoking is a public health problem. The health impact is related to degenerative diseases caused by smoking such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). WHO states that COPD is the third leading cause of death in the world. The study aims to determine the relationship between cigarette smoke exposures (active and passive) and COPD. The study design was cross-sectional. Sample was 17,246 subjects of the 2013 Basic Health Research aged> 30 years. The variables analyzed were COPD, gender, age, current smoking habit, smokers, passive smokers and former smokers. Logisticregression analysis with a complex sample to see the difference and the strength of the relationship of smoking habits and cigarette smoke exposures with a history of diagnosed COPD. The results showed a higher risk of developing COPD are in the group of smokers every day (including ex-smokers every day) with an OR of 3.73. Tobacco smoke exposures in the population who do not smoke (including passive smokers) have a significant relationship with the incidence of COPD, with OR of 1.69. Keywords: Expossure, cigarrete smoke, COPD ABSTRAK Kebiasaan merokok merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Dampak kesehatan yang paling jelas terlihat adalah terkait munculnya penyakit-penyakit degeneratif akibat rokok seperti Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik (PPOK). WHO menyebutkan PPOK merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga di dunia. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui besarnya hubungan antara keterpajanan asap rokok(aktif maupun pasif) dengan kejadian PPOK. Penelitian menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013 dengan sampel seluruh anggota rumah tangga yang berusia > 30 tahun, yaitu sejumlah 17.246 responden. Variabel yang dianalisis adalah PPOK, jenis kelamin, usia, kebiasaan merokok saat ini, perokok berat, perokok pasif, dan mantan perokok. Analisis menggunakan legresi logistik untuk melihat perbedaan dan kekuatan hubungan kebiasaan merokok dan keterpajanan asap rokok dengan riwayat pernah didiagnosa PPOK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan risiko PPOK lebih tinggi pada kelompok perokok setiap hari (termasuk mantan perokok setiap hari) dengan OR 3,73. Keterpajanan asap rokok pada populasi yang tidak merokok (termasuk perokok pasif) mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna terhadap kejadian PPOK, dengan nilai OR sebesar 1,69. Kata kunci: Keterpajanan, asap rokok, PPO
BESARAN DEFISIT ENERGI DAN PROTEIN PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH (6-12 TAHUN) UNTUK PERENCANAAN PROGRAM GIZI (PMTAS) DI DELAPAN WILAYAH INDONESIA (Laporan Analisis Lanjut Tahun 2014)
No full textConsumption adequacy in school children must be noticed, because of nutritional intake is directly associated with nutritional status of children besides of the infectious disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the proportion and the number of consumption deficit of energy and protein, for planning program of nutrition improvement (complementary food for school children/PMTAS) according to regions in Indonesia. Cross sectional study design. The sample of this study was all of children aged 6-12 years from Riskesdas data in 2010 which had the data of consumption. Data analysis describe the deficit of protein and energy according to groups of age and 8 regions in Indonesia. Proporsion of children who had energy deficit was 83,9 percent nationally, 64,4 percent of children was classified having severe energy deficiency (<70% AKE), and proportion of protein deficit was 64,2 percent, 17,8 percent of children was classified having severe protein deficiency (<70% AKP). The mean of protein and energy deficit for planning program of nutrition improvement nationally in school children require the adding about 650 calories for energy and 8,1 grams for protein. The number of protein and energy deficit was different according to groups of age and region. Protein adequacy for children in group of 6 years had fulfilled the recommended dietary allowance in 5 regions. The largest number of protein and energy deficit was in children aged 10-12 years in 8 regions of Indonesia. For the program planning of nutrition improvement in school children is supposed to notice the groups of age and regions. Kecukupan konsumsi pada anak sekolah harus diperhatikan, karena intake makanan berhubungan langsung dengan status gizi anak selain infeksi penyakit. Tujuan analisis mengetahui proporsi dan besaran defisit konsumsi energi dan protein, untuk perencanaan program perbaikan gizi (Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Anak Sekolah/PMTAS) menurut wilayah di Indonesia. Disain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel adalah semua anak berumur 6-12 tahun dari data Riskesda 2010 yang mempunyai data konsumsi makanan. Analisis data memaparkan defisit energi dan protein berdasarkan kelompok umur dan 8 wilayah di Indonesia. Proporsi anak usia sekolah yang defisit energi secara nasional 83,9 persen, sebanyak 64,4 persen defisit energi tergolong berat (<70 % AKE), dan defisit protein sebesar 64,2 persen, sebanyak 17,8 persen defisit protein tergolong berat (<70 % AKP). Rata-rata defisit energi dan protein secara nasional untuk perencanan program perbaikan gizi anak usia sekolah adalah perlu tambahan sebesar 650 Kalori untuk energi dan 8,1 gram untuk protein. Besaran defisit energi dan protein berbeda berdasarkan kelompok umur dan wilayah. Kecukupan protein kelompok umur 6 tahun sudah memenuhi AKP di 5 wilayah. Defisit energi dan protein terbesar terdapat dikelompok umur 10-12 tahun di 8 wilayah Indonesia. Dalam perencanaan program perbaikan gizi anak usia sekolah perlu memperhatikan kelompok umur dan wilayah
FAKTOR DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN JAMU SAINTIFIK
No full textBasic Health Research year 2013 showed that use of traditional health services was still very high. People required traditional health services that were safe, effi cacious and qualifi ed to avoid disadvetages because of misleading information or unjustifi ed health services. For the reasons, government decided “Saintifi kasi Jamu” (Scientifi c herbal) in 2010. The study aimed to analyze consumer behavior on decision making for using “Saintifi kasi Jamu”. It was carried out at the Balai Kesehatan Tradisional Masyarakat (BKTM) Makassar and Colomadu I Primary Health Center, in Karanganyar year 2015. Samples were selected by consecutive sampling based on patient’s visit to the health services with a total sample of 30 people at each the health service. The decision-making process was analized descriptively. Respondent characteristics of the jamu consumers were mostly older ages (45-55 years) and with high education level. Reasons among respondents to visit herbal traditional services were because of sick and considered that the jamu had no side effect. The source of information that infl uenced respondents were families, friends, neighbours, aqcuaitances, and health providers were likely because familiar. Respondent’s considerations about jamu were all about the benefi t, and all of them satisfi ed as a jamu consumer or good quality. Consumer behavior analysis that the respondents still seek traditional health service, the scientifi c herbal, if get illness; the reasons were that the jamu had no side effect and its benefi ts. Respondents were satisfi ed after use the jamu and very loyal to the jamu products. Socialization of the scientifi c herbal in primary health centers and the rank health facilities should be improved. ABSTRAK Riskesdas 2013 menyatakan bahwa pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional masih sangat tinggi di masyarakat. Masyarakat memerlukan pelayanan kesehatan tradisional yang aman, berkhasiat dan berkualitas, supaya terhindar dari hal yang merugikan akibat informasi menyesatkan atau pelayanan yang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pemerintah mencanangkan Saintifi kasi Jamu (SJ) pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perilaku konsumen dalam pengambilan keputusan penggunaan jamu yang saintifi k. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Kesehatan Tradisional Masyarakat (BKTM) Makassar dan Puskesmas Colomadu I, Kabupaten Karanganyar pada tahun 2015.Cara pengambilan sampel adalah Consecutive Sampling (sampling berdasarkan kedatangan pasien ke tempat pelayanan), dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 30 orang di setiap lokasi penelitian. Analisis proses pengambilan keputusan dilakukan secara deskriptif. Karakteristik responden pengguna jamu terbanyak adalah usia lanjut (45–55 tahun) dan berpendidikan tinggi. Alasan responden datang ke pelayanan obat tradisional adalah karena sakit dan responden menganggap jamu tidak ada efek samping. Sumber informasi yang mempengaruhi responden dari keluarga, teman, tetangga, kenalan, dan petugas kesehatan kemungkinan karena familiar. Responden mempertimbangkan manfaat dari jamu dan setelah menggunakan jamu responden merasa puas atau kualitas terjamin. Analisis perilaku konsumen menyatakan bahwa responden masih mencari pengobatan tradisional (jamu saintifi k) bila sakit dengan alasan jamu tidak ada efek samping dan hal utama yang dipertimbangkan adalah manfaat dari jamu. Sumber informasi pribadi merupakan informasi utama dalam membeli jamu. Responden merasa puas setelah menggunakan jamu dan mempunyai loyalitas cukup tinggi terhadap jamu. Sosialisasi pelayanan Jamu tersaintifi kasi di puskesmas dan jajarannya perlu ditingkatkan.
KEANEKARAGAMAN KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA) DI KEBUN KOLEKSI TUMBUHAN OBAT BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN OBAT DAN OBAT TRADISIONAL, TAWANGMANGU
No full textSalah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tumbuhan obat adalah keberadaan hama atau organisme pengganggu tanaman. Proses produksi bahan baku simplisia tumbuhan obat seringkali diserang hama, sehingga hasil yang diperoleh tidak sesuai yang dikehendaki. Data dan informasi mengenai jenis-jenis organisme yang berpotensi sebagai pengganggu proses produksi sangat penting untuk diketahui, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman dan meminimalkan dampak dari serangan yang terjadi. Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengoleksi dan mengiventarisir jenis kupu-kupu apa saja yang ada di sekitar tumbuhan obat. Riset yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2016 ini difokuskan pada inventarisasi kupu-kupu. Metode scan sampling digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah spesies dan jumlah individu tiap spesies. Data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis dengan indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks Margalef (Dmg), indeks Evenness (E), dan indeks Dominansi Simpson (D). Ditemukan sebanyak 25 spesies kupu-kupu dari empat famili. Catopsilia pomona adalah spesies dengan kemunculan tertinggi sebesar 57,4%, sedangkan Symbrenthia sp, Moduza procris, Junonia hedonia, Elymnias nesaea, Elymnias hypermnestra, dan Cyrestis nivea, memiliki kemunculan terendah, masing-masing 0,5%. Nilai indeks ekologi kupu-kupu di kebun koleksi untuk keanekaragaman (H’) 1,91, kekayaan spesies (Dmg) 4,61, kemerataan (E) 0,59 dan dominansi 0,34
Potensi Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Asal Rimpang Kunyit Sebagai Antimalaria dan Antioksidan
No full textMalaria infection is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries, including Indonesia. Malaria infection is usually accompanied by increased free radicals in the body of the patient. This situation will cause decreasing the immune system of the patient. Explorating of new drugs that have antimalarial and also antioxidant activity is very important. Therefore, this study aims to determine in vitro antimalarial and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extract origin turmeric from Sukabumi. This study begins with fermentation process of endophytic fungi on the broth medium and ethyl acetate was used to extract the filtrat to gain the test extracts. Heme polymerization inhibition and free radical DPPH scavenging method were used to antimalarial and antioxidant in vitro assay respectively. The results showed that 18 isolates of endophytic fungi have antimalarial activity and one isolate inactive and also all isolates have antioxidant activity. Smi.Cl.6F isolate was the most active isolate on the antimalarial and antioxidant assay with IC50 value of each assay were 1.93 mg/mL and 32.28 mg/L respectively. Therefore, Smi.Cl.6F isolates potentially be used as new antimalarial drugs
Sarana dan Prasarana Rumah Sakit Pemerintah dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi di Indonesia
No full textNosocomial infections is an important issue around the world. Hospitals are required to provide qualified, efficient and effective service to ensure patient safety. The Ministry of Health has revitalized prevention and control of infection program (PPI) in hospitals which is one of the cornerstones towards patient Safety. The purpose of this study is to identify the preparedness of hospitals to implement the PPI program. The data source is Health Facility Research of 2011 which was done by National Institute of Health Research and Development. The aspects examined include facility, infrastructure, human resource, organization, guidelines, compliance in prescribing, the availability of clean water and hospital sewage treatment. The results show that many hospitals are not yet ready to conduct PPI, especially in terms of infrastructure, clean water sterilization and processing waste, mostly hospitals of classes C and D. Sewage treatment is important in the control or prevention of spread of antimicrobial resistance. This program gives many benefits especially in preventing the occurrence of total resistance or back to the era before antibiotics. The PPI program does require a large fee such that hospital management often disapproves, although the result of available cost analysis indicates that PPI is highly cost-effective