e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Obat Suku Musi di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan
No full textMusi tribe community used medicinal plants generally based on cultural heritage. Unproper use of medicinal plants unproperly cause the drug does not work effectively. Ten medicinal plants were selected for antibacterial activity tested using disc diffusion method against two testb bacteria i.e Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) at concentrations of 125, 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were determined for the active extract which still gives antibacterial activity using well method. The result showed only three test extracts, i.e Coleus scutellarioides, Blumea balsamifera and Lantana camara gave inhibition zone diameter of 11-20 mm against E. coli. Meanwhile, four extracts i.e Coleus scutellarioides, Blumea balsamifera, Dillenia alata and Dimocarpus melayensis gave inhibition zone diameter of 11-20 mm against S. aureus. Determination of MIC values for Coleus scutellarioides and Blumea balsamifera extracts gave the same MIC value of 125 μg/mL for both test bacteria. Meanwhile, Lantana camara gave MIC value of 250 ug/mL for E. coli. Dillenia alata and Dimocarpus melayensis also provide MIC value of 125 ug/mL againts E. Coli. It was found that there were five active extracts among ten extracts tested. Two extracts which active against both test bacteria were Coleus scutellarioides and Blumea balsamifera. One extract, Lantana camara only active against E. coli and the two others Dillenia alata and Dimocarpus melayensis were active against S. auerus
Menyikat Gigi, Konsumsi Buah Dan Sayur, Aktivitas Fisik, Diabetes Mellitus Dengan Jaringan Periodontal Gigi di Indonesia, Tahun 2013
No full textIf dental and oral hygiene are not maintained properly, the balance of bacteria plaque will be disrupted. By brushing teeth properly after breakfast and before sleep at night, the dental and oral hygiene are well preserved. Physical activity is important can increase blood circulation throughout the body. Periodontal tissues are supporting teeth consisting of gums, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. The study aimed to determine association of tooth brushing, eating fruits and vegetables, physical activity and Diabetes Mellitus to Periodontal tissues. It was a further analysis of Riskesdas 2013. The Riskesdas was a survey of observational and with a cross sectional design. It was carried out in 33 provinces and 497 districts year 2013. The population were all Indonesians. Samples were household members aged 15 years and above and of a total 722 329 people. Variable dependent was periodontal tissue health, whereas the independent variables were brush teeth properly, eat fruits and vegetables, physical activity, Diabetes Mellitus. Data were analyzed bivariately x2 test. Brushing teeth properly was signifi cantly associated to periodontal tissues health, as well as enough physical activity. Meanwhile, eat fruits and vegetables (p = 0.117) and also diabetes mellitus (p = 0.647) were not signifi cantly associated to periodontal tissues health. Diabetes mellitus did not infl uence the periodontal tissues health possibly because it was assessed by interview and was not followed by blood examination. It suggests to maintain dental and oral hygiene by brushing teeth properly twice a day after breakfast and before sleep. Besides, it needs to promote enough physical activity associated with healthy periodontal tissues. Abstrak Bila kebersihan gigi mulut tidak dijaga dengan baik, maka keseimbangan bakteri plak akan terganggu. Dengan menyikat gigi secara benar setelah makan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam, kebersihan gigi dan mulut terjaga dengan aktivitas fisik dan Diabetes Mellitus dengan jaringan Periodontal di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut dari Riskesdas. Riskesdas merupakan riset dengan jenis observasional dan disain potong lintang. Pelaksanaan Riskesdas 2013 di 33 propinsi dan 497 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada tahun 2013. Populasi adalah seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Sampel adalah anggota rumah tangga yang berusia 15 tahun keatas dan berjumlah 722.329 orang. Variabel dependen adalah kesehatan jaringan periodontal sedangkan variable independen adalah menyikat gigi, makan buah dan sayur, aktivitas fisik, dan diabetes mellitus. Analisis data secara bivariat dengan x2 test. Menyikat gigi secara benar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap jaringan periodontal yang sehat, demikian dengan aktivitas fisik yang cukup. Sedangkan konsumsi buah dan sayur yang cukup (p = 0,117) dan menderita diabetes mellitus (p = 0,647) tidak berhubungan signifikan dengan kesehatan jaringan periodontal. Diabetes Mellitus tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan jaringan periodontal kemungkinan karena hanya berdasarkan wawancara dan tidak diikuti dengan pemeriksaan darah. Disarankan untuk menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan menyikat gigi dengan cara yang benar yaitu 2 kali sehari setelah sarapan pagi dan sebelum tidur malam. Selain itu, perlu dipromosikan aktivitas fisik yang cukup.
Integrasi Jamkesda dalam JKN bagi PBI di Kota Blitar dan Kota Malang
No full textThe National Health insurance (JKN) appropriate road map is expected in 2016, all Jamkesda for the poor has been integrated in the JKN system. This study aims to investigate the implementation of Jamkesda (District Health Insurance) integration into the National Health Insurance implemented in the city. It was an observational study with a cross-sectional design, carried out in the city of Blitar and Malang in 2015. The respondents were related areas Jamkesda participation in City Health office, Social Services, BPJS and Local Government (Bappeda, BPKAD, Welfare). Data were collected by in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data on participation and policy documents. Integration process of membership Jamkesda into the system of JKN for PBI(Recipient of Contribution Subsidy) has been supported by the local regulations in the decree of the Mayors for determination of PBI participants and Cooperation Agreement BPJS withMunicipal Government. Membership ofcentral PBI in Blitar City (25,266 people) and Malang city (106,902), while district PBI in Blitar results integration of Jamkesda (8,508 people) and Malang (20,190 inhabitants). Integration of membership Jamkesda to JKN system for PBI has been implemented by the region in a different ways, both in terms of setting criteria, verification and validation of implementing institutions of the participants, the addition and reduction participant data, distributing the card and premium payment. Some of the constraints experienced by stakeholders in the integration Jamkesda include constraints in the membership management, limited human resourcesand budget, technical verification and system validation poor people and information system BPJS still new. The integration membership Jamkesda to JKN system has been implemented fairly well in accordance with the conditions in their respective areas. It needs a legal basis and Guidelines of Integration Implementation Jamkesda to JKN system, which may be a valid inference thus reducing inaccuracies in the implementation. AbstrakSesuai peta jalan JKNdiharapkan pada tahun 2016, semua Jamkesda untuk masyarakat miskin telah terintegrasi dalam sistem JKN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses integrasi Jamkesda ke dalam Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional yang dilaksanakan di daerah. Jenis penelitian observasional disain potong lintang, dilaksanakan di Kota Blitar dan Kota Malang tahun 2015. Responden adalah Bidang terkait kepesertaan Jamkesda di Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Sosial, BPJS dan Pemerintah Daerah (Bappeda, BPKAD, Kesra). Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam, diskusi kelompok terarah dan data sekunder tentang kepesertaan serta dokumen kebijakan. Integrasi kepesertaan Jamkesda ke sistem JKN bagi PBI didukung oleh regulasi daerah berupa SK Walikota untuk penetapan peserta PBI dan Perjanjian Kerjasama Pemerintah Kota dan BPJS. Kepesertaaan PBI, di Kota Blitar PBI Pusat (25.266 jiwa) dan Kota Malang (106.902), sedangkan PBI Daerah di Kota Blitar hasil integrasi Jamkesda (8.508 jiwa) dan Kota Malang (20.190 jiwa). Integrasi Jamkesda ke sistem JKN bagi PBI telah dilaksanakan oleh daerah dengan cara yang berbeda, baik dalam aspek penetapan kriteria, institusi pelaksana verifikasi dan validasi peserta, penambahan dan pengurangan data peserta, pendistribusi kartu dan waktu pembayaran premi.Beberapa kendala yang dialami oleh stakeholder terkait dalam integrasi Jamkesda meliputi kendala dalam manajemen kepesertaan, keterbatasan SDM, anggaran, teknis verifikasi validasi masyarakat miskin dan sistem BPJS yang masih baru. Proses integrasi kepersertaan Jamkesda ke sistem JKN telah dilaksanakan cukup baik sesuai dengan kondisi di daerah masing-masing. adanya landasan hukum dan Pedoman Pelaksanaan Integrasi Jamkesda ke sistem JKN, yang dapat menjadi acuan yang benar sehingga mengurangi ketidaktepatan dalam pelaksanaan.
Penerimaan Masyarakat dan Cakupan Pengobatan Massal Filariasis di Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar
No full textABSTRACTBackground: Mass Drugs Administration (MDA) of Filariasis is the effort for filariasis elimination. The first round of MDA is a reference for implementation future rounds of MDA. Coverage of treatment, community compliance and knowledge about filariasis are some things that need to be considered in implementation of the first round of MDA and is an indicator the success of filariasis elimination. Kodi Balaghar is a sub-district in South West Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara province which has Mf- rate 4.2% and received MDA for first round in 2013.Objective: to see how the acceptance of Kodi Balaghar community on the first round implementation of MDA. Methods: Descriptive study was conducted from April- November 2014 at five villages in Kodi Balaghar Sub-District which received MDA in 2013. The number of samples are 216 that calculating with estimated proportion. Two hundred and four respondens were success interview using structure questionnaires consisting of people who taking (100 respondens) and did not taking the drug (104) based on data from primary health care. Results: Coverage of MDA 2013 in Kodi Balaghar Sub-District was 3% from total eligible population. There were 152 respondents did not know the implementation of MDA, 149 respondents were did not obtain information about MDA. All respondents who taking drugs, admitted to ingested the drug. The main reason of respondents for not taking drugs is they did not know there was implementation of MDA programe (71 respondents). The second reason of respondents is absent at the time of drugs distribution (33 respondents).Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and information of respondents about MDA and followed by very low coverage.Recommendation: increased socialization as an effort to increase knowledge and information about MDA. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Pengobatan massal filariasis adalah upaya untuk eliminasi filariasis. Pengobatan massal filariasis periode pertama merupakan acuan pelaksanaan pengobatan massal periode selanjutnya. Cakupan pengobatan, kepatuhan masyarakat minum obat dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang filariasis adalah beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan pada pelaksanaan pengobatan periode pertama dan merupakan indikator keberhasilan eliminasi filariasis. Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar merupakan wilayah di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur yang memiliki Mf-rate 4,2% dan baru menerima pengobatan massal periode pertama di tahun 2013. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan penerimaan masyarakat Kodi Balaghar, Kabupaten sumba Barat daya pada pelaksanaan pengobatan massal filariasis periode pertama. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang dilakukan dalam bulan April–November 2014 pada lima desa di Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar yang telah memperoleh pembagian obat pada pelaksanaan pengobatan massal filariasi periode 2013. Estimasi jumlah sampel diperoleh dengan perhitungan proporsi. Jumlah sampel yang berhasil diwawancarai Sebanyak 204 responden dipilih secara random. Data dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur, kepada masyarakat yang memperoleh obat massal dan yang tidak memperoleh obat pada tahun 2013 berdasarkan data puskesmas. Hasil: Cakupan pengobatan massal filariasis di Kecamatan Kodi Balaghar 3%. Sebanyak 152 responden menjawab tidak tahu pelaksanaan pengobatan massal filariasis, 149 responden tidak memperoleh informasi tentang pengobatan massal. Semua responden yang memperoleh obat mengaku minum obat yang diberikan. Adapun alasan utama, 71 responden tidak memperoleh obat adalah mereka tidak mengetahui pelaksanaan pengobatan massal filariasis, diikuti 33 responden tidak berada di tempat saat pembagian obat berlangsung. Kesimpulan: Pengetahuan responden dan informasi tentang pengobatan massal filariasis sangat kurang diikuti cakupan pengobatan massal filariasis yang sangat rendah. Saran: peningkatan sosialisasi sebagai upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan dan informasi tentang pengobatan massal filariasis
KORELASI ANTARA ASUPAN SUMBER IODIUM DENGAN STATUS IODIUM PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR
No full textIodine intake is important for thyroid function. Marginal iodine intake can causegoiter, characterized by an enlarged thyroid gland. In addition to affecting thyroidsize, iodine intake can influence the concentrations of thyroid hormones andtiroglobulin in the blood. Iodine status is determined by various factors, amongothers, the consumption of food containing iodine and quality of iodized salt. Thisanalysis aims to determine the correlation between food sources iodine of iodinestatus. This cross sectional study included 70 randomly selected subjects withmild-to-severe iodine deficiency; the subjects lived in Magelang and Temanggung.Iodine intake was estimated by using a recall questionnaire and by measuringiodine excretion in spot urine samples. There was a significant correlation betweenfish consumption and log of iodine content in salt with log urinary iodine excretion.There was a significant correlation between protein intake with serum TSH. Therewas a significant correlation between fish consumption, consumption of iodinecapsules and urinary iodine excretion with log serum tiroglobulin. Conclusion:Need to be increased intake of natural sources of iodine to preventiodine deficiencydisorder. Iodized salt is one effort to meet local needs iodine, especially in areasof endemic iodine deficiency disorder
KECEMASAN DAN GANGGUAN FUNGSI TIROID PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR
No full textBackground. Thyroid function disorders can be determined by thyroid levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood. In normal condition, thyroid hormones will play an important role in metabolism, system oxidation process, the growth process and protein synthesis. This hormones have an effect to all cells in the human body through the amino acids transport mechanism and electrolytes from extra cellular fluids into the cells, enzyme protein synthesis in cells and increase intracellular processes. Changes of thyroid function can interfere cognitive function, behavioral problems, and change of feeling (mood), included an anxiety. Objective. This study aimed to determine the differences of anxiety in patients with hyperthyroidism, euthyroid, and hypothyroidism in Klinik Litbang GAKI Magelang. Methods. This study was conducted using cross sectional method. Samples are 507 women of childbearing age who visited Klinik Litbang GAKI during 2013. The research variables are TSH status and level of anxiety. The level of anxiety was measured using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) which has 21 items and also measure the physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects. The socio-demographic data were obtained through interviews. The statistical analysis used was Anova test. Result. Subjects with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroid, and euthyroid were 33.3%, 7.3%, and 59.4% respectively. Many subjects especially above 36 years old experience moderate and severe anxiety level. There was no statistically significant differences in age group between hyperthyroid, euthyroid, and hypothyroid. Anova test results showed that the hyperthyroidism group has higher anxiety scores compared with euthyroid group. Conclusion. Impaired hyperthyroidism experienced by childbearing age women would be more prone to experience psychological problems particularly anxiety
