e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
Not a member yet
4975 research outputs found
Sort by
PERKIRAAN BESAR MASALAH KRETIN DAN HAMBATAN MENTAL DI INDONESIA
No full textGoitre, that’s enlargement of thyroid gland, and cretins had been known inIndonesia for long time, especially in areas around active vulcanoes. In areaswhere goitre is prevalence, cretinism is also common. This paper studied goitreprevalence to estimate the magnitude of cretinism and developmental deficit dueto iodine deficiency. Data set from National Mapping Survey 1996/1998 were usedfor analyses. Data set from Evaluation on Intensified Iodine Deficiency ControlProject 2003 were also used for comparison in the changes of goitre and urinaryiodine concentration. Epidemiological modelling was construct to estimate cretinand developmental deficit due to iodine deficiency. Prevalence of goitre in areaswith endemic goitre were not changes after five years intensive control program.Median urinary iodine concentration changed quite significantly. Around 0.33% ofpeople living in endemic goitre area (TGR> 5.0%) were estimated to suffer fromcretin and 0.9% were suffering from milder developmental deficit. Around 0.33%of baby born in areas with endemic goitre were cretin and 0.099% were bornwith milder developmental deficit. The higher the goitre prevalence the more thenumber of cretin and milder development deficit de to iodine deficiency
PENGARUH KONSUMSI TELUR BERIODIUM TERHADAP EKSKRESI IODIUM URINE PADA PENDERITA DEFISIENSI IODIUM
No full textBackground. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) eradication is done by fortification of iodine or iodized salt added to foods. Several studies have shown that administration of iodized salt in foods increases the level of urinary iodine excretion (EIU). Fortified iodized in egg transform eggs into iodized egg. Elementary school children are the most vulnerable groups that exposed and experienced direct impact of Iodine deficiency disorders. Endemicity levels can also be assessed by the level of median iodine in urine or urinary iodine excretion (UIE) in the population. Urinary iodine excretions represent iodine consumption since 90% iodine in the body excreted through urine. This study aims to determine whether the provision of iodized eggs will have an effect on elementary school children with iodine deficiency. Method. This is an experiment study to 26 randomly selected students from a group of children with EIU <100 μg/L divided into two groups. The intervention group has given iodized eggs that ripened for five days while the control group received normal eggs daily for ten days. Eggs in our study were given as a side dish of staple food that are yellow rice, rice and fried rice. Urines were collected in the morning 07.00 pm by researcher in the school and spectrophotometer in the laboratory measured EIU content of samples. Data were analyzed using independent T-test. Result. Our study showed 65.4% samples are girls with 7.7% BMI Z Score below – 3 SD. The increment of EIU in the treatment groups statistically significant with p = 0.001 (p < 0.005). Conclusions. The provision of iodized egg in meals have shown a significant correlation between the level of EIU in elementary children mild IDD
ANEMIA PADA ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI
No full textBackground. Elementary school children are the vulnerable group of IDD andanemia coused by micronutrient deficiency. Iron deficiency affect iodine metabolismand potentially aggravate IDD impact. Some studies showed reciprocal influencebetween iodine deficiency anemia with iron. Given the high extent of IDD endemicareas and the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia, this study aimed to describe theproblem of anemia in primary school children. The study area were mountains areaswhich had IDD area history. Method.This was a cross-sectiona study in IDD endemicareas to 108 grade 4 and 5 Primary School childrens selected by simple randomsampling method. TSH examination was taken from random sub-sample as manyas 45 children, and the value of TSH divided into 3 groups. Results. Results showedthat 4.4% of respondents had high value of TSH while 36.6% on moderately highcategory. Urine iodine content is very varied contained 15.7% of subjects experiencingiodine deficiency, and on the other hand, 10.2% of respondents had a urinary iodine>300 ug / L, included in the category of Excess. Iodized salt consumption, at 40.8% ofrespondents who qualify. There were no significant association between hemoglobinlevels and high value of TSH (p> 0.05). However there were association betweenthe consumption of iodized salt and iodine content in urine (r = 0.11, p = 0.003).Conclusion. It can be conclude that the number of children suffered from anemiain endemic IDD area were quite high although there were no association betweenhemoglobin levels and levels of TSH respondents.Keywords: anemia, IDD, primary school childre
Investigasi Malaria di Desa Baku Bakulu, Kecamatan Palolo, Kabupaten Donggala
No full textTerjadinya peningkatan kasus malaria yang mengarah pada kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) ditimbulkan oleh adanya perubahan lingkungan yang ekstrim akibat bencana alam banjir yang terja di beberapa bulan sebelumnya. Kondisi lingkungan yang berubah yang menyebabkan semakin meluasnya tempat perkembangbiakan Anopheles spp di sepanjang sungai; perilaku masyarakat sehari-hari yang semakin rentan terekspos malaria; dan kondisi pelayanan kesehatan yang terbatas telah menyebabkan terjadinya penularan malaria secara efektif di daerah tersebut. Penanganan kasus malaria secara cepat melalui Mass Drug Administration(MDA)harus segera dilaksanakan sebagai salah satu usaha mencegah berlangsungnya rantai penularan malaria, khususnya siklus hidup Plasmodium falciparum dan P. Vivax dalam upaya mencegah meluasnya kasus. IRS perlu dilakukan berkala (tiap 6 bulan sekali) dan berkesinambungan secara dengan didukung data hasil survey longitudinal entomologi yang diharapkan dapat dilaksanakan juga segera di daerah tersebut
Status Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (Aedes aegypti) Terhadap Malathion di Kota Tomohon
No full textAedes aegypti as the main vector of dengue has proven resistant to many insecticides when contacted for a long time. This situation has caused a lot of problems in vector control programs in many countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibilityof Ae. aegypti to malathion (0.8%) in Rurukan, Tomohon City. The method used in this study was an observational descriptive. Samples for testing were Ae. aegypti mosquito first generation (F1), from the Laboratory Environmental Health Department, Poltekkes Manado, which obtained from egg survey of Ae. aegypti. Selection of the house for the installation of ovitrap was based on the village that has the highest number of cases inTomohon City. Ovitraps were placed inside and outside the house of dengue cases. The results showed that Ae. aegypti mosquito in Rurukan village, Tomohon City are resistant to malathion 0.8%.Aedes aegypti adalah vektor utama demam berdarah, telah terbukti kebal terhadap berbagai insektisida ketika dikontakkan dalam waktu yang lama. Situasi ini menyebabkan banyak masalah dalam program pengendalian vektor di banyak negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status resistensi Aedes aegypti terhadap malathion (0,8%) di Rurukan Kota Tomohon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional. Sampel uji adalah nyamuk Aedes aegypti generasi pertama (F1), hasil kolonisasi di Laboratorium Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Manado yang diperoleh dari survei telur nyamuk Aedes aegypti menggunakan 100 ovitrap. Pemilihan rumah untuk pemasangan ovitrap dilakukan berdasarkan kelurahan dengan jumlah kasus tertinggi di Kota Tomohon, yang diletakkan pada rumah kasus DBD dan sekitar rumah kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Kelurahan Rurukan Kota Tomohon sudah resisten terhadap malathion 0,8%
Faktor Risiko Infeksi Ascaris Lumbricoides pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kota Palu
No full textAscariasis caused by infection of Ascaris lumbricoide, this worm attack all the age group specially primary school chlidren. High and low frequency worm is related to personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. The aim of this study was determine risk factors infection of Ascaris lumbricoides among school children. Cross sectional studywas conducted among 288 primary school children aged 7- 13 years were selected from 7 school. Structured questionnaire were used to identify socio demographic and behavioral factors. Stool specimens examined using direct method. Data entry and analysiswas done using Stata software. The results showed prevalence of intestinal worms is 31.25% and the highest was found infection with Ascaris lumbricoides (28.12%). Logistic regression analysis showed significant relationship between hand washing with soap before eating with infection of Ascaris lumbricoides (OR = 2.41, 95% CI :1,07-5, 42, p-value = 0,033). Ascaris in elementary school children was considerably high in Palu Municipality. Therefore preventive actions in school are needed, for instance provide soap, particulary in toilet and put posters on how to clean hands in school
Gambaran Hasil Spot Survei Nyamuk Anopheles sp. di Tambang Emas Kura-Kura Banian, Kabupaten Kotabaru, Kalimantan Selatan
No full textThe work area of Banian Health Center in Kotabaru District is an malaria endemic area with reported Annual Parasite Incidence (API) was 241.19‰ in 2014. Most of the malaria cases were from illegal gold mining at Banian Mountain. Malaria vector has a significant role in malaria transmission as well as its control. This study was an observational with a cross-sectional design and analyzed descriptively . The study was carried out from February to March 2015 at Turtle Gold Mining in Banian, BUluh Kuning village, Sungai Durian sub-district, Kotabaru district, South Kalimantan. The all night collection was done by using human landing collection method and collection of pre-adult mosquitoes around the gold mining. The study found a low density of Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles leucosphyrus. It is also foud several habitat of Anopheles sp. such as, unused gold washers, unused drums, and unused plastic containers. The low density of mosquito was caused by high rainfall, inappropriate habitat, low temperature, high humadity, wild vegetation, and air polution
Investigasi Kejadian Luar Biasa Pertama Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kaimana, Papua Barat
No full textThe first case of DHF occurred in May-June in Kaimana district of West Papua. This investigation was aimed to identify the distribution of dengue cases related to the patient’s living environment. This was an observational research. An entomological survey was conducted to identify species, breeding habitats and vector confirmation through virus detection in mosquitoes. Interviews in patients with dengue positive as well as entomological surveys were conducted in June 2012. Mosquito samples were collected by resting habitat and human landing collection. Larvae were collected from water containers at 25 sampling sites consisting of patient's house hold, school and hospital. Larvae collection were rearranged in Entomology Laboratory. Dengue virus in mosquitoes was detected using RT-PCR method using Lanciotti primer. The results showed that the age of infected patients was predominantly 6-12 years (48.1%) and dominated by females (63%). The study showed one case died (3.7%) and 26 ill patients (96.3%). The entomological survey showed that Aedes aegypti was not found in Kaimana while the second vector of A. albopictus was found abundantly. Molecular detection of dengue virus with Lanciotti primer showed that positive dengue virus was detected in mosquito and also larvae sample collections.Kasus pertama DBD telah terjadi pada bulan Mei-Juni di Kabupaten Kaimana Papua Barat. Investigasi ini bertujuan mempelajari distribusi kasus DBD yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan tempat tinggal pasien. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional. Survei entomologi dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies, breeding habitat dan melakukan konfirmasi vektor melalui deteksi virus pada nyamuk. Wawancara pada pasien yang positif menderita dengue serta survei entomologi dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2012. Sampel nyamuk dikoleksi pada resting habitat dan umpan orang. Larva dikoleksi dari kontainer yang berada pada 25 titik sampling yang terdiri dari lingkungan rumah tinggal pasien, sekolah dan rumah sakit. Koleksi larva selanjutnya direaring di Laboratorium Entomologi. Keberadaan virus DBD pada nyamuk dideteksi menggunakan metode RT PCR dengan primer Lanciotti. Laporan kasus menunjukkan bahwa usia pasien yang terinfeksi sebagian besar adalah 6-12 tahun (48,1%) dan didominasi oleh perempuan (63%). Penelitian menunjukkan satu kasus meninggal (3,7%) dan 26 pasien sakit (96,3%). Survei entomologi menunjukkan bahwa A. aegypti tidak ditemukan di Kaimana sementara vektor kedua A. albopictus ditemukan melimpah. Deteksi molekuler virus dengue dengan lancioti primer menunjukkan bahwa virus positif terdeteksi pada koleksi sampel nyamuk dan larva
Perilaku Nyamuk Mansonia dan Potensi Reservoar dalam Penularan Filariasis di Desa Gulinggang Kabupaten Balangan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
No full textAbstract. Mansonia is the one of mosquitoes that can transmit filariasis in Indonesia. The research was conducted to determine diversity of Mansonia in Gulinggang Village Balangan District South Kalimantan Province and the role of reservoir on transmitting filariasis. The research was conducted in January until Mei 2015 with cross sectional data collection. Adult mosquitoes were collected by Bare Leg Collection method on three houses, which have patients with positive filaria. Adult mosquitoes collecting were done in indoor and outdoor start from 18.00‐06.00. Blood sampling were done on cats that maintenance by the origin people to observe of microfilaria. The result showed there were five species of Mansonia i.e. Ma. uniformis, Ma. dives, Ma. annulifera, Ma. annulata, and Ma. bonneae. Ma. uniformis was the most collected mosquitoes indoor biting (37.99%), and Ma. dives was the most outdoor biting (56.80%). The biting activity of Ma. uniformis was peak indoors at 18:00–18:45 and outdoor at 20:00–20:45. The biting activity of Ma. dives was peak outdoor at 19:00‐19:45. Eight from ten (80%) domestic cats were positive of microfilaria. Based on theresult, it was conclude that filariasis in Gulinggang village was supported by the existence of domestic cat and the vectors.Keywords: filariasis, Mansonia, reservoar, microfilaria, Gulinggang VillageAbstrak. Mansonia merupakan satu di antara genus nyamuk yang berperan dalam penularan filariasis di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman jenis nyamuk Mansonia dan peranan reservoar dalam penularan filariasis di Desa Gulinggang Kabupaten Balangan Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Penelitian survei dilakukan di Desa Gulinggang yang merupakan desa endemik filariasis yaitu pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Mei 2015 dengan pengumpulan data secara cross sectional. Penelitian menggunakan 3 rumah yang terdapat penderita filariasis. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan dengan metode Bare Leg Collection. Penangkapan dilakukan di dalam dan di luar rumah dari pukul 18:00‐06:00. Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada kucing domestik peliharaan penduduk setempat untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan mikrofilaria. Hasil penelitian didapatkan lima spesies nyamuk yaitu Ma. uniformis, Ma. dives, Ma. annulifera, Ma. annulata, dan Ma. bonneae. Ma. uniformis merupakan nyamuk yang paling banyak tertangkap di dalam rumah yaitu sebesar 37.99% sedangkan nyamuk Ma. dives banyak tertangkap di luarrumah yaitu sebesar 56.80%. Puncak kepadatan nyamuk Ma.uniformis ini mengisap darah orang di dalam rumah terjadi pada pukul 18:00–18:45, sedangkan di luar rumah pada pukul 20:00–20:45. Ma. dives memiliki puncak kepadatan pada pukul 19:00‐19:45. Sebanyak 10 ekor kucing yang diperiksa darah, menunjukkan 8 ekor terdapat mikrofilaria. Dari data ini menunjukkan bahwa kejadian filariasis di Desa Gulinggang selain terdapat nyamuk sebagai vektornya juga kucing juga berperan sebagai reservoarnya.Kata Kunci: filariasis, Mansonia, reservoar, mikrofilaria, Desa Gulinggan