e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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METODE ALTERNATIF HITUNG IPKM YANG MEMILIKI KORELASI LEBIH TINGGI DENGAN IPM
No full textABSTRACT Human Development Index (HDI) is one of important multi dimension indicators that has been used to monitor population life development based on three dimensions (health, education and adequate living standard). Ministry of Health developed an Public Health Development Index (PHDI) in 2008 and 2014 that covered 30 selected health indicators, to support the health dimension of HDI. This paper used secondary data analysis of PHDI aimed to compare alternative of PHDI formulation method using geometric and arithmatic means.The analysis used data of Indonesia 2013 HDI from Central Bureau Statistic (BPS) Indonesia and 2013 districts PHDI from NIHRD MoH. Result of this study showed statistically difference results of PHDI between geometric mean equation and arithmetic mean equation, which was showing only very few districts remains in the same index range. The geometric mean equation showed slightly higher correlation between PHDI and HDI compare to the arithmetic mean equation. The geometric mean equation in PHDI formulation showed more stable index toward extreme value of its indicator components. The results implicate that the PHDI consider all of the constructed indicators in more equal way. Keywords: Human Development Index (HDI), Public Health Development Index (PHDI), geometric mean equation ABSTRAK Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) merupakan salah satu indikator multi dimensi penting untuk menilai kesejahteraan masyarakat secara lebih komprehensif (kesehatan, pendidikan dan standar hidup yang layak). Secara khusus untuk bidang kesehatan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Indeks Pembangunan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM) tahun 2008 dan tahun 2014 yang meliputi 30 indikator kesehatan terpilih. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan metode alternatif (metode geometrik) dalam menghitung IPKM berdasarkan laporan IPKM tahun 2014 yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Litbang Kesehatan dan data IPM tahun 2013 yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan nilai korelasi dan koefisien determinasi antara nilai IPKM tahun 2014 yang dihitung dengan rata-rata aritmatik dan yang dihitung dengan rata-rata geometrik terhadap nilai IPM tahun 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan hasil IPKM antara persamaan rata-rata geometrik dan persamaan rata-rata aritmatik. Persamaan rata-rata geometrik menunjukkan korelasi yang lebih tinggi antara nilai IPKM dan IPM dibandingkan dengan persamaan rata-rata aritmatik. Selain itu persamaan rata-rata geometrik dalam formulasi IPKM memiliki karakteristik yang stabil terhadap nilai ekstrim pada komponen indikatornya. Hasil perhitungan dengan rata-rata geometrik yang berimplikasi untuk memperoleh IPKM yang tinggi harus mempertimbangkan semua indikator yang dibangun dengan cara yang lebih setara. Kata kunci: Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), Indeks Perkembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat (IPKM), persamaan rata-rata geometri
GAMBARAN PERILAKU WANITA DALAM PENGGUNAAN KONTRASEPSI STRERILISASI WANITA DI PAMULANG, KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN
No full textBackground: TFR in Indonesia since 2002 stagnanted at 2.6. CPR trends Indonesia are increasing but most short term family planning methods. The use of female sterilization contraception in Indonesia is only 2.3%. The female sterilization in Banten province is ranked lowest in Java. Objective: to obtain a description of the user behaviour of sterilization contraception Methods: The design of this study was a RAP (Rapid Assessment Procedure). The informant were 12 wife EFA who used and did not use female sterilization and 14 key informants. Data collection used in-depth interviews and document review. Data is analyzed with content analysis. Result: Behaviour of contraceptive use of female sterilization in Puskesmas Pamulang working area due to medical indication. Support factors include better knowledge, confidence in contraceptive use, positive attitudes and perception of pregnancy risk. Enabling factors include service availability of services and distance perceptions to contraceptive services do not affect contraceptive use, and the cost is affordable and they have access to good information. Reinforcing factors include husband support and advice from doctors. Conclusion: Behaviour of contraceptive use of female sterilization in Puskesmas Pamulang working area due to medical indication. Supporting factors are knowledge, attitude, perception of pregnancy risk, belief, and husband support. Inhibiting factors are expensive cost perception, lack of access to information and lack of support of health workers (PLKB and Midwife).
SEROPREVALENSI DAN ANCAMAN BRUCELLA ABORTUS PADA PEKERJA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH KECAMATAN CILAWU, GARUT
No full textAbstract Backgroud: Brucellsos is a neglected zoonoses diseases. Brucellosis is occupational hazard with a high prevalence in developing countries. Transmission to human can occur through contact with infected animals, inhalation or eat raw materials from animals. Brucellosis also caused abortus on human. Objective: To determined the seroprevalence of human brucellosis and abortus case associated with human brucellosis among dairy farm worker in Cilawu-Garut Methods: The calculation sample size was using proportion test;, 57 respondents man and woman based on inclusion criterias. Respondents received the questionnaire to screen the abortion case history during the last 5 years. We tested their serum samples using Rose Bengal Test (RBT). Result: We found that 7.02% abortion record. There were 57 sera collected and 7.02% showed RBT positive result. Respondent who have abortion record have their negative RBT results. Conclusions: There were Brucella antibody among the respondents in Cilawu. The seroprevalence were negative result to abortus cases, so its need further test to detect the abortion to be caused by Brucella sp
HUBUNGAN KURANG ENERGI KRONIK DAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DENGAN STATUS GIZI BAYI USIA 6-12 BULAN DI KABUPATEN BOYOLALI (CORRELATION CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY AND ANEMIA DURING PREGNANCY WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF INFANT 6 – 12 MONTHS IN BOYOLALI REGENCY)
No full textABSTRACTMalnutrition still becomes a problem in developing countries such as Indonesia. In Boyolali regency the prevalence of stunting and wasting of infants was 27,5 percent and 6,6 percent respectively. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between chronic energy deficiency and Anemia on pregnant mothers with the nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months. Prospective cohort design was implemented in authorized administration of 6 Community Health Centers of Boyolali Regency. A number of 40 pregnant mothers who had record of chronic energy deficiency and Anemia during third trimester and have infants aged 6-12 months participated in the study. Statistic analyzed were performed using the Peason’s Correlation method. The study failed to show the relationship between chronic energy deficiency during pregnancy and z-score of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and weight for height (WHZ) of infants p>0.05 while anemic pregnant mother found a correlation with Z-score of weight for height (WHZ) of infants (p<0.05), but had not correlation with z-score of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) (p>0.05) of infant 6-12 months. Thus, early improvement nutrition program for adolescence should be done to prevent malnutrition in pregnant mothers such as chronic energy deficiency and anemia.ABSTRAK Gangguan gizi masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Di Kabupaten Boyolali prevalensi balita pendek (stunting) sebesar 27,5 persen dan kurus (wasting) 6,6 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat kurang energi kronik (KEK) dan anemia pada ibu hamil dengan status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Desain Penelitian adalah kohort prospektif di enam wilayah Puskesmas, di Kabupaten Boyolali. Partisipan terdiri dari 40 ibu yang memiliki riwayat KEK dan anemia pada kehamilan trimester III, memiliki bayi berusia 6-12 bulan. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi pearson. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan hubungan riwayat KEK pada ibu hamil dengan status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan (Indeks BB/U, PB/U dan BB/PB) (p>0,05). Riwayat anemia pada ibu hamil berhubungan dengan status gizi bayi indeks BB/PB (p<0,05), akan tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi indeks BB/U dan PB/U (p>0,05). Perbaikan pencegahan kurang gizi dan anemia pada masa remaja atau calon pengantin diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya gizi kurang pada ibu hamil dan generasi selanjutnya.ABSTRACTMalnutrition still becomes a problem in developing countries such as Indonesia. In Boyolali regency the prevalence of stunting and wasting of infants was 27,5 percent and 6,6 percent respectively. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between chronic energy deficiency and Anemia on pregnant mothers with the nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months. Prospective cohort design was implemented in authorized administration of 6 Community Health Centers of Boyolali Regency. A number of 40 pregnant mothers who had record of chronic energy deficiency and Anemia during third trimester and have infants aged 6-12 months participated in the study. Statistic analyzed were performed using the Peason’s Correlation method. The study failed to show the relationship between chronic energy deficiency during pregnancy and z-score of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and weight for height (WHZ) of infants p>0.05 while anemic pregnant mother found a correlation with Z-score of weight for height (WHZ) of infants (p<0.05), but had not correlation with z-score of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) (p>0.05) of infant 6-12 months. Thus, early improvement nutrition program for adolescence should be done to prevent malnutrition in pregnant mothers such as chronic energy deficiency and anemia.ABSTRAKGangguan gizi masih merupakan masalah di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Di Kabupaten Boyolali prevalensi balita pendek (stunting) sebesar 27,5 persen dan kurus (wasting) 6,6 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan riwayat kurang energi kronik (KEK) dan anemia pada ibu hamil dengan status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan. Desain Penelitian adalah kohort prospektif di enam wilayah Puskesmas, di Kabupaten Boyolali. Partisipan terdiri dari 40 ibu yang memiliki riwayat KEK dan anemia pada kehamilan trimester III, memiliki bayi berusia 6-12 bulan. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji korelasi pearson. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan hubungan riwayat KEK pada ibu hamil dengan status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan (Indeks BB/U, PB/U dan BB/PB) (p>0,05). Riwayat anemia pada ibu hamil berhubungan dengan status gizi bayi indeks BB/PB (p<0,05), akan tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi indeks BB/U dan PB/U (p>0,05). Perbaikan pencegahan kurang gizi dan anemia pada masa remaja atau calon pengantin diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya gizi kurang pada ibu hamil dan generasi selanjutnya
PERBEDAAN LAJU KECEPATAN TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI MENURUT KONSUMSI NATRIUM [STUDI KOHORT PROSPEKTIF DI KOTA BOGOR, JAWA BARAT, INDONESIA] (THE INCIDENCE RATE DIFFERENCE OF HYPERTENSION ACCORDING TO SODIUM CONSUMPTION [A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY IN BOGOR CIT
No full textABSTRACTHypertension is one of the leading causes of death in the world.The amount of dietary of salt or sodium consumed is important determinant of hypertension. The purpose of analysis is to identify the differences between incidence rate of hypertension according to sodium cosumption.The study is part of a prospective cohort study of Non Communicable Diseases conducted since 2011, in Bogor City West Java, Indonesia. Data were collected by interview and blood pressure measurement. Event of hypertension was defined when in the 1-year of follow-up, participant had a high blood pressure in at least 2 of the 3 measurements. The consumption of sodium was collected through 24-hour dietary recall. The analysis conducted in 2561 participants were do not have hypertension, consist of 94 people with high sodium consumption and 2467 people with low sodium consumption . Data were analyzed by Life Table Survival to calculate the incidence rate of hypertension, with statistical test Wilcoxon (Gehan) to determine incidence rate difference of hypertension according to risk factors. The incidence rate of hypertension in 4-years observations was 58 per 1000 person-year. Adjusted by age and gender, fat and sugar consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, and smoking(AHR 71 vs 22 per 1000 person-years), shown that the incidence rate of hypertension in people who consume high sodium, significantly faster than people who consume low-sodium. The incidence rate difference of hypertension between the high and low sodium consumption was 49 per 1,000 person-years. ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Jumlah garam atau natrium yang dikonsumsi merupakan determinan penting terjadinya hipertensi. Tujuan analisis ini untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan laju kecepatan terjadinya hipertensi pada orang dewasa, menurut jumlah natrium yang dikonsumsi. Studi ini merupakan bagian dari Studi Kohort Penyakit Tidak Menular yang dilakukan sejak tahun 2011 di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara dan pengukuran tekanan darah. Hipertensi ditetapkan apabila dalam satu tahun pengamatan responden memiliki tekanan darah yang tinggi minimal dua kali dari tiga kali pengukuran. Konsumsi natrium dikumpulkan melalui recall diet satu kali 24 jam. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 2561 responden yang tidak mengalami hipertensi, terdiri dari 94 orang mengonsumsi natrium tinggi dan 2467 orang mengonsumsi natrium rendah. Data dianalisis dengan Life Table Survival Analysis untuk menghitung laju kecepatan hipertensi, dan uji statistik Wilcoxon (Gehan) untuk mengetahui perbedaan laju kecepatan terjadinya hipertensi menurut faktor risiko. Laju kecepatan terjadinya hipertensi dalam empat tahun pengamatan adalah 58 per 1000 orang per tahun dengan laju kejadian lebih cepat pada kelompok dengan konsumsi natrium tinggi dibandingkan konsumsi natrium rendah (HR 102 vs 22 per 1000 orang-tahun). Hazard rate suaian menurut umur dan jenis kelamin, konsumsi lemak, konsumsi gula, konsumsi sayur-buah, aktivitas fisik, dan rokok menunjukkan mereka yang mengonsumsi natrium tinggi mempunyai kecepatan terjadinya hipertensi lebih tinggi, dengan perbedaan laju kecepatan sebesar 49 per 1000 orang per tahun
Seroprevalensi Hepatitis C pada Populasi Perkotaan dan Perdesaan di Indonesia Tahun 2013: Kajian Determinan Sosiodemografi, Lingkungan, Pejamu, dan Komorbiditas (Analisis Lanjut Riskesdas 2013)
No full textHepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by RNA virus that is often asymptomatic and can lead into serious complications such as liver cancer. It remains one of major public health issues in several developing countries. Urban and rural areas have different sociodemographic characteristics but seroprevalence of hepatitis C based on antibody against hepatitis C virus (HCV) shows the same proportion of 1.0% in both areas, suggesting that there is discrepancy of risk factors for HCV infection between the two. This analysis aims to identify such determinants that include sociodemographic factors, neighbourhood, environmental conditions including hygienic behaviour and access to healthcare facilities, host conditions and comorbidities outside major risk factors. The analysis used secondary data of Riskesdas 2013 through complex logistic regression technique and alternative tests. The results showed that the determinants of HCV seroprevalence in urban and rural respondents were: gender, unemployment status, prediabetes, abnormalities of HDL and triglyceride levels, renal impairment and malaria. Hence, hepatitis C management strategies in Indonesia may require different approach to urban populations compared to rural areas. Abstrak Hepatitis C merupakan penyakit infeksius akibat virus RNA yang sering tidak bergejala dan dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serius seperti kanker hati. Hal tersebut masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama di sejumlah negara berkembang. Area urban dan rural memiliki perbedaan karakteristik sosiodemografi, tetapi seroprevalensi hepatitis C berdasarkan antibodi terhadap virus hepatitis C (hepatitis C virus, HCV) di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 menunjukkan proporsi yang sama, yaitu 1,0% sehingga memunculkan dugaan adanya perbedaan faktor risiko infeksi HCV antara kedua kategori tempat tinggal. Analisis ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan tersebut yang meliputi faktor sosiodemografi, kondisi lingkungan sekitar berikut perilaku higienis dan akses ke fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, kondisi pejamu, serta komorbiditas di luar faktor risiko utama. Analisis menggunakan data sekunder Riskesdas 2013 melalui teknik complex samples regresi logistik dan uji alternatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan perbedaan determinan seroprevalensi HCV pada responden perkotaan dan perdesaan, antara lain: jenis kelamin, status pengangguran kepala keluarga, prediabetes, abnormalitas kadar HDL dan trigliserida, gangguan ginjal, dan malaria. Karena itu, strategi penatalaksanaan hepatitis C di Indonesia memerlukan pendekatan yang berbeda untuk populasi perkotaan dibandingkan dengan perdesaan
Flight hours of unplanned flight and other risk factors affecting exercise habit among commercial pilots in Indonesia
No full textAbstrakLatar belakang: Kebiasaan melakukan latihan fisik antara lain berguna bagi kebugaran fisik serta kognitif, serta mencegah inkapasitasi akibat nyeri punggung bawah, kelelahan, dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kebiasaan latihan fisik pada pilot sipil di Indonesia serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari Survey Terhadap Kebiasaan Hidup Sehat Pilot Sipil di Indonesia Tahun 2016. Pada penelitian ini, yang dianalisis adalah data pilot dengan lisensi CPL dan ATPL. Kebiasaan latihan fisik sesuai dengan rekomendasi latihan fisik American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Data yang diambil meliputi data demografi, pekerjaan, kepuasan hidup, indeks massa tubuh, dan lingkar pinggang. Analisis regresi Cox digunakan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan latihan fisik. Hasil: Di antara 644 data pilot, terdapat 332 data yang memenuhi kriteria. Proporsi pilot sipil yang memiliki kebiasaan latihan fisik yang sesuai rekomendasi adalah 44%. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi latihan fisik adalah usia. Pilot sipil berusia 50 sampai 65 tahun memiliki kebiasaan latihan fisik 40% lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan pilot sipil berusia 20 – 29 tahun (risiko relatif suaian (RRa) 0,60; Interval Kepercayaan (IK) 95% 0,38 – 0,94; P 0,026). Sedangkan jam terbang di luar jadwal dan indeks massa tubuh yang berlebih nampaknya berpengaruh terhadap kebiasaan latihan fisik (secara berurutan: RRa 0,58; IK95% 0,30 – 1,13; P 0,112 dan RRa 0,79; IK95% 0,62 – 1,02; P 0,072). Kesimpulan: Usia, jam terbang di luar jadwal, dan IMT berlebih nampaknya berpengaruh terhadap kebiasan latihan fisik pada pilot sipil di Indonesia. Kata kunci: latihan fisik, jam terbang, pilot sipil, Indonesia Abstract Background: Physical exercise habit has some benefits, among others, for physical fitness and cognitive function, as well as preventing incapacitation events caused by low back pain, fatigue, dan cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to find out the description of physical exercise habit among commercial pilot in Indonesia and its affecting factors. Method: This study was conducted with cross sectional design using secondary data from Healthy Lifestyle Survey of Commercial Pilot in Indonesia Year 2016. In this study, data of pilots with CPL and ATPL was analysed. Physical exercise habit was defined appropriately with American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendation. Data taken were demographic data, job factors, satisfaction of life, body mass index, and waist circumference. Cox regression analysis was used to analyse dominant factors which affect physical exercise habit. Results: Among 644 pilots’ data, there were 332 data met the criteria in this study. Proportion of commercial pilots who had appropriate exercise habit was 44%. Dominant factor which affecting exercise habit was age. Compared to pilots aged 20 to 29 years old, pilots aged 50 to 65 years old had 40% less likely to have exercise habit (adjusted relative aisk (RRa) 0.60; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.38 – 0.94; P 0.026). Moreover, flight hours of unplanned flight and overweight were likely to affect physical exercise habit (consecutively aRR 0.58; 95%CI 0.30 – 1.13; P = 0.112 and aRR 0,79; IK95% 0,62 – 1,02; P 0,072). Conclusion: Age group, flight hours of unplanned flight and overweight were likely to affect exercise habit among commercial pilots in Indonesia. Key words: physical exercise, flight hours, commercial pilot, Indonesia
BESARAN KERAGAMAN DAN KUALITAS KONSUMSI BAHAN MAKANAN PADA IBU HAMIL DI INDONESIA (THE QUALITY AND FOOD DIVERSITY OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN INDONESIA)
No full textABSTRACTLow quantities and qualities of dietary intake have effects on the health and nutritional status of the mother and the infant. The aim is to assess the food diversity and quality of food consumption of pregnant women in Indonesia. The study was cross-sectional survey design covered 33 provinces and 497 districts in Indonesia, and 643 pregnant women were included in this analysis. The food comsumption data was collection assessed using 24 hour recall method. The consumption of seralia and roots 275.8 g and the consumption of the rural mother were higher compared to urban (271.6 g). The consumption of animal protein source group, fruits and milk of urban pregnant women were higher compared to rural pregnant mothers. The food consumption of urban pregnant mother more diversity than rural pregnant mother and the percentage mother who consumed ≥ 5 food groups was 90.7 percent (urban) and 78.4 percent (rural). The energy, protein, and fat intake of urban pregnant women were significantly higher compared to rural mother. The average score pph was 58. 2 and the score was higher in urban (62.6) women compare to rural (53.2). The score will be increase as the food diversity more than 5 food groups and the energy requirement was 100 percent. So was the score of protein intake.ABSTRAK Rendahnya kualitas dan kuantitas makanan merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya masalah gizi pada ibu hamil. Penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran besaran dan keragaman konsumsi bahan makanan pada ibu hamil. Sumber data adalah Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu tahun 2014. Sampel adalah ibu hamil di 33 provinsi sebanyak 643 orang. Jenis dan jumlah bahan makanan yang dikonsumsi dikumpulkan dengan metode recall 24 jam. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rerata konsumsi bahan makanan sumber serealia dan umbi-umbian 275,8 g dan konsumsinya lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil di perdesaan (280,4 g) dibandingkan di perkotaan (271,6g). Makanan sumber hewani, buah dan susu konsumsinya lebih tinggi pada ibu hamil di perkotaan dibandingkan di perdesaan. Ibu hamil di perkotaan konsumsi bahan makanannya lebih beragam dibandingkan ibu hamil di perdesaan. Ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi lebih dan sama dengan 5 jenis kelompok bahan makanan persentasenya lebih tinggi di perkotaan (90,7 %) dibandingkan di perdesaan (78,4 %). Rerata asupan energi, protein dan lemak lebih tinggi secara bermakna pada ibu hamil di daerah perkotaan dibandingkan ibu hamil di perdesaan. Skor pola pangan harapan ibu hamil total 58,2 dan skor pola pangan harapan ibu hamil di perkotaan lebih tinggi (62,6) secara bermakna dibandingkan di perdesaan (53,5). Skor pola pangan harapan (SPPH) akan meningkat bila keragaman konsumsi bahan makanan lebih dari 5 dan kecukupan energinya lebih atau sama dengan 100 persen AKE nya. Skor pola pangan harapan akan meningkat bila keragaman konsumsi bahan makanan lebih dari 5 jenis dan kecukupan proteinnya lebih atau sama dengan 100 persen AKP nya
KONSUMSI MAKANAN PENDUDUK INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI NORMA GIZI SEIMBANG (FOOD CONSUMPTION IN TERM OF THE NORM OF BALANCED NUTRITION)
No full textCurrently Indonesia is facing double burden nutrition problems, undernutrition and overnutrition.The Riskesdas, national basic health survey in 2013 the prevalence of underweight is 19.6 percent and 11.9 percent overweight. One of the causes of malnutrition is a problem in selecting healthy food that can lead to problems in food variety, proportion and adequacy required by the body. The purpose of this analysis is to assess food consumption pattern of the population in both quality and quantity which is a representation of the first pillar of balanced nutrition guide (Pedoman Gizi Seimbang). Data from the Individual Food Consumption Survey (SKMI) in 2014 was used for this analysis. The diversity of food is analyzed based on the types of food consumed, the proportion of consumption data obtained from the consumption of carbohydrate, protein and fat, and the adequacy energy consumption as evaluated based on total energy consumption of the sample compared to Dietary Allowances (RDA). The results showed that only food variety is in better situation than the proportion and energy adequacy Recommendation,nutrition education should be intensified either through formal channel (via schools or other institution) or informal channel (pengajian, arisan, karang taruna, majlis taklim, sekolah minggu di gereja) conveying the messages of balanced nutrition. Saat ini Indonesia disebut menghadapi permasalahan gizi ganda, yaitu adanya masyarakat yang kekurangan gizi, namun sebaliknya ada juga yang kelebihan. Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2013 prevalensi underweight sebesar 19,6 persen dan kegemukan sebesar 11,9 persen. Salah satu penyebab dari kejadian ini adalah adanya kesalahan dalam pola makan yang tidak memperhatikan keragaman, proporsi dan kecukupan energi yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh.Tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana pola konsumsi penduduk baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya yang merupakan cerminan dari pilar pertama gizi seimbang. Analisis ini menggunakan data dari Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI) tahun 2014. Keragaman makanan didapatkan dari data hidangan dan jenis bahan makanan, proporsi konsumsi didapatkan dari data konsumsi bahan makanan sumber karbohidrat (KH), protein dan lemak dan data kecukupan didapatkan dari total energi yang dikonsumsi dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG). Hasil yang didapat dari analisis ini secara umum keragaman konsumsi makanan penduduk di Indonesia sudah baik, namun pada proporsi dan kecukupan konsumsi masih kurang. Saran dari hasil analisis ini adalah perlu digalakkannya pedoman gizi seimbang dan lebih memahami pentingnya menjaga kualitas dan kuantitas konsumsi makanan agar sehat dan terhindar dari penyakit.