e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Profil Candida penyebab kandidemia dan pola kepekaan terhadap anti jamur pada pasien sakit kritis di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusuno
No full textCandida spesies is important cause of nosocomial infection that lead to death and prolonged hospital stay. Guideline management of candidiasis by Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 2009 proposed early antifungal therapy in critical patient with the risk of invasive candidiasis. Early identification of sepsis patien with high risk of fungal infection is challenging because long and low result from blood culture. Antifungal usage without appropriate indication can cause resistance to antifungal. The aim of the study is obtain data candida species that caused candidemia in Cipto Mangunkusuno hospital (RSCM) and sensitivity pattern to antifungal. This retrospective study used patient medical record from 2011-2014. This study had 117 candidemia case in RSCM during 2011-2014. Every year candidemia was dominated by Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, and Candida parapsilosis with trend the increase number of Candida tropicalis since 2013. Susceptibility pattern of Candida that cause candidemia in RSCM from 71 isolat tested the result was86% spesies Candida flukonazol sensitive, 99% vorikonazol sensitive, 97% amfoterisin B sensitive and 100% flusitosin sensitive
Bioekologi Mansonia uniformis dan Peranannya Sebagai Vektor Filariasis
No full textThe Mansonia uniformis (Theobald) mosquito outdoor resting behavior locates in areas such as in between rocks, in leaves covered grass, or in cans with no direct sunlight contact. Its dormant period after blood sucking activities takes 4-5 days afterwards its begin to lay eggs. Adult mosquito could transmit the filarial infective amounting 1-5 times during its lifespan. The mosquito favorite mating environment or habitat are those that consist of swampy areas where most watery plans grow such as Eichornia, Salviniaceae, Pistia, Isachne globosa, I. aquatica and water Graminae. Pools or rice fields that are abandoned with depths reaching 15-100 cm and temperature 24-30○C could occur as a mating ground for Ma. uniformis mosquito. The mosquito eggs are placed underneath pieces of woods or watery plants and hatch in temperature 24-30○C within 4-5 days period. These eggs are also clustered in 49-60 amounts. The larvae and pupae will cover themselves under pieces of woods or watery plants and plant its siphon on the aerenkhim system in order to breathe oxygen. The Ma. uniformis mosquito location spreads all over Africa, India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, North Australia and Indonesia. Whether in Indonesia it covers throughout Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Alor and Irian Jaya
No full textPenyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) hingga saat ini masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. Program pengendalian vektor DBD tampaknya masih merupakan satu-satunya tindakan yang cukup ampuh untuk mengurangi jumlah kasus disebabkan hingga saat ini belum ditemukan vaksin ataupun obat bagi penderita DBD. Salah satu kegiatan penting dalam pengendalian DBD adalah surveilens vektor. Sticky trap merupakan salah satu merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memantau kepadatan vektor. Telah banyak penelitian yang menyatakan keefektifan metode ini. Inovasi dalam pengamatan vektor DBD diperlukan agar pengendalian vektor semakin efektif dan efisien
Deteksi Mutasi gen Voltage Gated Sodium Channel Aedes aegypti sebagai Penanda Resistensi Insektisida Sintetik Piretroid
No full textAedes aegypti merupakan vektor berbagai patogen, diantaranya yellow fever dan virus dengue fever. Lebih dari 100 negara pernah mengalami kasus dan 500 ribu kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dengan rata-rata jumlah kematian sebanyak 24.000 kasus. Sampai saat ini obat maupun vaksin belum ditemukan dan pengendalian vektor merupakan alternatif cara untuk memutus rantai penularan. Penggunaaan insektisida sintetik piretroid pernah berhasil menurunkan kasus tetapi incidence rate beberapa tahun terakhir sulit diturunkan dan terjadi beberapa kejadian luar biasa, diduga terjadi resistensi.Resistensi bisa dideteksi melalui dua cara yaitu melalui deteksi perubahan enzim detoksifikasi dan deteksi mutasi gen voltage gated sodium channel. Deteksi perubahan enzim yaitu deteksi peningkatan kadar enzim yang mendetoksifikasi insektisida sehingga jumlah insektisida menjadi berkurang dan tidak mampu membunuh. Deteksi menggunakan enzim terbukti efektif namun beberapa tahun terakhir dilaporkan kejadian resistensi yang tidak disertai peningkatan enzim detoksifikasi sehingga diduga telah terjadi resistensi yang berhubungan langsung pada sel target insektisida. Cara deteksi insektisida dengan deteksi mutasi gen voltage gated sodium channel (VGSC) dapat menilai langsung perubahan pada sel target tempat kerja insektisida. Mutasi sel target pertama diketahui terjadi pada lalat M. domestica, lalat yang secara enzimatik tidak resistensi namun ternyata telah kebal dengan penyemprotan insektisida, Sampai saat ini telah ditemukan 26 titik mutasi yang berhubungan dengan resistensi VGSC oleh insektisida piretroid, namun pada titik yang berbeda pada masing-masing serangga. Pada Aedes aegypti diketahui mutasi gen terjadi pada tujuh titik mutasi, salah satunya yang berkaitan dengan timbulnya resistensi terhadap insektisida sintetik piretroid akan djelaskan pada penulisan tinjauan pustaka ini
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No full textDeterminan Kepatuhan Berobat Pasien Hipertensi pada Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat I
No full textPuskesmas is a First Level Health Facility Until now, the management of non-communicable diseases which is still a big challenge in Puskesmas is hypertension. One effort that can be done to reduce the morbidity rate of hypertension is the consumption of antihypertensive, but still few patients who adhere to this treatment. This study aims to analyze the determinants of adherence in patients undergoing treatment of hypertension and how it affects blood pressure control of hypertensive patients. This research is an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. This research was conducted in Palembang city from August to October 2017. The samples were patients who went to Puskesmas Karyajaya, Kenten, Plaju, Sei Baung, and Campus which fulfilled the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 90 patients. Data analysis in this research was univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi Square Test. Determinant which influence to adherence in this research was duration of hypertension with POR 0,11 with CI 95% 0,02-0,52 (p value = 0,04). While other determinants of gender, age, education level, occupation, Body Mass Index, BPJS participation, and family history of hypertension have no significant effect on hypertension patient’s treatment compliance. Compliance of patients in undergoing treatment of hypertension is also a determinant that affects the control of blood pressure of respondents. The determinants that affect the adherence in this study are duration of hypertension, thus health workers at first-level facility is very necessary attention to a history of hypertension patients in order to improve therapeutic efficacy.Keyword: Determinan, Adherence, High Blood Pressur
