e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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PENGARUH PAJANAN NITROGEN DIOKSIDA (N02) TERHADAP BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR), DI KOTA PALEMBANG, PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
No full textABSTRACT Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) becomes one of primary variables in several studies to determine its effect on the occurence of Infants with Low Birth Weight (LBW). This study aimed to analyze the association of NO2 exposures in ambient air with the occurrence of babies with LBW in Palembang City using case-control design involving 45 cases and 45 controls. Data of ambient air quality were from the Environment Agency of Palembang including NO2 and co-pollutants (SO2, CO and PM10). Other data were certain information obtained from interview with respondents. Quantitative data were analyzed by chi-square and multiple logistic regressions. The study revealed that NO2 exposures in ambient air during the first trimester associated with the occurrence of LBW (OR: 2.74: 95% CI: 1.16-6.45). Third trimester pregnancy was also associated with the occurrence of LBW (OR: 6.01: 95% CI: 2.29-15.70). The NO2 exposures in ambient air in the third trimester of pregnancy was the variable that mostly affects the babies with LBW after controlled by the CO and PM10 exposures at first trimester; the exposures of SO2, CO and PM10 at second trimester; concomitant diseases during pregnancy; mother’s age at the time of pregnancy; mother’s nutritional status during pregnancy; second-hand tobacco smoke; and exposures of indoor air pollution during pregnancy (OR: 11.51; 95% CI: 2.02- 65.79). Keywords: Nitrogen dioxide, LBW, third trimester pregnancy, air pollution ABSTRAK Nitrogen dioksida (NO2) menjadi salah satu variabel utama dalam beberapa penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap kejadian Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pajanan NO2 di udara ambien dengan kejadian BBLR di Kota Palembang. Disain penelitian adalah studi case control dengan jumlah sampel 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol. Konsentrasi NO2 dan co-pollutant (SO2, CO dan PM10) merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari hasil pengukuran kualitas udara oleh Badan Lingkungan Hidup (BLH) Kota Palembang. Variabel lainnya merupakan data primer yang diperoleh dengan cara wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik ganda. Pajanan NO2 di udara ambien pada trimester pertama kehamilan berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR (OR: 2,74; 95% CI: 1,16 -6,45). Trimester ketiga kehamilan juga berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR (OR: 6,01; 95% CI: 2,29 -15,70). Pajanan NO2 di udara ambien pada trimester ketiga kehamilan merupakan variabel yang paling mempengaruhi BBLR setelah dikontrol oleh variabel pajanan CO dan PM10 pada trimester pertama; pajanan SO2, CO dan PM10 pada trimester kedua kehamilan; penyakit penyerta saat hamil; umur ibu saat hamil; status gizi ibu saat hamil; pajanan asap rokok saat hamil; dan pajanan polusi udara dalam ruangan selama kehamilan (OR: 11,51; 95% CI: 2,02 - 65,79). Kata kunci: Nitrogen dioksida, BBLR, trimester kehamilan ketiga, polusi udar
PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HIV/AIDS AND HIV PREVENTION BEHAVIORS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN INDONESIA
No full textBackground: Personal perception is one of factors that would affect health behavior of individual, including risky sexual behavior, which places university students at risk for HIV infection. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between perceptions about HIV/AIDS and HIV prevention behaviors including abstinence, be faithful, and condom use among university students in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in this study. Data were collected from 296 undergraduate students using self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of AIDS health belief questionnaire (AHBQ) and HIV prevention behaviors questions. Chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: Roughly 36.8% of university students ever had sexual intercourse before married, 53.2% had multiple sexual partners, and 68.8% did not use a condom consistently. Perceived benefits from HIV prevention behaviors and perceived barriers to prevent HIV infection were significantly associated with abstinence (= 6.700, p<.05 and = 7.471, p<.05, respectively), and condom use (= 9.357, p<.01 and = 14.63, p<.01, respectively). However, perceived severity of HIV/AIDS, and perceived susceptibility to HIV/AIDS were not associated with abstinence, be faithful, and condom use. Conclusion: The findings suggest that HIV prevention campaigns should be designed appropriately to improve perceived benefits from HIV prevention behaviors and decrease perceived barriers to prevent HIV infection
Efek Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.)Merr) dan Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol dan Trigliserida Darah pada Tikus Jantan
No full textBawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.)Merr) and Ubi Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) are potential medicinal plant in lowering cholesterol. This study aims to measure the effect of bawang dayak extract and ubi unggu extract on lowering cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels in male rats fed with 10 ml/Kg BW quail egg yolk. The cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels of rats were measured with 50, 100 and 200 mg/Kg BW dose variations for each extract for 14 days. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured at day 15th by ‘Multicare’. As controls were rats fed with 1,26 mg/Kg BW simvastatin, 1 % (b/v) Na-CMC, and normal diet. The data was analyzed by Anova statistical tests and LSD (α = 0,05). The result shows that both extracts can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels with 200mg/Kg BW dose. Bawang dayak extract can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels to 80.8 ± 9.2 mg/dL and 95 ± 7.9 mg/dL, respectively. Ubi ungu extract can reduce cholesterol and triglyceride blood levels to 72 ± 8.2 mg/dL and 86.4 ± 4.3 mg/dL, respectively
Uji Bioavailabilitas Tablet Floating Aspirin
No full textAspirin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with potential as antiplatelet for stroke prophylaxis. Several approaches of aspirin formulations in various dosage forms have been performed. Formulations of aspirin in conventional tablet dosage form often cause gastric irritation. Aspirin is rapidly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially the first small intestine. Therefore formulation of floating drug delivery system are designed to improve the bioavailability of aspirin. The floating system will retain the tablet in stomach, allowing sufficient absorption time for aspirin in stomach and upper intestine. Aim of this study was to determine relative bioavailability of aspirin floating tablets compared to the aspirin enteric coated tablets in rabbits with crossover design method. Serial blood samples were collected from rabbit ear marginal vein over a 10-h period. Drugs concentration in plasma (aspirin and salisylic acid) were determined by HPLC with benzoic acid as internal standard. The results showed that the floating aspirin tablet has better bioavailability with shorter tmax and more uniform of aspirin levels compared to enteric coated tablets, though the parameters AUC and Cpmax both of those products were not significant (p> 0.05)
Pemanfaatan Minyak Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra Linn) sebagai Alternatif Pencegahan Kasus Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut di Pulau Buru
No full textThe Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) is a disease which commonly infects children. Based on Indonesian basic health research 2013, the national and Buru Island's period prevalence of ARIs were 25% and 24,8%. The other side, cajuput oil has been traditionally used to reduce respiratory tract disorders and infections. This research used the ethnographic approach with observation participation and direct communication to collected the data. The results showed a high number in ARIs cases in Buru Island area were affected by many factors, some of them are the lack of Clean and Healthy Behaviour (PHBS) and had a little faith in health services, especially for people who live in the mountain area. It was because of minimum intervention from public health services. This research showed the Cajuput oil was potentially used as an alternative prevention of ARIs in Buru Island by inhalation method. The main content of Melaleuca leucadendra Linn had a benefit to be the mucolytics, bronchodilator, anti-inflammation and antitussive.
Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Masyarakat dalam Memilih Obat yang Aman di Tiga Provinsi di Indonesia
No full textMedicine is an important component that cannot be replaced in health service. Indonesia National Agency of Drug and Food Control conducted survey to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of communities on selecting safe and quality medicines. The aim of the study is to get description KAP of community in choosing a safe medicine. Data were collected in West Java, DKI Jakarta, and South East Sulawesi. Sampling calculation use probability proportional to size sampling and census block. There were 1271 households as samples that analysed. Data results were analysed using descriptive and index analysis. Knowledge relates to criteria of quality medicines, rules for antibiotics use, and medicines logo. Attitude relates to how to select over the counter medicines, reasons of taking traditional medicines, and opinion about giving half dose of adults medicines to children. Practice relates to source of medicines information, the way to buy prescribe medicines, and reading label information. The results showed that KAP of communities on selecting safe and quality medicines close to 50%. According to score of index analysis are 4.65 (1 to 10 scale), it is recommended that information, education, and communication has to be delivered to communities intensively and continuously by the governmen
Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Duku (Lansium domesticum Corr) dari Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dan Jambi
No full textDuku (Lansium domesticum Corr var duku) is a seasonal native plant from South Sumatra and Jambi. Peel of Duku is useful as botanical insecticide. in South Sumatra and Jambi. The research proves that the skin duku can be useful as an insecticide plant. Quality of compounds in plants can be affected by the origin area of plant, body parts of plants, and extract characters. This study aims to characterize the simplicia and duku peel extract from South Sumatra and Jambi Province. The sample were collected from Simpang Agung Village, OKU Selatan District and Rengas Bandung Village, Muaro Jambi District. The peel was extracted using acetone, while the charactherization based on standardization method from Badan POM Indonesia. Non-Specific parameters which measured were water content, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash. Specific parameters which measured were water soluble extract, ethanol soluble extract, chromatogram, and chemical compound. Simplicia from Simpang Agung Village contain lower water content, water soluble ash, and acid insoluble ash than simplicia from Rengas Bandung Village. Chromatogram pattern of the peel extract from both village were similar and contain terpenoid and fenolic compound. However hexane yield extract from Simpang Agung Village higher than extract from Rengas Bandung Village therefore contain more insecticides material (terpenoid