e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Konfirmasi Nyamuk Anopheles sebagai Vektor Malaria dengan Elisa di Desa Pinamula Kec. Momunu Kab. Buol
No full textone of the important part to find an appropriate malaria control in high endemic areas is detertnine the status of malaria vectors. ELISA test methods used to determine the status of malaria vectors. Buol District is one of regencies in Central Sulawesi that has malaria problem. The number of clinical malaria (Annual Malaria Incidence) is always in the position Medium Insidence Area (MM). Collecting mosquitoes were conducted in December 2006 in Pinamula Wllage. Mosquito collection is done by using landing collections conducted indoors, outdoors, housewall and around cattle startedfrom A6:0A PM to 06:00 AM. Enzyme linked Immunosorbance Assay (ELISA) test was pedorrned on all Anopheles samples. Ihe result showed that three pools positive identified as P and 10 pools positive falciparum identified as P. vivax (Total 66 pools (sinks) for testing P falciparum and P Wvax.). An. barbirostris and An.tesselatus were confi.rrned as vectors ofmalaria and confirmed positive as P.falcifarum and P vivax. whereas An. peditaeniatus and An. vagus only positive as-P vivax
Identifikasi Serkaria Trematoda dan Keong Hospes Perantara pada Ekosistem Perairan Rawa Tiga Kabupaten di Kalimantan Selatan
No full textAreas with swamp aquatic ecosystem types which covers three districts in South Kalimantan holds the potential transmission of trematode worms into humans. Swamp waters inundated most of the year are very good conditions for the development of the snail population that have become an intermediate host of trematodes. Humans can be infected by trematodes if swallowing infective forms contained in the water or aquatic plants. This study aimed to identify the presence of trematode worms in the cercaria form and type of snails become intermediate host around the settlements. The study was an explorative study with cross-sectional design that conducted in June 2015. Snail sampling conducted in Sungai Papuyu, Sungai Buluh and Pihanin Raya village by hand collecting methods. Methods to find serkaria on snail was done by crushing techniques. The results of sampling over three villages showed there were six genus snail namely, Pomacea, Bellamya, Indoplanorbis, Lymnaea, Gyraulus and Melanoides. There were two types of cercariae namely : Gymnocephalus cercariae and Ocelifera cercariae was found in snail Pomacea, Bellamyâ and Gyraulus in Sungai Papuyu Village and Pihanin Raya Village, whereas in Sungai Buluh Village not found infected snail. In conclusion, this study proves the peoples and livestock in Sungai Papuyu Village and Pihanin Raya Village in South Kalimantan potentially infected with trematodes. Further research need to be done in the form of worm disease examination to villagers that potentially infected with trematodes to confirm these current research findings.Wilayah dengan tipe ekosistem perairan rawa yang mencakup tiga kabupaten di Kalimantan Selatan menyimpan potensi penularan cacing trematoda pada manusia. Perairan rawa yang tergenang hampir sepanjang tahun merupakan kondisi yang sangat baik bagi perkembangan populasi keong yang dapat menjadi hospes perantara trematoda. Manusia dapat terinfeksi trematoda jika menelan bentuk infektif yang terdapat di air maupun tanaman air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan cacing trematoda dalam bentuk serkaria serta mengidentifikasi jenis keong yang menjadi hospes perantara di sekitar pemukiman penduduk. Penelitian merupakan studi eksploratif dengan desain potong lintang yang dilaksanankan pada tahun 2015. Sampling keong dilakukan di Desa Sungai Papuyu, Sungai Buluh dan Pihanin Raya dengan metode hand collecting. Serkaria pada keong dideteksi dengan teknik crushing. Hasil sampling di ketiga desa didapatkan enam genus keong yaitu Pomacea, Bellamya, Indoplanorbis, Lymnaea, Gyraulus dan Melanoides. Di Desa Sungai Papuyu ditemukan Gymnocephalus cercariae dan Ocelifera cercariae pada keong Pomacea dan Bellamya, di Desa Pihanin Raya ditemukan Gymnocephalus cercariae pada keong Gyraulus, sedangkan di Desa Sungai Buluh tidak ditemukan keong yang positif serkaria. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penduduk dan ternak di daerah perairan rawa Desa Sungai Papuyu, dan Desa Pihanin Raya di Kalimantan Selatan berpotensi terinfeksi cacing trematoda. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan berupa pemeriksaan kecacingan pada penduduk desa yang berpotensi terinfeksi cacing trematoda untuk konfirmasi temuan tersebut
Pengetahuan Masyarakat Lindu terkait Schistosomiasis di Kabupaten Sigi Sulawesi Tengah
No full textSchistosomiasis is still a public health problem in Lindu. The community knowledge related to schistosomiasis is necessary to understand. It can be used by the decision maker in making and conducting schistosomiasis control program. This study wanted to describe the community knowledge related to schistosomiasis. This was a qualitative study with a purposive sampling. The data were collected by interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on main figures in Lindu. The results showed that most people knew the cause of schistosomiasis. However, the prevalence of schistosomiasis has still fluctuated because some people were still not using protective equipment, such as boot when they had activities in paddy field or cocoa farm. Many people choose taking medication if they found positive for schistosomiasis over using boots for preventive measure. In conclusion, people knowledge related to schistosomiasis in Lindu are considerately good. However, it is not followed by their behavior in the prevention of schistosomiasis to protect themselves and their family. People's habit of not using any protective equipment, such as boots when they are going to paddy fields or cocoa farms allow transmission of schistosomiasis continues to occur. Schsitosomiasis masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat Lindu. Pengetahuan warga terkait schistosomiasis sangat perlu diketahui. Data terkait pengetahuan masyarakat Lindu tentang schistosomiasis dapat digunakan oleh penentu kebijakan kesehatan dalam melakukan intervensi schistosomiasis. Tujuan Penelitian untuk menggambarkan pengetahuan masyarakat Lindu terkait schistosomiasis. Desain penelitian kualitatif, penarikan sampel secara purposive sampling. Cara pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada tokoh-tokoh masyarakat Lindu. Hasil FGD menunjukkan rata–rata warga Lindu telah mengetahui penyebab schistosomiasis berasal dari keong (susu). Masih ada sebagian masyarakat Lindu khususnya petani tidak melakukanvpencegahan dengan menggunakan sepatu bot saat beraktivitas di sawah ataupunvmelewati areal fokus keong. Hasil wawancara mendalam dan FGD, warga Lindu sudahdibiasakan dengan kegiatan survei tinja dan pengobatan setiap enam bulan, sehinggavkecenderungan untuk melakukan pencegahan masih sangat kurang dilakukan. Warga lebih memilih melakukan pencegahan dengan pengobatan medis tanpa melakukan perilaku positif yaitu penggunaan sepatu bot saat berada di sawah dan kebun. Pengetahuan warga Lindu terkait schistosomiasis cukup baik, namun perilaku pencegahan untuk melindungi diri dan keluarga masih sangat kurang dilakukan. Kebiasaan masyarakat yang tidak menggunakan alat pelindung diri saat berada disawah dan kebun, memungkinkan penularan schistosomiasis terus terjadi
Konsentrasi Protein Antigen Ekskretori-Sekretori Fasciola Gigantica Asal Sapi Lokal Kabupaten Sigi, Sulawesi Tengah
No full textFasciolosis is a parasitic disease that caused by liver flukewormfromTrematode class and Fasciola genus with two important species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica (F.gigantica). Early diagnosis of fasciolosis can be detected by ELISA method to recognize antibody used antigen capture or known as coproantigen. Concentrations test on protein antigen (Ag) exretory-secretory (ES) of F. gigantica was conducted in September 2010. Antigen ES used in this test, is an AgES which had been produced in previous research. ES antigens can be used as a material for producing antibodies and as an ingredient in the ELISA test. The purpose of this studywas to determine the protein concentration of bovine AgESFg taken fromlocal cattle in Sigi district. The studywas an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. Samples of infected cattle liver were randomly taken from the Sigi Biromaru abattoir (slaughterhouse). ESFg antigens produced by collecting worms F. gigantica from Sigi local cattle and then isolated and incubated using RPMI culture medium for four hours at 370C. ESFg antigens characterized using Bradford method. Characterization produced AgES from three times collections of worms F. gigantica with obtained concentration were 0430, 0459, 0699 mg/ml within an average of 0.18 mg/worm. Therefore, it can be concluded that the protein concentration were 0,430- 0,699 mg/ml AgESFg taken from local cattle in Sigi district can be used as a material for producing antibodiesand asaningredient in the ELISA test
Kerentanan Nyamuk Anopheles sundaicus terhadap Insektisida Cypermethrin di Kabupaten Ciamis Provinsi Jawa Barat
No full textAt the vector populutions are high and malaria transmission is ongoing. lt is necessary to control the vector that can show quick results with insecticide spraying. To determine the level of malaria vector mosquito susceptibility to insecticides, it has been carried out the test of susceptibility the Anopheles sundaicus mosquitoes against insecticides cypermethrin in the district of Ciamis. Mosquito susceptibility testing were conducted using WHO susceptibility test kit with four repetitions performed simultaneously, while the insecticides used is the impragnated paper with a dose of 0.05%. The mosquitoes were captured from at Babakan village of Pangandaran district Ciamis, then maintained at insektarium of Loka Litbang P2B2 Ciamis untill adult stages, further breeding sites tested the level of susceptibility. The test was resulted, the death rate of mosquitoes test after correction with Abbottt formula which shows the mosquitoes had been tolerant to insecticides cypermenthrin. In order to effictively kill the malaria vector, the dosage should be increased from the recommended dose (0.20 gram/m2) up to 0.211gram/m2. The 7% increase in dose is intended that thenumber of mosquitoes An. sundaicus of dead could reach 95% or more. lt was concluded,mosquito Anopheles sundaicus in Ciamis regency of West Java, was tolerant to insecticides Cypermenthrin
FORMULASI SEDIAAN SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT (Curcuma longa Linn)
No full textABSTRAK Rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn) mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, kurkumin, minyak atsiri, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid. Kurkumin dan minyak atsiri telah terbukti bersifat antioksidatif dan antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula sediaan salep ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn) yang baik dengan variasi dasar salep. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium. Dasar salep yang digunakan yaitu dasar salep hidrokarbon dan dasar salep serap. Penyarian ekstrak rimpang kunyit dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Salep ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit dibuat sebanyak 4 sediaan dengan 2 basis salep yang berbeda. Masing-masing basis dibuat dengan konsentrasi 4% dan 8%. Pembuatan sediaan salep menggunakan metode peleburan. Evaluasi sediaan salep dilakukan uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, daya lekat, uji iritasi dan peninggalan bekas warna terhadap kulit sukarelawan. Hasil pengujian semua sediaan salep basis hidrokarbon dan basis serap dengan konsentrasi 4% dan 8% memenuhi parameter kualitas uji organoleptis, homogenitas, daya lekat dan uji pH. Untuk pengujian daya sebar salep basis hidrokarbon konsentrasi 4% dan 8% memenuhi parameter daya sebar, sedangkan basis salep serap hanya konsentrasi 4% yang memenuhi parameter uji daya sebar. Semua sediaan salep ekstrak etanol rimpang kunyit tidak mengiritasi dan juga tidak meninggalkan bekas warna terhadap kulit sukarelawan. ABSTRACT Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, curcumin, essential oils, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Curcumin and essential oils have been proven to be antioxidative and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to obtain an ointment preparation formula ethanol extract turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) were good with a variety ointment base. This type of research is a laboratory experiment. Ointment base used is a hydrocarbon ointment base and absorptive ointment base. Essence of turmeric rhizome extract is done by maceration method using ethanol 96%. Ethanol extract of turmeric ointment made as many as 4 stocks with 2 different ointment base. Each base is made with a concentration of 4% and 8%. Preparation of ointments using fusion method. Evaluation of ointment preparations conducted organoleptic tests, homogeneity, pH, dispersive power, adhesion, irritation test and relics of the former color on the skin of volunteers. The test results of all the stocks ointment bases and base hydrocarbon absorbent with a concentration of 4% and 8% meet the quality parameters organolepis test, homogeneity, adhesion and test the pH. For testing of the spread ointment base hydrocarbon concentration of 4% and 8% meet the parameters of the spread, while the absorptive ointment base concentration is only 4%, which meets the test parameters of the spread. All preparations ointment ethanol extract of turmeric does not irritate and does not leave marks on the skin color of volunteer
Hubungan pengetahuan ibu tentang diare dan perilaku memasak air minum dengan kejadian diare balita di Puskesmas Baringin Kabupaten Tapin tahun 2014
No full textAbstract.Diarrhea is still a health problem in Indonesia particularly those that occur at the age of toddler or children as it can cause mortality. The objective of this study was to find out the relationship among mother’s knowledge and their practice in cooking domestic drinking water with the incidence of diarrhea in toddler that treated in Baringin Public Health Center. This study was analytic method with cross sectional approach, data were collected by questionnaire. There were 80 respondent mother who had brought their toddlers at Baringin Public Health Center in the period January - July 2014 and resided in the Baringin Public Health Center working area. Statistical analysis showed that all knowledge variable and practice of mother in cooking domestic drinking water have a significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddler (p < 0,05). Based on the results, we suggest to increase the implementation of health information by health center mainly about diarrheal disease and the importance of good hygiene practices, as well as boiling drinking water properly to prevent of diarrhea.Keyword: diarrhea, toddler, knowledge, drinking waterAbstrak.Diare masih merupakan masalah kesehatan di Indonesia terutama yang terjadi pada usia balita karena dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu balita dan kebiasaan ibu balita dalam memasak air minum rumah tangga dengan kejadian diare pada balita yang berobat di Puskesmas Baringin. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dan desain cross sectional, dengan besar sampel sejumlah 80 responden ibu balita yang pernah membawa balitanya berobat di Puskesmas Baringin pada periode bulan Januari – Juli tahun 2014 dan berdomisili di desa wilayah kerja Puskesmas Baringin. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara semua variabel pengetahuan ibu serta perilaku memasak air minum dengan kejadian diare pada balita yang berobat di Puskesmas Baringin pada bulan Januari – Juli tahun 2014 (p < 0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan adanya peningkatan pelaksanaan penyuluhan kesehatan oleh Puskesmas terutama seputar penyakit diare dan pentingnya perilaku hidup bersih serta memasak air minum dengan benar sebagai usaha pencegahan diare.Kata Kunci: diare, balita, pengetahuan, air minu
Malaria in Indonesia: beyond elimination
No full textAbstract.Malaria is a common problem in Indonesia and lasts for a long time. Efforts of various parties in combating thedisease are huge enough as well as problems that appear before and after. Various efforts of epidemiological studies of eachregion, models of prevention, until treatment in the downstream sector became the determinant of the success of the malariaelimination program. However, assistance from related sectors includes: improving local infrastructure; Education of thecommunity to live clean and healthy; Improvement of environmental sanitation; and development of communication system in theeffort of behavior change and active community empowerment in controlling this disease. In this paper the authors wish to inv iteresearchers, lecturers, students, medical practitioners and epidemiological surveyor to contribute in conveying ideas, modeldevelopment efforts, and interventions which are significant to the development of science and control of malaria in Indonesi a.Keywords: malaria, elimination, effort, community empowerment, research.Abstrak.Malaria merupakan masalah umum di Indonesia dan berlangsung sejak lama. Upaya berbagai pihak dalammemberantas penyakit ini cukup besar sekaligus permasalahan yang muncul sebelum dan setelahnya. Berbagai upayakajian epidemiologi setiap wilayah, model-model penanggulangan, hingga pengobatan di sektor hilir menjadi penentukeberhasilan program eliminasi malaria. Namun begitu, bantuan dari sektor terkait antara lain: perbaikan infrastrukturdaerah; edukasi masyarakat hidup bersih dan sehat; perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan; dan pengembangan sistem komunikasidalam upaya perubahan perilaku serta pemberdayaan aktif masyarakat dalam mengendalikan penyakit ini. Dalam tulisanini penulis ingin mengajak para peneliti, dosen, mahasiswa, praktisi medis dan surveilans untuk berkontribusi dalammenyampaikan gagasan, upaya pengembangan model, dan intervensi yang bermakna signifikan bagi pengembangan ilmudan pengendalian malaria di Indonesia.Kata kunci: malaria, eliminasi, upaya, pemberdayaan masyarakat, penelitian