e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Efek Larvasida Metabolit Sekunder Beauveria bassiana Terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes aegypti
No full textAbstractAedes aegypti is a major vector of Dengue, a deadly disease causing death of millions of people in developing countries both in urban and rural populations. Ae. aegypti control using chemical insecticide was always done and lead to a widespread insecticide resistance. So, mosquito biological control was needed to replace the usage of chemical insecticide. An experimental study using completely Randomized Design was conducted during March-April 2016 at Balai Litbang P2B2 Banjarnegara. A biolarvicide formula was made from Beauveria bassiana secondary metabolite which propagated by The Bacteriology Laboratory of Balai Litbang P2B2 Banjarnegara. In the experimental method, four concentrations of biolarvacide formula (2%, 4%, 8% and16%) were exposed to 3rd instar of Ae.aegypti larvae for eight days. The result showed that exposure of biolarvacide formula causing larval mortality which started on the 1st day exposure. This result showed that secondary metabolite of B. bassiana contains some larvacidal compounds.Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, secondary metabolite, Aedes aegyptiAbstrakAedes aegypti merupakan vektor utama Dengue, penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian jutaan orang di negara-negara berkembang, baik pada populasi perkotaan dan pedesaan. Pengendalian Ae. aegypti menggunakan insektisida kimia selalu dilakukan dan menyebabkan resistensi insektisida secara luas. Oleh karena itu, pengendalian nyamuk secara biologis diperlukan untuk menggantikan penggunaan insektisida kimia. Penelitian eksperimental dengan disain rancangan acak lengkap dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2016 di Balai Litbang P2B2 Banjarnegara. Formula insektisida hayati dibuat dari metabolit sekunder jamur Beauveria bassiana. Metode eksperimen, menggunakan empat konsentrasi formula larvasida hayati (2%, 4%, 8% dan 16%) dipaparkan pada larva Ae.aegypti selama delapan hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula larvasida hayati menyebabkan kematian larva instar III Ae.aegypti. Kematian larva uji dimulai pada hari pertama. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa dalam metabolit sekunder jamur B. bassiana terdapat senyawa yang memiliki efek larvasida.Kata Kunci: Beauveria bassiana, metabolit sekunder, Aedes aegypt
Strategi Pengendalian Hospes Perantara Schistosomiasis
No full textAbstract Schistosomiasis is snails intermediated disease that infects humans and other mammals. Schistosomiasis distributed in various parts of Asia, Africa and America. Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is only found in the highlands of Napu, Lindu and Bada, Central Sulawesi. Intermediate snail of schistosomiasis in Indonesia is Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. Schistosomiasis control strategies in many countries are generally conducted by controlling intermediate snail using mechanic ways, molluscicide, and biological control. Development of vaccines and better diagnostic techniques are expected to help reduce infection in humans. Some basic research about molecular aspect of schistosomiasis have been conducted to understand the interactions between snails and parasites, as well as the identification of genes that are expected to lead the snail resistant to infection. Key words: Schistosomiasis, snail, molluscicidesAbstrakSchistosomiasis merupakan salah satu penyakit yang diperantarai oleh keong yang menginfeksi manusia dan hewan mamalia lain. Schistosomiasis tersebar di berbagai wilayah kawasan Asia, Afrika dan Amerika. Schistosomiasis di Indonesia hanya ditemukan di dataran tinggi Napu, Lindu dan Bada, Sulawesi Tengah. Keong perantara schistosomiasis di Indonesia adalah Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis. Strategi pengendalian schistosomiasis di berbagai negara pada umumnya dilakukan dengan pengendalian keong perantaranya, baik secara mekanik, kimia dan biologi. Pengembangan vaksin dan teknik diagnosis yang lebih baik diharapkan dapat membantu pengurangan infeksi pada manusia. Beberapa penelitian dasar bidang molekuler telah dilakukan untuk memahami interaksi antara keong dan parasit, serta identifikasi gen yang diharapkan dapat menyebabkan keong resisten terhadap parasit.Kata kunci: Schistosomiasis, keong, moluskisid
Survei Jentik Tersangka Vektor Chikungunya Di Desa Batumarta Unit 2 Kecamatan Lubuk Raja Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu Tahun 2009
No full textChikungunya merupakan penyakit yang diawali dengan gejala seperti demam mendadak, nyeri pada persendian terutama sendi lutut, pergelangan, jari kaki dan tangan serta tulang belakang yang disertai ruam (kumpulan bintik-bintik kemerahan) pada kulit. Gejala lainnya yang dapat dijumpai adalah nyeri otot, sakit kepala, menggigil, kemerahan pada konjungtiva, pembesaran kelenjar getah bening di bagian leher, mual, muntah dan kadang-kadang disertai dengan gatal ruam. Belum pernah dilaporkan adanya kematian karena penyakit ini. Penyebab chikungunya adalah virus chikungunya, kelompok Alphavirus ”group A” antropho borne virus. Virus ini telah berhasil diisolasi di berbagai daerah di Indonesia
Pengobatan Filariasis di Desa Buru Kaghu Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya
No full textAbstract Lymphatic filariasis is caused by filarial worm (W. bancrofti, B. malayi and B. timori) which infects the lymph tissue. The specific objective of filariasis elimination programme was to decrease microfilariae (Mf) rate by less than 1% in each district or city, preventing and limiting disability by using treatment Diethiylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC) and Albendazole. This study uses secondary data obtained from Health Departement of Southwest Sumba district and Tenateke health centers. This review aimed to evaluate lymphatic filariasis treatment in Buru Kughu Village, South Wewewa Subdistrict. Lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration dose is 100 mg DEC and albendazole 400 mg. Mass drug administration coverage in Buru Kaghu Village was 95,10% larger than Southwest Sumba Distric (48,87%), Mf rate of 0% in 2013, with the provision of individualized treatment dose DEC 100mg, three times daily for 10 days and Chronic Disease Rate (CDR) of 1.39%. Treatment of lymphatic filariasis in the village managed to decrease mf rate less than 1% thus declared as non endemic areas of lymphatic filariasis. Counseling was needed to alleviate the suffering caused by lymphatic filariasis through morbidity management and disability prevention.Keywords: Mass drug administration, Individual treatment, lymphatic filariasis, Buru Kaghu VillageAbstrakFilariasis adalah penyakit parasit yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria (W. bancrofti, B. malayi, B. timori) yang menginfeksi jaringan limfe. Tujuan khusus program eliminasi filariasis adalah menurunkan angka mikrofilaria menjadi kurang dari 1% dari setiap kabupaten/kota serta mencegah dan membatasi kecacatan melalui pemberian pengobatan Diethiylcarbamazine Citrat (DEC) dan albendazole. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari hasil survei Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya dan Puskesmas Tenateke. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk mengetahui keberhasilan pelaksanaan pengobatan filariasis di Desa Buru Kaghu, Kecamatan Wewewa Selatan. Pada pengobatan massal filariasis dosis obat yang diberikan yaitu DEC 100 mg dan albendazole 400 mg. Angka pencapaian cakupan pengobatan massal filariasis dan keberhasilannya di desa Buru Kughu (95,10%) lebih besar dibandingkan dengan cakupan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya (48,87%), Mf rate tahun 2013 sebesar 0% dan Cronic Disease Rate (CDR) sebesar 1,39%. Pengobatan filariasis di desa tersebut berhasil menurunkan Mf rate <1% sehingga dinyatakan sebagai daerah non endemis filariasis. Perlunya pemberian penyuluhan untuk meringankan penderitaan yang disebabkan oleh filariasis limfatik melalui perawatan dan pencegahan kecacatan.Kata Kunci: Pengobatan Massal, Pengobatan Individual, Filariasis, Desa Buru Kagh
HUBUNGAN SELF MANAGEMENT PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II DENGAN KADAR GULA DARAH DI RUMAH SAKIT KOTA BANDA ACEH
No full textABSTRAK Upaya yang sangat penting dilakukan oleh penderita diabetes mellitus adalah dengan mengatur pola makan (diet), olahraga/aktifitas fisik, dan pengontrolan kadar gula darah secara rutin hal ini dinamakan dengan self management.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan self management pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II dengan kadar gula darah di Poliklinik Endokrin Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh.Penelitian ini bersifat deksriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara Kuota Sampling. Instrumen penelitian adalah kuesioner, data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara dan observasidi Poliklinik Endokrin Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh pada bulan Agustus 2015. Data dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat, dengan uji statistik chi-square test dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,05 (95%).Didapatkan bahwa self management pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II berada pada kategori kurang baik , yaitu 13 responden (52%), sedangkan tingkat kadar gula darah (KGD) sebagian besar berada pada kategori tidak normal, yaitu 13 responden (52%).Dari hasil uji statistik diperoleh nilai 0,001 (<0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa adahubungan self management pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II dengan kadar gula darah di Poliklinik Endokrin Rumah Sakit Umum dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. ABSTRACT The disease affected the woman more than the man. The most important efforts to do by patient with diabetic were diet, exercise/physical activity, and control the sugar blood level routinely. Those efforts were commonly called self- management.The aim of the research was to find out the correlation between self-management of patient with diabetic types II with blood sugar level at Endokrin Polyclinic of dr. ZainoelAbidin General Hospital Banda Aceh.The research was descriptive analytic with cross sectional design. The research samples were 32 patients with diabetes mellitus type II chosen by quota sampling. The research was conducted at Polyclinic Endokrin of dr. ZainoelAbidil General Hospital Banda Aceh started from August 2015. The research found that the “self-management” of patient with diabetes mellitus type II categorized not good of 13 respondents (52%), while the blood sugar which categorize not normal also came from 13 respondents (52%). The statistic test showed that the value was on 0,001 (<0,05),therefore it concluded that there was correlation between self-management of patient with diabetic types II with blood sugar level at Endokrin Polyclinic of dr. ZainoelAbidin General Hospital Banda Aceh in 2015
Prevalensi Soil Transmitted Helminth di 10 sekolah dasar Kecamatan Labuan Kabupaten Donggala Sulawesi
No full textAbstract.Intestinal worm infections in children of primary school age is the highest prevalence in the case of worm infestation, especially in group Soil Transmitted helminths (STH) infections that lumbricoides Ascaris (roundworm), Hook worms (hookworms) and Trichiuris trichiura (whipworm). As a result of this worm infection can affect child growth and development, among others, the nutritional status, memory, and anemia. The research looked at the rate of intestinal worm infections in children in ten primary schools in the Labuan district Donggala regency, Central Sulawesi. The research was conducted in the month of January 2012, 241 samples were obtained using cluster sampling method is simple: the entire elementry school in the Labuan district randomized to then selected 10 primary and elementary school children throughout the class IV, V and VI were sampled. The activity was a survey stool, stool samples were collected checked by using the direct method. Results of the study are of 241 stool samples examined elementry school children 9,13% of girls infected with intestinal worms and 7.88% boys, with the highest incidence at SDN 1 Labuan is 44.44% with the highest worm species was Ascaris lumricoides (roundworm) 6.22%. It was concluded that the intestinal worm infections in children grade IV, V, and VI in Labuan district occurs more frequently in girls, with the highest infection at SDN 3 Labuan was almost half of the total sample.Keywords : Intestinal worm, Children of primary school, Soil transmitted helminth.Abstrak.Infeksi cacing usus pada anak usia sekolah dasar merupakan prevalensi tertinggi dalam kasus kecacingan terutama pada golongan Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) yaitu infeksi Ascaris lumricoides (cacing gelang), Hook worm (cacing tambang) dan Trichiuris trichiura (cacing cambuk). Akibat dari infeksi kecacingan ini dapat mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak antara lain pada status gizi, daya ingat, dan anemia. Penelitian ini melihat prevalensi cacing usus pada anak di sepuluh sekolah dasar di Kecamatan labuan kabupaten Donggala Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di bulan Januari 2012, sebanyak 241 sampel diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode cluster sampling sederhana yaitu seluruh Sekolah Dasar di kecamatan labuan diacak untuk kemudian dipilih 10 SD dan seluruh anak SD kelas IV, V dan VI diambil sebagai sampel. Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah survei tinja, sampel tinja yang terkumpul diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode langsung (direct). Hasil penelitian yaitu dari 241 sampel tinja anak sekolah dasar yang diperiksa ditemukan sebanyak 17% terinfeksi kecacingan, prevalensi kecacingan pada anak perempuan sebanyak 9,13% dan 7,88% pada anak laki-laki. Prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan pada SDN 1 Labuan yaitu 44,44%, sedangkan spesies cacing terbanyak yaitu pada jenis cacing Ascaris lumricoides (cacing gelang) 6,22%. Disimpulkan bahwa infeksi cacing usus pada anak SD kelas IV, V, dan VI di Kecamatan labuan lebih banyak terjadi pada anak perempuan, dengan infeksi tertinggi di SDN 3 Labuan yaitu hampir setengah dari jumlah sampel.Kata kunci : Kecacingan, Anak Sekolah Dasar, Soil Transmitted Helminth
FAKTOR SOSIAL EKONOMI YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KADAR IODIUM DALAM GARAM RUMAH TANGGA
No full textBackground. Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on human growthand development. WHO (2007) recommends the use of iodized salt for IDDprevention, because is easily obtained, cheap, and all levels of society consumedit.The identification of social, economy, knowledge, attitude, and practice thatinfluence the used to iodized salt is essential. It would allow us to formulate betterintervention measures. Objective. To understand the relationship between socialeconomic factor, knowledge and attitude about iodized salt, together with practice inhousehold. Methods. This is a cross sectional study to 211 child bearing age 15-45years old. Samples selected by random sampling from 3 villages in Ngombol district,Purworejo area. Results. Age, education, income, knowledge, attitude, and practicein utilizing iodized salt had significant relationship with iodized salt in household (R2 =0.078 ; p<0.05). Practice (beta 0.197 p = 0.007) in utilizing iodized salt was the mostdominant factor that could influence iodized salt content in household. Conclusion.Practice in utilizing iodized salt was the most dominant factor that could influenceiodized salt content in household. The better practice in utilizing iodized salt thehigher the iodine content in household salt.Keywords: attitude, economic, knowledge, practice, socia
KOMPOSISI GIZI, INDEKS WARNA PUTIH, DAN PROFIL GRANULA PATI PADA MODIFIED CASSAVA FLOUR (MOCAF) YANG DIFORTIFIKASI DENGAN IODIUM
No full textBackground. Modified cassava flour (Mocaf), high amylose carbohydrate source, was made from available easy to find cassava. It used as the vehicle for potassium iodide (KIO3) in iodization program for IDD alleviation. Objectives. To analyze nutritional composition at various KIO3 concentration, to evaluate brightness (L*) and whiteness index (WI) at different KIO3 and package type during storage, and to analyze starch granule profile. Method. This study is a complete randomized experiment. Mocaf was separated and packed into several types of material packages made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and aluminum foil (AF). Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan test. Results. There were no significant differences among moisture, ash, protein, and fat content from various KIO3 concentrations (p>0.05), however starch and amylose showed significant differences (p<0.05). The range of sample compositions were11.57±0.05-11.73±0.09% wb moisture, 0.91±0.02-1.00±0.01% db ash, 1.13±0.008-1.16±0.02% db protein, fat content around 0.35±0.005% dB at all fortification concentrations, 88.61±0.05–91.50±0.18% db starch, and 31.91±0.25–33.76±0.15% db amylose. The level of brightness (L*) among samples packed in PE, PP, and AL was significantly different (p<0.05), at a range of 88.59±0.22-89.45±0.21%, 88.83±0.13-89.62±0.10%, and 89.36±0.44-89.97±0.01%, respectively. Whiteness index (WI) for those packed in PE, PP, and AL was also significantly different (p<0.05), at a range of 87.02±0.29 – 90.56±0.07%, 87.12±0.21% - 90.58±0.62%, and 87.42±0.45 – 91.27±0.19%, respectively. The starch granule of mocaf was round, oval, and partially truncated, with particle size ranged between 1.523 - 20.464 μm. Conclusion. KIO3 fortified mocaf had similar nutritional composition at various fortification levels and packages, with good brightness (L*) and whiteness index(WI). Recommendation. Mocaf is feasible as wheat flour substitution and fortification vehicle alternative for iodization