e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Prevalensi Malaria pada Daerah Perkebunan Cokelat di Desa Malino Kecamatan Marawola, Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah
No full textPenelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Malino, suatu desa di Kabupaten Donggala dan merupakan daerah endemis malaria. Penduduk Desa Malino sebagian besar tinggal di daerah perkebunan cokelat yang dikelola oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional study untuk melihat jumlah penderita malaria selama penelitian berlangsung. Sampel diperoleh dari kegiatan Mass Blood Survey terhadap seluruh penduduk yang berada di Desa Malino. Hasil penelitian meunjukkan sebanyak 44 orang menderita malaria dan l l diantaranya adalah anak-anak golongan umur l-5 tahun. Spesies plasmodium yang paling banyak ditemukan adalahPlasmodium vivax (Pv) 26 kasus. Mengingat masyarakat tinggal berdekatan dengan lingkungan/tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Anopheles, maka diharapkan masyarakat mengindari kontak dengan vektor melalui penggunaan zat penolak nyamuk dan tidur memakai kelambu serta mengurangi kegiatan di luar rumah hingga larut malam
Analisis Spasial Kerentanan Wilayah Terhadap Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Umbulharjo Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2013
No full textDengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in the world, particularly in developing countries. Five Hundred Thousand cases of DHF were reported every year in hospitals with 22.000 deaths because of DHF (CFR=4.4%). From January to March 2013, 85 cases of DHF were reported in Umbulharjo Health Center. The objective of this study was to know the area vulnerability to DHF and to identify the relationship between rainfall, population density, HI, BI, MI, and DHF cases. This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. GIS was used to identify DHF cases, the presence of Aedes larva, and area vulnerability to DHF. Therefore, the environmental condition which influenced DHF cases and area vulnerability to DHF can be explained visually. Chi-square analysis was used for bivariate analysis. Total of 96 respondents was selected as samples. Rainfall and MI were related to DHF cases (p-value < 0.05), however HI, BI, and population density were not related. All four villages in Umbulharjo Health Center were vulnerable to DHF and have a high endemic vulnerability because DHF cases were reported every year. Many mosquito's breeding places were found during rainfall season because of the lack of environmental hygiene of the community Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia, terutama di negara berkembang. Lima ratus ribu kasus DBD memerlukan perawatan di rumah sakit dengan 22.000 kasus kematian (CFR : 4,4 %). Dari Januari hingga Maret 2013, telah terjadi 85 kasus DBD di wilayah Puskesmas Umbulharjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat kerawanan wilayah terhadap kejadian DBD, hubungan curah hujan, kepadatan penduduk, HI, BI dan MI dengan kejadian DBD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penggunaan SIG dilakukan untuk identifikasi kejadian DBD, keberadaan larva Aedes, serta tingkat kerawanan wilayah terhadap kejadian DBD. Sehingga, dapat dijelaskan secara visual mengenai kondisi lingkungan yang mempengaruhi kejadian DBD serta wilayah rentan kejadian DBD. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebermaknaan secara statistik menggunakan uji chi square. Sampel penelitian 96 responden. Variabel yang secara statistik berhubungan dengan kejadian DBD yaitu MI dan curah hujan (p-value < 0,05) sedangkan variabel HI, BI, dan kepadatan penduduk tidak bermakna (p-value > 0,05). Seluruh wilayah kerja Puskesmas Umbulharjo yang terdiri dari empat kelurahan rentan terhadap DBD dan memiliki tingkat kerawanan endemis tinggi karena setiap tahun selalu terjadi kasus DBD. Tingginya curah hujan menunjukkan peningkatan kejadian DBD. Saat curah hujan tinggi, kurang perhatian masyarakat terhadap banyaknya disposable site menyebabkan terbentuknya breeding places bagi vektor DBD.
Penerapan Entomologi dalam Bidang Kedokteran Forensik
No full textForensic entomology is a branch of entomology that studies the role of insects in forensic interest, such as determining the age ofthe corpse. Forensic entomology is the application of insect science for the benefit of criminal matters, especially relating to the case of death. Evaluation of the activities of forensic entomolagy insects with a variety of techniques to help estimate time of death and determine whether the tissues of the body or bodies have been moved from one location to another location. Method of application in the field of medical entomology in the world today involve a lot medica legal fields, especially in terms of determining the post mortem interval; forensic entomology, which determine the feasibility urban areas of of the use of pesticides within a residence, a forensic entomologist in the field of products, which determine the feasibitity of storage of food products in connection with insect infestation. Method approach in forensic entomology have been growing rapidly, including the use of electron microscopy, the use of experimental animals, and insects DNA examination by PCR. In this review are discussed some of the parameters used in determining time of death. However, the focus if this review is to determine time of death of the parameter types and stages of insects found on the body. In this review also mentioned the example of insects that are often used for determining the age of the corpse, the character and life cycles of these insects
KOMPOSISI JENIS NYAMUK DI BEBERAPA WILAYAH ENDEMIS PENYAKIT KAKI GAJAH DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN
No full textLymphatic filariasis is a zoonotic disease caused by filarial worms transmitted by mosquitoes vector. Banyuasin Regency is one of filariasis endemic area in South Sumatra Province. The aim of study was to identify composition of mosquito species in endemic areas, particularly in Perambahan, Gasing Laut and Kenten Laut Villages. Mosquitoes were caught by two persons per house for 12 hours from 06.00 pm to 06.00 am at three selected houses. The caught mosquitoes were identified at the Entomology Laboratory Loka Litbang P2B2 Baturaja. The results revealed that Mansonia uniformis known as a vector of lymphatic filariasis was successfully caught in those three villages. Based on species composition, Perambahan Village possessed the highest number of mosquitoes species (13 species), followed by Kenten Laut and Gasing Laut Villages for 11 and 9 species, respectively. The moesquitoes species caught in this study were Ma. dives, Ma. bonneae, Ma. uniformis, Ma. indiana, Ma. annulata, Culex fuscocephalus, Cx. Quinquefasciatus, Cx. hutchinsoni, Cx. sitiens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gellidus, Aedes albopictus, and Ae. aegypti. Although Ma. dives was the most abundant mosquito (23,1%) in Perambahan Village, however Cx. gelidus (35,1%) predominated over Kenten Laut Village. In addition, Cx. quinquefasciatus (58,2%) was the highest mosquito population distributed in Gasing Laut Village. The species composition study and information of mosquito population are very useful as a guidance on determining vector control programe conducted by stakeholders or scientists.
UJI BEDA NILAI TSH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH INTERVENSI GARAM 20-30 PPM PADA ANAK DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI
Get PDFIodine is an essential component for synthesis of tyroid hormone. In the areas ofiodine deficiency iodine intake was also obtained from providing iodine capsulesand fortification of salt. Salt is recommended is 30-80ppm. From the median ofUrine Iodine Ecretion that get from survey 2003 showed there are low iodineintake but also there are risk for the occurence of excess. The aim of this paperis to know the effects of salt with that derived from the standard dose of 20-30ppm to TSH serum values in iodine deficient areas. This research is a quasiexperimental where there are intervention with iodized salt 20-30 ppm in thecommunity of deficiency area. The design of this study is a trial pre and posttime series design for 4 month. The population in the study of all primary schoolchildren in the deficiency area. Sample is 4-5 grade school children at elementaryare selected. The number of sample is 70. Data analysis using non-parametrictest for paired samples. The results of this stu=dy is that TSH values before andafter the intervention showed significantly different results with p <0.05. TSH meanvalues between before giving salt intervention with salt after the administration ofthe intervention, namely from 2.62 to 1.39
Status Gizi Bayi Usia 6-12 Bulan di Kota Bogor Tahun 2015 ditinjau dari Pemberian Makan dan Sosiodemografi Ibu
No full textAbstractMasalah gizi kurang (underweight, stunting, dan wasting) pada bayi masih dijumpai di Indonesia.Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya masalah gizi kurang pada bayi, salah satunyapemberian makan yang kurang sesuai. Faktor sosiodemografi ibu juga diduga berpengaruh terhadapkejadian masalah gizi pada bayi. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungandengan status gizi bayi usia 6-12 bulan ditinjau dari sosiodemografi ibu dan pola asuh makan di KotaBogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional study dengan jumlah sampel 92 orang ibubayi dan 92 bayi berusia 6-12 bulan. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data karakteristik ibu (usia,pendidikan, pekerjaan, status ekonomi keluarga), pemberian makan (pemberian ASI Eksklusif dansusu formula sebelum bayi berusia 6 bulan), dan antropometri bayi (berat badan dan tinggi badan).Data status gizi bayi diolah menggunakan software WHO Anthro. Analisis data menggunakan ujiChi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi underweight sebesar 4.3%, stunting sebesar13%, dan wasting sebesar 9.8%. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pendidikan ibu dan statusekonomi keluarga dengan status gizi bayi menurut indikator BB/U dan TB/U (p<0.05). Perlu adanyapeningkatan pengetahuan ibu terkait pola asuh makan yang sesuai untuk menurunkan masalah gizikurang pada bayi.Kata kunci: status gizi, bayi 6-12 bulan, pemberian makan, karakteristik ibu AbstrakMalnutrition (underweight, stunting, and wasting) in infants is still common nutritional problems inIndonesia. Many factors affect infant malnutrition, including inappropriate infant feeding. Maternalsociodemographic factors are also thought to affect infant malnutrition. The objective of this studywas to analyze factors associated with the nutritional status of infants aged 6-12 months accordingmaternal sociodemoghraphic and infant feeding practice in Bogor. This study used cross-sectionaldesign with sample of 92 mothers of infants and 92 infants aged 6-12 months. Variables in thisstudy were maternal characteristics (age, education, occupation, and family economic status), infantfeeding practices (exclusive breastfeeding and formula feeding before 6 months old), and infantanthropometric (weight and height). Nutritional status was analized using WHO Anthro software.Data analysis using Chi-square test. Results showed the prevalence of underweight, stunting, andwasting was 4.3%, 13%, 9.8%, respectively. There was a significant association between maternaleducation and family economic status with infant nutritional status (HAZ and WAZ) (p <0.05). Itis necessary to improve maternal knowledge on appropriate infant feeding practice to reduce infantmalnutrition.Keywords: nutritional status, infant aged 6-12 month, infant feeding, maternal characteristi
KARAKTERISTIK LINGKUNGAN ABIOTIK DAN POTENSI KEBERADAAN Leptospira PATOGENIK DI AIR DALAM KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KOTA SEMARANG
No full textLeptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang tersebar di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Lingkungan sangat berpengaruh dalam kehidupan bakteri Leptospira. Leptospirosis dapat terjadi melalui kontak dengan air yang terkontaminasi bakteri Leptospira patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis lingkungan abiotik dan mendeteksi Leptospira patogenik pada air baik pada badan air alami maupun tempat penampungan air di masyarakat dalam kejadian luar biasa leptospirosis di Kota Semarang. Pengambilan sampel air secara random sampling dan dilakukan pengukuran lingkungan abiotik. Sampel air diperiksa menggunakan PCR dan pengukuran lingkungan abiotik dianalisis secara deskriptif. Enam sampel (10%) dideteksi positif Leptospira patogenik berdasarkan PCR. Hasil pengukuran lingkungan abiotik yaitu pH, salinitas, suhu dan kelembaban udara menunjang pertumbuhan Leptospira. Penelitian ini menunujukkan bahwa air dan kondisi lingkungan berpotensi menyebabkan penularan leptospirosis di Kota Semaran
PENGEMBANGAN PERAN SERTA MASYARAKAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN CAKUPAN PEMERIKSAAN TINJA DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN SCHISTOSOMIASIS DI DATARAN LINDU PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGAH
No full textIncreasing numbers of people who do not participate on the stool examination for schistosomiasis lead to undetectable positive schistosomiasis and generate low coverage rate of the examination. In 2009, the rate of stool examination in in Lindu community was 64,17%, but it slighly decreased by 63,72% in 2010. The objective of the study was to describe the participation of the Lindu community through the role of cadres and toma in order to enhance the coverage rate of the stool examination for schistosomiasis. The present study was conducted for nine months (March – December 2011) in Lindu, Sigi Regency of Central Sulawesi Province. An intervention research design was applied and presented descriptively. A total of 30 people was involved in thi study consisting of cadres, primary school teachers and community leaders. The intervention was introduced by providing training programme on shistosomiasis and increasing awareness of the stool examination to evaluate the prevalence of schistosomiasis. The results showed that the coverage rate of stool examination conducted by the community increased by 80% in two treated villages. There were some problems faced by the cadres and community leaders during the examination. Many people remain reluctant to collect their stool, get bored, feel disgusted and busy. Semakin banyaknya Warga Yang TIDAK melakukan Pemeriksaan Tinja Berlangganan schistosomiasis, sehingga TIDAK terdeteksi positif schistosomiasis HAL Penyanyi can be mempengaruhi Angka cakupan Pemeriksaan Tinja. Angka cakupan Pemeriksaan Tinja Oleh 'masyarakat Tahun 2009 (64,17%), 2010 (63,72%). Tujuan Penelitian Adalah mengembangkan Peran Serta Masyarakat through Peran kader Dan toma hearts meningkatkan cakupan Pemeriksaan Tinja Berlangganan schistosomiasis . Penelitian dilakukan selama sembilan bulan (Maret-Desember) 2011 di dataran Lindu, Kabupaten Sigi Sulawesi Tengah. Rancangan Penelitian Penyanyi Adalah deskriptif. Sampel Adalah 'masyarakat, kader Dan tokoh masyarakat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan, has Terjadi peningkatan Peran Serta Masyarakat hearts cakupan Pemeriksaan Tinja PADA doa desa perlakuan dibandingkan DENGAN Tahun SEBELUM dilakukannya Penelitian Penyanyi Yaitu MENINGKAT Menjadi 80%. Banyaknya kendala Bagi para kader Dan tokoh masyarakat hearts memberikan Kesadaran ditunjukan kepada 'masyarakat hearts Upaya peningkatan cakupan Pemeriksaan Tinja shalat Satunya Adalah, society merasa jenuh mengumpulkan tinja Tinja DENGAN different faktor ANTARA berbaring merasa malu, jijik Dan sibuk BEKERJA
GAMBARAN MAYA INDEKS DAN KEPADATAN LARVA DI DAERAH ENDEMIS DBD JAKARTA TIMUR
No full textNumber of dengue cases in Jakarta province that occurred in 2014, East Jakarta accounted for the largest case compared to other cities. Many factors that support high dengue cases in East Jakarta, one of which is entomologies factor. The purpose of this article was to determine the density of larvae and the Maya index of several endemic area in East Jakarta in order to determine the potential risk of dengue fever transmission in this region. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Area research sites with the highest endemic in Puskesmas Matraman, Jatinegara and Duren Sawit. The study population was all the houses that are in the highest endemic area health centers in all three regions. Survey was done in 100 homes in each area. Larvae collected from containers that find when survey done then calculated index entomology include CI, BI, HI, and Maya Index. Based on the survey results shows that the indicator entomology East Jakarta is CI 14.61% ; HI 31%; BI 39.33%. Analysis showed 70.23% Maya index communities east of Jakarta are at medium risk transmission of dengue fever