e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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KONDISI LINGKUNGAN RUMAH DAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA
No full textABSTRACT Afurther analysis of the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) data on the incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) of children under five years in Indonesia has been conducted. The unit of analysis is a children age 0-59 months, with a total sample of 75,212 children. The dependent variable is the incidence of ARI, whereas the independent variables are exposure to cigarette smoke in the house, the type of cooking fuel, and the condition of the house window. Analysis is done by region. The results showed the highest prevalence of ARI ounder children under-five in Java-Bali region (28.1%) and the smallest in Maluku region (16.6%). The most significant housing environmental condition factors associated with ARI occurrence based on per region analysis is exposure to secondhand smoke in the home (3 regions) compared to the condition of the window of risk (2 regions) and cooking fuel (1 region). The Java-Bali Region had the highest proportion of children under five who were exposed to all housing environmental condition factors, although the analysis of relationships in this region showed only statistically significant cigarette exposure factor (p = 0.001; OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1, 05-1.23).The effort to prevent the occurrence of ARI of children under five years is minimizing the potential for air pollution exposure at home, such as not smoking inside the home, using the not risk type of fuel and routinely open the window every day. Keywords: Acute respiratory infection, region, environmental risk factors ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan analisis lanjut data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2013 mengenai kejadian ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut) atau acute respiratory infection/ARI pada balita di Indonesia. Unit analisis adalah balita usia 0-59 bulan, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 75.212 balita. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian ISPA, sedangkan variabel independen adalah kondisi lingkungan rumah meliputi asap rokok dalam rumah, jenis bahan bakar memasak, dan kondisi jendela rumah. Analisis dilakukan menurut regional. Hasil analisis menunjukan prevalensi ISPA pada balita terbesar terdapat di region Jawa-Bali (28,1%) dan terkecil di region Maluku (16,6%). Faktor kondisi lingkungan rumah yang paling banyak memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian ISPA berdasarkan analisis per region adalah asap rokok dalam rumah (3 region), dibanding kondisi jendela berisiko (2 region) dan bahan bakar masak (1 region). Region Jawa-Bali memiliki proporsi balita paling tinggi yang terpajan semua faktor kondisi lingkungan rumah, walaupun analisis hubungan pada region ini menunjukan hanya faktor pajanan asap rokok dalam rumah yang bermakna secara statistik(p=0,001; OR=1,14; 95% CI =1,05-1,23).Upaya pencegahan kejadian ISPA pada balita adalah dengan meminimalisir potensi pajanan pencemaran udara dalam rumah, seperti tidak merokok didalam rumah, menggunakan jenis bahan bakar yang tidak berisiko dan secara rutin membuka jendela rumah setiap hari. Kata kunci: ISPA, region, kondisi lingkungan ruma
Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan pola perilaku dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Katingan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
No full textSalah satu penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan malaria adalah masih kurangnya tingkat pengetahuan dan pola perilaku masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan dan pola perilaku dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Katingan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan rancangan penelitian case control menggunakan uji fisher exact dan chi square. Metode pengumpulan data tingkat pengetahuan dan pola perilaku dengan wawancara langsung menggunakan kuesioner, kriteria penilaian tinggi apabila nilai hasil kuesioner ≥ 60%, rendah apabila nilai ≤ 60%, pengukuran pola perilaku menggunakan check list, kriteria penilaian baik apabila nilai hasil check list ≥ 60%, tidak baik nilai ≤ 60%. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 58 responden dengan perbandingan kasus dan kontrol adalah 1:1. Hasil analisis uji fisher exact menunjukkan ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan kejadian malaria (p-value 0,002) dan hasil uji chi square terhadap pola perilaku p-value 0,002 dengan kejadian malaria, dengan OR = 2,45 dan 9,28. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan pola perilaku dengan kejadian malaria di Kabupaten Katingan Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Disarankan melakukan upaya pengendalian faktor penyebab malaria dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat, dan pola perilaku yang baik tentang malaria
DISTRIBUSI VEKTOR DAN POTENSI PENULARAN MALARIA DI PAPUA BARAT PADA BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM
No full textWest Papua is one of the malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. Anopheles species that have been confirmed as malaria vectors are Anopheles farauti, Anopheles brancofti, Anopheles punctulatus, and Anopheles koliensis. The distribution of vectors and potential for malaria transmission differs in ecosystem differences. The aim of this research is to know the distribution and potential of malaria transmission in various ecosystem. Mosquito catching by human landing collection method, Animal Bited Trap, and livestock feed. The larva survey was conducted in places that have potential as breeding place for Anopheles spp. Sampling sites were conducted in Manokwari, Fak-fak and Raja Ampat districts. Each District of mosquito and larva fishing is conducted in forest ecosystem near settlement, remote forest settlement, non forest near settlement, non forest remote settlement, beach near settlement and coastal remote settlement. Result of catching mosquito in check of plasmodium in laboratory. The result of pathogen examination in Manokwari Regency of plasmodium positive species is An. farauti on the beach near the settlement, An. longirostris in the remote forest settlement ecosystem and An. punctulatus in non-forest near settlement ecosystems. In Raja Ampat District An. farauti positif plasmodium in non-forest eksositem near settlement. In Fak-fak district, Anopheles was not found positive for plasmodium. The potential for malaria transmission can occur in Manokwari and Raja Ampat districts
Indeks Glikemik Penganan Khas Aceh (Dodoi, Meuseukat, dan Asoe Kaya)
No full textSugar is a carbohydrate disaccharide type of sucrose that is hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose.The intake of glucose from food is directly proportional to the increase in glucose in the blood. Dodoi,meuseukat, and asoe kaya are typical Aceh snacks containing high sugar. This study aimed to assess the glycemic index of typical Aceh foods (dodoi, meuseukat, and asoe kaya). The research was conductedin May-June 2014 at Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam. Respondents consisted of 4 healthy men and 4 women aged 17-20 years who were not sick (diabetes mellitus and hypertension). Each respondent was given 50 grams of dodoi, meuseukat, and asoe kaya, then checked blood glucose levels at 0, 15, 30,45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after food consumption. The value of food glycemic index was calculatedby the ratio of food curve to the standard curve area. The results showed that the highest increase in blood glucose levels at 30 minutes for all food tested. Meuseukat has the highest elevated blood glucose (108.42 mg / dl). The glycemic index values of dodoi meuseukat, and asoe kaya were 40.67,77.74, and 30.60, respectively. Dodoi and asoe kaya have low glycemic index and the meuseukat has high glycemic index. The labeling of glycemic index values on food packaging is very beneficial for the community, especially prediabetes and diabetics. AbstrakGula merupakan karbohidrat disakarida jenis sukrosa yang dihidrolisis menjadi fruktosa dan glukosa. Asupan glukosa dari makanan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan glukosa dalam darah. Dodoi,meuseukat, dan asoe kaya merupakan penganan khas Aceh yang mengandung gula tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai indeks glikemik makanan khas Aceh (dodoi, meuseukat, dan asoe kaya). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni tahun 2014 di Puskesmas Kopelma Darussalam. Responden terdiri dari 4 orang laki-laki dan 4 orang perempuan umur 17-20 tahun berbadan sehat dan tidak dalam keadaan sakit (diabetes melitus dan hipertensi). Setiap responden diberikan 50 gram dodoi, meuseukat,dan asoe kaya, kemudian diperiksa kadar glukosa darah pada 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, dan 120 menit setelah konsumsi makanan. Nilai indeks glikemik makanan dihitung dengan perbandingan luas kurva makanan terhadap luas kurva standar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi pada menit ke-30 untuk semua makanan yang di uji. Meuseukat memiliki peningkatan kadar glukosa darah tertinggi (108,42 mg/dl). Nilai indeks glikemik dodoi, meuseukat, dan asoe kaya masing-masing 40,67, 77,74, dan 30,60. Dodoi dan asoe kaya memiliki indeks glikemik rendah dan meuseukat memiliki indeks glikemik tinggi. Pelabelan nilai indeks glikemik pada kemasan makanan sangat bermanfaat bagi masyakarat, terutama prediabetes dan penderita diabetes
PENGARUH VISUALITATION IN PARTICIPATORY PROGRAM (VIPP) DAN METODE CERAMAH TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN KETRAMPILAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI REMAJA DI JEMBER
No full textAbstractBackground: The visualitation in participatory program (VIPP) can be applied as a method of adolescentreproductive health (ASRH) education to improve the coverage of PKPR program at the community healthcenter.Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of VIPP and lecture method on ASRH knowledge, attitudes andskills.Methods: A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design was conducted on 65 high school students(32 of VIPP group and 33 of lecture method group) who have experienced puberty and voluntarilyparticipated in the program for 10 sessions of VIPP and lecture method using multi stage random samplingin two working areas of Puskesmas Kabupaten Jember. The ASRH knowledge, attitudes, and skills beforeand after intervention were measured and compared in each group. Data were analyzed by paired t-test.Results: In the lecture group, there were no difference in ASRH knowledge and attitudes (p>0.05), whereasthere were significant differences in ASRH skills (p<0.05) in the lecture method group. Meanwhile, in theVIPP group, there were significant differences in ASRH knowledge, attitudes, and skills (p<0.001) beforeand after VIPP intervention for 10 sessions.Conclusion: The VIPP method is capable of changing 3 domains of knowledge, attitudes, and skills, but thelecture method can only change the skill domain. It is recommended that VIPP method should becomealternative method for ASRH health education method in accordance with the standard of PKPR inincreasing the 3 domains of ASRH.Keywords: VIPP, Lecture method, Adolescent health of behavior, PKPR AbstrakLatar belakang: Visualitation in participarory program (VIPP) dapat diterapkan sebagai metode pendidikankesehatan reproduksi remaja (KRR) untuk meningkatkan cakupan layanan program Pelayanan KesehatanPeduli Remaja (PKPR) di puskesmas.Tujuan: diketahuinya pengaruh visualitation in participarory program (VIPP) dan metode ceramah terhadappengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan KRR.Metode: Desain penelitian adalah quasy experiment with pretest-posttest design. Sampel penelitian 65 siswaSMA yang telah mengalami pubertas (32 kelompok VIPP dan 33 kelompok metode ceramah) diambil secaramulti stage random sampling di dua Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kabupaten Jember dan secara sukarela maumengikuti program selama 10 sesi VIPP maupun metode ceramah. Variabel pengetahuan, sikap, danketerampilan KRR sebelum dan sesudah intervensi diukur dan dibandingkan pada masing-masing kelompok.Data dianalisis dengan paired t-test.Hasil: Pada kelompok metode ceramah tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pengetahuan dan sikap KRR (p>0.05),tetapi ada perbedaan yang bermakna ketrampilan KRR (P<0.05) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Padakelompok VIPP terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan ketampilan KRR(p<0.001) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi VIPP selama 10 sesi.Kesimpulan: Metode VIPP mampu merubah 3 domain pengetahuan, sikap, dan ketrampilan, tetapi metodeceramah hanya mampu merubah domain ketrampilan. Agar metode VIPP menjadi metode alternatifpendidikan pendidikan kesehatan sesuai dengan standar PKPR dalam meningkatkan 3 domain KRR.Kata kunci: VIPP, Ceramah, Kesehatan reproduksi remaja, PKP
Kandungan Gizi Mikro (Besi, Seng), Nitrit dan Formalin pada Daging Sapi dari Pasar Tradisional dan Swalayan
No full textBeef is a nutritious food to consume due to its nutrient content that needed by human body. The demand for beef increases in certain times, such as in religion event or in the holiday. Special treatment is needed for the slaughter time to ready to consume beef, such as freezing or refrigerating. This research aimed to identify the quality of fresh beef as well as frozen beef in the traditional market and frozen beef in supermarket regarding its content of micronutrient (iron and zinc), preservatives (nitrate), and another dangerous additional food (formaldehyde) in cub roll, upper thighs, and lower thighs of beef. This was a cross-sectional and laboratory observational designed research. The result showed that iron, zinc, and nitrite concentration on fresh beef and frozen beef in traditional market and supermarket on any side of the beef sample was not significantly different (p>0.05). Nitrite concentration was within the permitted level. All beef samples also had not contain formaldehyde
PERSEPSI DAN PRAKTEK STIMULASI KOGNITIF BERBASIS PENGASUHAN PADA ANAK-ANAK DI DAERAH ENDEMIK GAKI
No full textIntellectual deficit in children living in IDD endemic areas were not caused by single factor of iodine deficiency. Educational level, decrease of mental development related to IDD, and lack of cognitive stimulation also contributed to impaired cognitive development in children. This study was aimed to explore perception and practice of parenting based cognitive stimulation for children living in endemic areas of IDD. This was a qualitative research conducted in six family who had pre school children, with the risk of having cognitive developmental delayed, due to living in IDD endemic areas, and low social economisc status and low maternal education. Data obtained from several sources, through partisipative observation, interview, and psychological assessment. Observation of the condition of parenting and home environment conducted with HOME and partisipative observation. Informants of parenting conditions were come from mother, father, and also community figures. Psychological assessment showed the risk of low cognitive stimulation parenting practice. Mothers had not conducted adequate stimulation, especially in the aspect of academic stimulation and learning. Mother perceived that cognitive stimulation was not part of parenting responsibility because it perceived as part of teacher responsibility. Mother also felt that they had no opportunity and ability. Mother was perceived as main person responsible in caring children, but the opportinity they had with their children had not been used for cognitive stimulation, because cognitive stimulation perceived as school related activities. Play activities had not been utilized actively by mothers as the main source of cognitive stimulation. Cognitive stimulation as one of potential source for cognitive enhancement in IDD endemic area needd to be done in earlier age. Mothers in the IDD endemic areas needd to be informed about the importance of of cognitive stimulation in pre school age, in order to support cognitive development task and academic achievement in the future life
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Tindakan Masyarakat pada Peningkatan Kasus Malaria di Kabupaten Purworejo Tahun 2015
No full textThere has been increased of malaria cases in Purworejo District, especially in Sendangsari Village, Bener District in 2015. The one influence factors of malaria transmission was behavior, it consist of knowledge, attitude and practice domains. The aims this study was described of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the community and conduct interventions related to survey results. The research method were cross-sectional to collect data of the knowledge, attitudes and practices and one group pretest posttest design to measure the intervention. The number of samples obtained as many as 90 respondents. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between education and knowledge, as well as knowledge with attitude (p < 0.05). While variables relationship of knowledge with practice/action and attitude with practice/action showed an insignificant (p > 0,05). The result of the intervention by direct information showed that knowledge of the respondents between before and after intervention has increased significantly (p < 0,05). Based on these results, it was necessary to encourage local community leaders, both formal and non-formal, for cooperate with the community to protecting themselves and their environment so as not to be potential transmission of malaria
DESKRIPSI KASUS FILARIASIS LIMFATIK DI PULAU SUMBA TAHUN 2011
No full textFilariasis limfatik merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria danditularkan oleh nyamuk sebagai vektor.Kasus kronis dan kasus positif mikrofilariadilaporkan terjadi di Pulau Sumba. Untuk melihat sebaran kasus kronis dan positif dilakukananalisa berdasarkan laporan dari dinas kesehatan kabupaten sampai dengan tahun 2010.Analisa dilakukan secara spasial untuk melihat sebaran per desa, data diolah menggunakanArc View 3.3.Sampai dengan tahun 2010, ada 408 kasus kronis filariasis yang tersebar di duakabuapten.Sembilan puluh sembilan kasus kronis filariasis di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Dayatersebar di lima desa. Tiga ratus sembilan kasus kronis filariasis di Kabupaten Sumba Tengahtersebar di 13 desa. Kasus positif mikrofilaria Brugia timori sampai dengan tahun 2011 adalima desa yang Mf rate>1% dan dua desa yang Mf rate <1%. Seluruh wilayah positifmerupakanperdesaan dan daerah pedalaman. Desa dengan kasus filariasis yang berbatasandengan kabupaten lain adalah: Desa Kahale di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya yangberbatasan dengan Kabupaten Sumba Barat bagian selatan; Desa Wendewa Barat, Wee Luri,Ole Ate yang berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Sumba Barat bagian utara; Desa Mbilur Pangadudan Padira Tana di Kabupaten Sumba Tengah yang berbatasan dengan Kabupaten SumbaTimur. Perlu perhatian dan koordinasi terhadap wilayah desa di perbatasan dalam melakukanprogram eliminasi filariasis limfatik