e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Formulasi Tablet Salut Selaput Katekin dari Ekstrak Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.)
No full textGambir extract contains a high content of catechin. Catechin has so many benefits, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-atherosclerosis.Gambir are widely available in Indonesia, especially in West Sumatra, might be a sustainable source of catechin. Catechin is easily oxidized and hygroscopic. Film coating is used to protect catechin contained in a tablet from moisture and light. Study of film-coated tablet of catechin has not been conducted before. This study aims to formulate film-coated tablet of catechin from gambir and evaluate its physical properties. Catechin was percolated from gambir extract using ethyl astetat. The ethyl acetate fraction of gambir extract contains 92,48±0,28% catechin. Tablets were compressed with direct compression method and coated with a polymer coating material. The physical properties of core tablet and film-coated tablet were evaluated toward weight uniformity, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. Friability testing was conducted only on core tablet. The formulation produced tablets with uniform weight, 16,6 ±1,97 Kp hardness, and 4 minutes 15 seconds disintegration time. Weight uniformity and disintegration time of the tablet meet the requirement
Studi Docking Molekuler Catechin Gallate, Epicatechin Gallate, Gallocatechin Gallate, dan Epigallocatechin Gallate sebagai Obat Dislipidemia
No full textIndonesia has the second biggest natural in the world. This natural resources could be used as raw material for drug if well managed. As we know, 96% of raw material in Indonesia are imported which caused the price of drugs are expensive. In order to overcome the problem, it is essential to conduct research about Indonesian plants which are potential as dyslipidemia drug. The molecular docking study is one of insilico studies that is used to screen compounds based on their working mechanism to protein. In this study, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate were docked using Moleculer Operating Environtment (MOE). Software in order to determine their affinity and interaction with HMG-CoA reductase enzyme which has a role in cholesterol/fat metabolism. This research used simvastatin and atorvastatin as the standard drug for dyslipidemia. The result of molecular docking showed that Gibbs values of simvastatin, atorvastatin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate were - 6,4974; -8,543; -9,5736; -10,6395; -10,4765; and -10,598. The results stated that four cathechin derivates have an inhibiting energy better than simvastatin and atorvastatin. These are potential as dyslipidemia drugs candidate
Pengaruh Konseling dan Leaflet terhadap Efikasi Diri, Kepatuhan Minum Obat, dan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di Dua Puskesmas Kota Depok
No full textSelf-efficacy and low adherence was significant problem on using antihypertension drugs. The study purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of counseling and provision of leaflets againts self-efficacy and adherence as well as the blood pressure of hypertensive patients at two community health centers in Depok City. The study desain is a quasi-experimental with 37 patients in counseling group and 36 patients in the leaflets group during March to June 2013. The instrument determine self-efficacy is MUSE scale, MMAS-8 scale for adherence and the tensimeter for blood pressure. Data were analyzed uses the Wilcoxon and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed that the largest percentage of hypertension patients in community health centers have mild hypertension, has been suffering from hypertension between 1-5 years, received a single drug, mostly captopril, and did not feel any side effects. The counseling and provision of leaflets can increase self-efficacy and medication adherence, and lower systolic blood pressure significantly. Provision of leaflets to patients can increase self-efficacy and adherence, and lowering the systolic and diastolic pressure significantly. There is no significant difference between the effects of counseling and the provision of leaflets to increase self-efficacy and adherence, as well as a decrease in blood pressure in hypertensive patients in community health centers in Depok City
SEROPOSITIVE OF TOXOPLASMOSIS ON STRAY CATS IN BANJARNEGARA DISTRICT PUBLIC PLACES
No full textToksoplasmosis merupakan zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh Toxoplasma gondii, mempunyai penyebaran yang luas padamanusia dan hewan piaraan maupun satwa liar. Penularan secara horisontal pada manusia terutama disebabkan karenadaging hewan/ternak yang terinfeksi T. gondii atau ookista pada makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi feses kucing.Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui kucing liar dengan seropositif T. gondii. Jenis penelitian ini adalah potong lintang danlaboratorik serologi pada bulan Mei–Oktober 2013. Sampel sebanyak 22 ekor kucing liar yang berasal dari pasar induk,rumah sakit dan kompleks pertokoan kelurahan Semampir, Banjarnegara. Pemeriksaan serologis menggunakan FELISAimunostik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kucing liar dengan seropositif IgG T. gondii sebanyak 40,9% (9 dari 22 ekor).Kucing liar di kompleks pertokoan Kelurahan Semampir berpeluang lebih besar memaparkan T. gondii.Kata kunci: toksoplasmosis, kucing liar, tempat umum, seropositi
EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION FOR CONTROLING LEPTOSPIROSIS OUTBREAKS IN BANTUL DISTRICT, 2011
No full textSalah satu strategi untuk penanggulangan kejadian luar biasa (KLB) leptospirosis di Kabupaten Bantul tahun 2011 adalahdengan pendidikan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengukur efektifitas pendidikan kesehatan dengan ceramahterhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap responden dalam pencegahan leptospirosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitianintervensi dengan rancangan one group pre-post design. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Sedayu dan Desa Wukirsari, KabupatenBantul. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan instrumen angket pada Bulan Maret 2011. Angket diisi oleh respondensebanyak 2 kali yaitu sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Sampel diambil secara purposif yaitu penduduk tinggal di wilayahRukun Warga yang terdapat kasus leptospirosis pada tahun 2011, usia minimal 18 tahun dan bersedia mengikuti kegiatanpenyuluhan. Jumlah responden sebanyak 61 orang. Analisis data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanada perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada rerata pengetahuan responden sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, berarti adapeningkatan pengetahuan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan. Penerapan penyuluhan kesehatan efektif meningkatkanpengetahuan responden untuk pencegahan leptospirosis.Kata kunci : leptospirosis, pendidikan kesehatan, kejadian luar bias
Metode Komunikasi Persuasif sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Sikap Wanita Usia Subur Tentang GAKI
No full textABSTRACT Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) refered to all of the consequences of iodine deficiency in population that can be prevented by ensuring that all population has adequate intake of iodine. IDD prevention have been conducted but the problem. One of the strategies of health promotion in the context of IDD prevention is health education using persuasive communication method. This research was aimed to measure the effect of persuasive communication method toward changes in attitudes of childbearing age women about IDD in Kepil district, Wonosobo regency. This was a quasi experimental study with non equivalent with pre test and post test of control group design. Subject of the study were 68 childbearing age women in Pulosaren village. These sample were divided into 2 groups. The experiment group was given persuasive communication method, the control group was given counseling method. Sample size was based on inclusion criteria. The data then were analyzed using t-test for normally distributed data and using Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon for skewed distributed data. Persuasive communication method was more effective in improving attitude of childbearing women toward IDD compared with counseling method in a month after intervention. This was indicated from statistically significant increase difference in variable of attitude between group with persuasive communication method (5.65), compare with the group using counseling method (2.03). Persuasive communication method was more effective in improving the attitudes of childbearing age women towards IDD than counseling method. Keywords: attitudes, IDD, persuasive communication ABSTRAK Gangguan akibat kekurangan iodium (GAKI) adalah semua akibat kekurangan iodium yang terjadi dalam suatu populasi, yang dapat dicegah dengan kecukupan asupan iodium. Upaya penanggulangan GAKI telah dilakukan, tetapi GAKI masih menjadi masalah. Salah satu strategi promosi kesehatan dalam rangka penanggulangan GAKI adalah pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan metode komunikasi persuasif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur pengaruh metode komunikasi persuasif terhadap perubahan sikap wanita usia subur tentang GAKI di Kecamatan Kepil, Kabupaten Wonosobo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperiment dengan non equivalent (pre test and post test) control group design. Subjek adalah wanita usia subur di Desa Pulosaren. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 68 orang. Sampel ini bagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen mendapat metode komunikasi persuasif, kelompok kontrol mendapat metode penyuluhan. Besar sampel berdasar kriteria inklusi. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisa menggunakan t-test untuk data yang terdistribusi secara normal, dan Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon untuk data yang tidak terdistribusi secara normal. Metode komunikasi persuasif lebih efektif meningkatkan sikap wanita usia subur tentang GAKI dibanding metode penyuluhan dalam waktu sebulan setelah intervensi. Efektivitas dibuktikan dari perbedaan peningkatan sikap yang secara statistik signifikan, pada kelompok yang mendapat metode komunikasi persuasif (5.65), dibanding kelompok yang mendapat metode penyuluhan (2.03). Metode komunikasi persuasif lebih efektif meningkatkan sikap wanita usia subur tentang GAKI dibanding metode penyuluhan. Kata kunci : sikap, GAKI, metode komunikasi persuasi
Pengaruh Iodium dan Selenium terhadap Jumlah Sel Spermatogonium dan Struktur Histologis Tubulus Seminiferus Testis Tikus Wistar Hipotiroid
No full text PENGARUH IODIUM DAN SELENIUM TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL SPERMATOGONIUM DAN STRUKTUR HISTOLOGIS TUBULUS SEMINIFERUS TESTIS TIKUS WISTAR HIPOTIROID Iodine and Selenium Effect on Spermatogonia Cell Numbers and Histologist Structure of Seminiferous Tubules Testis Hypothyroid Wistar Rats ABSTRACT Background. Thyroid hormones are proven to have a direct effect on sexual development and reproductive function. Hypothyroidism in men cause decreased libido, impotence, and oligospermie. Thyroid disorders associated with abnormal testicular morphology and function. Selenium was closely related to male fertility. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) was first known as the antioxidant enzymes is selenoenzyme which is dominant in testis allegedly important for spermatogenesis. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate spermatogonia cell numbers and the histological structure of seminiferous tubules of hypothyroid rats as a result of the intervention with iodine and selenium. Method. An experimental study with post-test only control group design. Fifty hypothyroidism male Wistar rats induced by Propylthiouracil (PTU) for four week were divided into three groups through simple random sampling. Group I treated with iodine, group II treated with iodine + selenium and group III is control group. Sampling to determine groups by randomization. Blood sample was taken and then Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) blood level was measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Whereas, spermatogonia cell numbers and the histological structure of seminiferous tubules was measured using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) histologist. Anova test was used to compare the data obtained from treated and control groups of TSH blood level and spermatogonia cell numbers. Data of seminiferous tubules histological structure were analyzed by comparing between groups. Result. TSH blood level in group I (3.5 ± 4.9 μIU/mL), group II (1.9 ± 1.5 μIU/mL, and group III (13.5 ± 8.3 μIU/mL) was significantly difference with value (p=0.000). However, spermatogonia cell numbers on group I (66.6 ± 18.1), group II (57.4 ± 3.3), on group III (53.6 ± 5.3) was not significantly difference with value (p=0.204). Observation of the seminiferous tubules in group I and II showed that spermatogenic cell structure appeared more clearly, with more full spermatogenic structures, narrower tubular lumen contains lots of sperm. Observations in group III showed abnormal seminiferous tubules, irregular arrangement of spermatogenic cells with wider lumen contains few sperm. Conclusion. Iodine and selenium had no effect on the average number of spermatogonia cells and affected the histological structure of the seminiferous tubules in wistar rats testis. Keywords: hypothyroid, iodine, selenium, spermatogenesis, TSH ABSTRAK Latar Belakang. Hormon tiroid mempengaruhi perkembangan seksual dan fungsi reproduksi. Hipotiroid pada pria dapat menyebabkan libido berkurang, impotensi, dan oligospermia. Kelainan tiroid terkait dengan kelainan morfologi dan fungsi testis. Selenium erat kaitannya dengan kesuburan laki-laki. Glutathione peroksidase 4 (GPx4) pertama kali dikenal sebagai enzim antioksidan adalah selenoenzyme dominan di testis dan diduga penting dalam proses spermatogenesis. Tujuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji jumlah sel spermatogonium dan struktur histologis tubulus seminiferus tikus hipotiroid akibat intervensi iodium dan selenium. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan rancangan post-test only control group design. Subyek penelitian ini berjumlah 15 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang sebelumnya dibuat hipotiroid dengan pemberian PTU dengan dosis 15 mg/kg BB. Tikus dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok perlakuan I (intervensi iodium), II (iodium dan selenium) dan kelompok kontrol III (kontrol hipotiroid). Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari lima ekor tikus yang ditentukan dengan cara randomisasi. Penentuan kadar TSH diambil dari serum darah untuk menentukan hipotiroid dan jumlah spermatogonium serta struktur histologis tubulus seminiferus diambil dari sediaan histologi testis. Kadar TSH dan jumlah spermatogonium dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova. Struktur histologis tubulus seminiferus testis dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan antara kelompok. Hasil. Kadar TSH pada kelompok I (3.5 ± 4.9 μIU/mL), kelompok II (1.9 ± 1.5 μIU/mL), dan kelompok III (13.5 ± 8.3 μIU/mL). Uji stastistik mendapatkan hasil beda nyata dengan nilai (p=0.000). Jumlah rata-rata sel spermatogonium pada kelompok I (66.6 ± 18.1), kelompok II (57.4 ± 3.3) dan pada kelompok III (53.6 ± 5.3). Uji stastistik mendapatkan hasil tidak beda nyata dengan nilai (p=0.204). Pengamatan tubulus seminiferus pada kelompok I dan II didapatkan susunan sel spermatogenik yang lebih jelas, dengan struktur spermatogenik yang lebih rapat, dan lumen tubulus yang lebih sempit dan terisi dengan sperma. Pada kelompok III tubulus seminiferus abnormal, susunan sel-sel spermatogenik tidak teratur dan kurang rapat. Lumen tampak lebar dan terisi sedikit sperma. Kesimpulan. Iodium dan selenium tidak berpengaruh pada jumlah rata-rata sel spermatogonium testis tikus tetapi berpengaruh terhadap struktur histologis tubulus seminiferus testis tikus. Kata kunci: hipotiroid, iodium, selenium, spermatogenesis, TS
Efektifitas Biji Pepaya dalam membunuh Ascaris suum : uji in-vitro
No full textThere are many medicine plants have been consumed by community as a traditional medicine and believed empirically as anthelmintic since long time ago, such as papaya (Carica papaya Linn.). This article compared anthelmintic affectivity between raw papaya seeds and ripe papaya seeds against Ascaris suum in vitro. Research was conducted in Parasitology laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University on June-August 2002. Ten worms were put into chamber of treatment respectively 10%, 20%, 30% raw papaya seed; ripe papaya seeds in the same concentrations; pipperazine sitrate 0,2% and NaCl 0,9% and incubated in 370C then observed paralyzed or died worms every 3, 6, 12, and 24-hour. Probit Analysis was used to determine LC50 and LT50 value. The results showed that raw papaya seeds were more effective than ripe papaya seeds and piperasin sitrat based on the time needed to kill 50% Ascaris suum (LC50=14,36167% and LT50=18,97687%)
Respon Imun terhadap Infeksi Parasit Malaria
No full textMalaria is found scattered throughout the islands, especially in eastern Indonesia.Each year about 2.5 million people died, mostly children under five years old. Recently,malaria remains a cause of death of infants, toddlers and pregnant women. It alsodecreases productivity of infected person and tend to increase over the year. Theplasmodium infection causes immune response of host which can be seen as thepresence of inflammatory. immune protection may occur in malaria. There are twotypes of immune response against malaria parasites, innate immunity and acquiredimmunity. Acquired immunity occurs actively through host defense against infection;and passively from mothers to the baby. The immune response mechanism activate theability immune complements to suppress the ocurence of clinical symptoms andparasitemia
Potensi Ekstrak Biji Duku (Lansium domesticum Corr) terhadap Aedes aegypti
Get PDFAbstractDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) control still depend on the insecticide fogging and larviciding. Several plants have effective natural toxic contents against mosquito larvae. This study aims to determine larvicidal potential of ethanol extract of duku (Lansium domesticum Corr.) seed againstAedes aegypti. The sample were duku seeds obtained from the village of Lubuk Batang, Ogan Komering Ulu. The seeds were dried and milled into powder then maserated in alcohol 70% with stirring for three days. The extract was evaporated using rotary evaporator and water bath thendissolved with aquadest. Larvicidal assay was using 25 larvae of Ae.aegypti for each concentration in 100 ml solution with 5 replications. Phytochemical assay of extract includes alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Larvicidal assay includes five concentrations ranged from 4000, 5000, 6000, 8000, to10000 ppm and control. Phytochemical assay showed that the ethanol extract of duku seed contained compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Larvicidal assay showed that the ethanol extract of duku seed resulted in 55.2% larval mortality at the highest concentration (10000 ppm) for 24-hour observation. Based on probit test, LC50 for ethanol extract of duku seed was 9367.5 ppm. Ethanol extract of duku seed has low potential as larvicide against Ae. aegypti.Keywords : Lansium domesticum Corr, Aedes aegypti, larvicideAbstrakPengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih mengandalkan cara pengasapan dan larvasida. Beberapa tumbuhan memiliki kandungan racun yang efektif terhadap larva nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi larvasida ekstrak etanol biji duku (Lansium domesticum Corr.) terhadap Ae. aegypti. Sampel adalah biji duku yang diperoleh dari Desa Lubuk Batang, Ogan Komering Ulu. Biji dikeringkan dan digiling menjadi serbuk kemudian diekstraksi menggunakanetanol 70% dengan metode maserasi selama 3 hari dengan sesekali diaduk. Ekstrak dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator dan water bath. Uji larvasida dilakukan dengan melarutkan ekstrak dalam aquadest pada konsentrasi 4000, 5000, 6000, 8000, 10000 ppm serta kontrol. Pengujian dilakukan dalam suhu ruangan dengan cara memasukkan 25 larva Ae. aegypti dalam 100 ml larutan uji dengan 5 kali ulangan. Uji fitokimia dilakukan untuk menganalisa kandungan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid dansaponin. Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji duku mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid dan saponin. Uji larvasida menunjukkan ekstrak etanol biji duku mengakibatkan kematian larva sebesar 55,2% pada konsentrasi tertinggi (10000 ppm) pada pengamatan selama 24 jam. Berdasarkan uji probit nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol biji duku adalah 9367,5 ppm. Ekstrak etanol biji duku memiliki potensi yang rendah sebagai larvasida terhadap Ae. aegypti.Kata kunci : Lansium domesticum Corr, Aedes aegypti, larvasid