e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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PENGARUH STATUS KEHAMILAN TIDAK DIINGINKAN TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU SELAMA KEHAMILAN DAN SETELAH KELAHIRAN DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA SDKI 2012)
No full textAbstractBackground: The status of unintended pregnancies is an important concern as unintended pregnancy can affect mother and infant health. Objective: This study aimed to determine the description and influence of unintended pregnancies towards mothers’ behaviour during prenatal and postnatal within different economic status. Methods: An analysis of secondary data from Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 is conducted. A sample of 11.742 respondents qualified into inclusive criteria were women aged 15-49 years who had pregnant and gave birth to single births since January 2007 until the time of the survey. The analysis was performed with logistic regression and stratified multivariate logistic regression. Results: The results showed that mothers who experienced an unintended pregnancy were 1.79 more likely to not conduct prenatal care compared to those who didn’t, and had the same opportunities of not having behaviour of exclusive breastfeeding and not giving complete basic immunization as those who didn’t. The study also obtained results that behaviour of obstetric care, exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization also influenced by economic status. Conclusion: Unintended pregnancy affected behaviour of antenatal care (ANC) visit whereas exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic imunization were not different compare to intended pregnancy. Effect unintended pregnanvy toward materna; behavior’s mother are vary according economics status.Keyword: unintended pregnancy, antenatal care, exclusive breastfeeding, complete basic immunization Abstrak Latar Belakang: Status kehamilan tidak diinginkan menjadi penting karena dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan ibu dan bayi yang akan dilahirkannya dan kelangsungan hidupnya. Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan pengaruh kehamilan tidak diinginkan terhadap perilaku ibu selama kehamilan dan setelah kelahiran menurut status status ekonomi Metode: Analisis data sekunder dari Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia (SDKI) tahun 2012. Sampel sebanyak 11.742 responden yang memenuhi syarat inklusi (wanita usia 15-49 tahun pernah hamil dan melahirkan kelahiran tunggal, masih hidup dan melahirkan sejak Januari 2007 sampai survei. Analisis dengan regeresi logistik dan stratifikasi regresi logistik multivariat. Hasil: Ibu yang mengalami kehamilan tidak diinginkan berpeluang tidak melakukan perawatan kehamilan 1,79 dibandingkan kehamilan diinginkan; berpeluang sama terhadap perilaku tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif dan tidak memberikan imunisasi dasar lengkap. Hasil analisis stratifikasi menunjukkan pengaruh status kehamilan tidak diinginkan terhadap perilaku: perawatan kehamilan; pemberian ASI eksklusif dan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap yang juga dipengaruhi oleh status status ekonomi. Semakin kaya cenderung melakukan perawatan kehamilan. Kesimpulan: Kehamilan tidak diinginkan berpengaruh terhadap perilaku perawatan kehamilan (ANC), namun tidak ada perbedaan bermakna pada perilaku pemberian ASI eksklusif dan pemberian imunisasi dasar lengkap. Pengaruh status kehamilan tidak diinginkan bervariasi menurut status ekonomi.Kata kunci : Kehamilan tidak diinginkan, perawatan kehamilan, asi eksklusif, imunisasi dasar lengka
HUBUNGAN JARAK SUMBER PENCEMARAN DAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI SUMATERA UTARA
No full textEnvironmental pollution occurs in many countries even in Indonesia. Pollution may as risk factorfor human life. It can as disturbance on health such as skin irritation and digestive infection includingdiarrhea. Diarrhea is still the leading cause of childhood death worldwide with 4.6 to 6 million childrendying from diarrheal disease in Asia,Africa, and Latin America. Diarrhea is one of mayor causes ofcommunicable diseases in Indonesia. Furthermore, diarrhea is the second cause of death among childrenaged under 5 years. This analysis used the Riskesdas data collected from household in 2007. The purposeof this analysis is to detect the correlation between source and distance of pollution and diarrhoeal cases.The samples was a cross sectional data. The result showed that the sinificant variable were water sourceless than 10 meters, and the distance of house to pollution source.Keywords: Pollution, Diarrhea, Distance, Sumatera Utar
HUBUNGAN KADAR PB DENGAN KADAR HB PADA ANAK DI WILAYAH DAUR ULANG AKI BEKAS INFORMAL DI BOGOR, DEPOK, TANGERANG, DAN BEKASI
No full textABSTRACT The increasing number of unofficial dry battery recycling done by households and small industries could have an impact on public health. During the recycling process there will be Pb emissions (battery major component) into the air. Pb exposure, especially to children can cause health effects such as anemia microcytic and hyprochromic. This study aims to discover the effect of Pb exposure from used batteries recycling on the cases of children with anemia (aged 7-13 years) in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi in the year 2014. Study design was cross-sectional, with the sample of children as many as 418. Levels of lead in children's blood was measured using Lead Care Analyzer II, and hemoglobin levels in the blood with Hemoque 2.1. The results showed that 36.6% of children suffer from anemia. The test results indicate a statistically significant relationship (p <0.05) between Pb levels in the blood with anemia (low Hb levels); with a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient: 0.124). Need more thorough studies on aspects of health impacts from battery recycling. Keywords: Battery recycling, lead (Pb), haemoglobin, children ABSTRAK Pajanan Pb terutama terhadap anak-anak dapat menimbulkan dampak kesehatan berupa anemia microcytic dan hyprochromic. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajanan Pb dari kegiatan daur ulang aki bekas terhadap kejadian anemia anak-anak (usia 7–13 tahun) di Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi, tahun 2014. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang, dengan jumlah sampel anak-anak sebanyak 418 orang. Kadar Pb dalam darah anak-anak diukur dengan menggunakan Lead Care Analyzer II, dan kadar Hb dalam darah dengan Hemoque 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 36,6% anak-anak menderita anemia. Hasil uji statistik mengindikasikan adanya hubungan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara kadar Pb dalam darah dengan kejadian anemia (kadar Hb rendah); dengan korelasi sangat lemah (koefisien korelasi: 0,124). Perlu kajian lebih menyeluruh tentang aspek dampak kesehatan dari kegiatan daur ulang aki bekas. Kata kunci: Daur ulang aki bekas, timah hitam (Pb), daur ulang aki bekas, Hb-darah, anak-ana
POTENSI SEBARAN LIMBAH MERKURI PERTAMBANGAN EMAS RAKYAT DI DESA CISUNGSANG, KABUPATEN LEBAK, BANTEN
No full textThe amalgamation in artisanal gold mining process in order to separate gold from the ore (gold-amalgam) will produce mercury waste. Poor waste management of mercury can pollute the environment. This research aims to identify a potential distribution pattern of mercury waste or tailing in Cisungsang village, Cibeber sub-district. Methods used are survei and spatial analysis. Samples taken from the research site are the gold miners (as subjects of research), sample of mercury waste, environmental samples (water, soil, fish, vegetables, and rice). The research results show that the use of mercury (100gr every tromol, every shift) has strong correlation (r = 0,791) with mercury concentrations in the waste ponds. Mercury concentrations in the liquid of waste ponds are 0,083-0,265 ppm and mercury concentration in the tailing (sludge) are 0,304-0,407 ppm. Researcher also develop a potential distribution pattern of mercury that consider slopes of 35% in the area, high precipitation, which can reach 4000 mm per year, and the condition of open waste ponds, which can speed up the mercury disposal process in the environment. Mercury concentration in the environment has exceeded the quality standard. Test result on environmental samples show that mercury concentration in fish is 1,66 ppm, in spinach is 4,61 ppm, and soil 0,0127 ppm
DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL DAN BIOEKOLOGI ANOPHELES SPP. DI LAMPUNG SELATAN DAN PESAWARAN, PROVINSI LAMPUNG
No full textSouth Lampung and Pesawaran distric were malaria endemic areas. The spatial distribution andbioecology Anopheles are important to vector control. The goal of this study are to study the spatialdistribution and bioecology Anopheles in South Lampung and Pesawaran District. Mapping of larvae andadult Anopheles were used by GPS and Arc view analysis. Larval collections were taken by dipper,mosquito collections were catched by human landing collection all night at 06.00 PM-06.00 AM. Theanalysis of Anopheles diversity was done using Shannon-Wiener index and Anova test. Analysis of weatherwith Anopheles density and Anopheles density with malaria incidence by correlation pearson test.Anopheles diversity was highest in residence areas, going away from residence areas, the diversity ofAnopheles is small. There was no relationship in diversity of Anopheles among land uses. There were 12Anopheles in South Lampung and Pesawaran Districts, and the dominant species was A. sundaicus. A.sundaicus did have habitat dominant in unproductive fish pool and unproductive hatchery. A. sundaicusbited all night, peaks of 02.00-04.00 AM, outdoor biting more frequency than indoor biting, culminate ofbiting in November and December. There were relationship between relative humidity and rain fall withAnopheles density and Anopheles density with malaria incidence one month later.Keywords: Spatial distribution, Anopheles and Lapung Provinc
STUDI POPULASI VEKTOR MURINE TYPHUS (XENOPSYELLA CHEOPIS) DI DAERAH ENDEMIS LEPTOSPIROSIS, KOTA SEMARANG, JAWA TENGAH
No full textMurine typhus dan leptospirosis memiliki kecenderungan berbagi rute dalam penularan terutama di daerahdengan populasi tikus yang tinggi. Infeksi ganda penyakit ini pernah dilaporkan di Asia Tenggara danmempersulit pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat populasi vektor murine typhus, X. cheopis didaerah endemis leptospirosis di Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan di lima kelurahandengan kasus leptospirosis tertinggi pada tahun 2011 (Kelurahan Sambiroto, Sendangguwo, Tandang,Bulustalan, dan Randusari). Metode penelitian adalah survei dengan melakukan penangkapan tikus,pengumpulan dan identifikasi ektoparasit tikus serta menghitung indeks khusus X. cheopis. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan keberhasilan pengangkapan tikus sebesar 8,5%, tikus terinfestasi X. cheopis 28%, dan indekX. cheopis sebesar 0,68%. Disimpulkan Kota Semarang berpotensi terhadap penularan murine typhus.
BIONOMIK NYAMUK MANSONIA DAN ANOPHELES DI DESA KARYA MAKMUR, KABUPATEN OKU TIMUR
No full textAbstract Lymphatic filariasis is still become the health problem in Indonesia, the disease almost found inthe entire area with fairly high level endemicity. Karya Makmur Village, Madang Suku III District, EastOgan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatera Province in 2007 has micofilariae rate of 1,05% based fromblood survey. The aims of the research is to identify vector and the breeding habitat. This research has beenconducted in Karya Makmur Village from May to November 2011. This type of research is noninterventionstudy with spot survey research design. Mosquitoes collection using human landing andresting collection methods, while mosquito larvae were collected from breeding sites. This research found14 species of Mansonia and Anopheles were collected and the species were Mansonia uniformis, Ma.annulata, Ma. indiana, Ma. dives, Ma. bonneae, Ma. annulifera, Anopheles nigerrimus , An. annularis, An.maculatus, An. letifer, An. vagus, An. barbumbrosus, An. barbirostris and An. tesselatus. Mansoniauniformis and Anopheles nigerrimus was confirmed as filariasis vector but none containing microfilariae.Breeding habitat of Anopheles have water temperature 280C — 300C and pH 7 with vegetation (grass andEichhornia crassipes / water hyacinth) and predator (Oreochromis niloticus / nile tilapia and Aplocheiluspanchax / fish head lead). Thus the community are expected to behave positively, especially avoidmosquito bites and manipulate the environment that potentially as mosquito larvae breeding habitat.Keywords: Mansonia, Anopheles, filariasis, Karya Makmur Village AbstrakFilariasis limfatik masih merupakan masalah kesehatandi Indonesia, penyebaran penyakit ini hampirdi seluruh wilayah dan dibeberapa daerah dengan tingkatendemic yang cukup tinggi. Desa Karya Makmur, Kecamatan Madang SukuIII, Kabupaten Ogan KomeringUlu Timur, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan pada tahun2007, mikrofilariarate sebesar1,05% berdasarkansurvey darah jari. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui vektor danhabitat perkembangbiakannya. Penelitian dilakukandi Desa Karya Makmur mulai bulanMei sampaiNovember 2011. Jenis penelitian adalah non-intervensi dengan disain survei sewaktu atauspot survei. Penangkapan nyamuk dengan metodehuman landing (umpan orang) danresting collection (hinggap/istirahatdi dalam dandi luar rumah), sedangkanlarva nyamuk dikumpulkan darihabitat perkembangbiakan. Hasil penelitian ditemukan14 spesies nyamuk yaitu Mansonia uniformis,Ma. annulata,Ma. indiana,Ma. dives, Ma. bonneae,Ma. annulifera,Anopheles nigerrimus , An. annularis,An. maculatus,An. letifer,An. vagus,An. barbumbrosus,An. barbirostris danAn. tesselatus. Nyamuk Mansonia uniformis danAnopheles nigerrimus dikonfirmasikan sebagai vektor filariasis namun tidak satupun dari nyamukyang tertangkap mengandung mikrofilaria.Habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Anopheles, suhuair berkisar antara280C —300C danpH 7 dengan vegetasi (rumput dan Eichhornia crassipes / eceng gondok) danpredator (Oreochromis niloticus / ikan nila dan Aplocheilus panchax / ikan kepala timah). Dengan demikian masyarakat diharapkan berperilaku positif terutama menghindarkan diri dari gigitan nyamuk penular dan memanipulasi lingkunganyang potensial sebagaihabitat perkembangbiakanlarva nyamuk.Kata kunci: Mansonia,Anopheles, filariasis, Desa Karya Makmu
KEJADIAN MALARIA TERKAIT LINGKUNGAN PEMUKIMAN DI KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
No full textUntil now, Malaria is still widespread in West Sumba District. This can be seen from the API (Annual Parasite Incidence) of 24,7 ‰ in 2011 and 24 ‰ in 2012. Even it was decreased from 2011, it remains in HCI (High Case Incidence) strata. Various effort has been carried out to control the disease such as prevention by vector control activities, therapy for patients with clinical symptoms and laboratory confirmed. All efforts seems has not shown significant result. This study is a literature review about the incidence of malaria related to residential neighborhoods in West Sumba District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Up to now, People still maintain the tradition of Western Sumba traditional homes, so that we will see traditional houses from remote areas to the center of the city, thus these will lead to health consequences of the community
SNAIL GENERA VARIATION IN FOCUS AREA OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS INTERMEDIATE SNAIL IN LINDU PLATEAU, CENTRAL SULAWESI
No full textBeberapa penyakit parasitik pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh cacing trematoda seperti schistomiasis, echinostomiasis, paragonimiasis, dan sebagai hospes perantara adalah oleh beberapa anggota famili keong air tawar. Schistosomiasis merupakan penyakit parasitik yang endemis di Indonesia, khususnya di Dataran Tinggi Napu, Lindu dan Bada, Sulawesi Tengah. Informasi mengenai genus keong yang ditemukan di daerah fokus keong perantara schistosomiasis diperlukan dalam menentukan potensi terjadinya penularan penyakit akibat cacing trematoda yang lain. Survei dilakukan di dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah pada Bulan Juli 2013. Identifikasi keong dilakukan menggunakan kunci determinasi keong air tawar di Laboratorium Parasitologi, Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala. Jenis keong yang ditemukan meliputi Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis, Melanoides sp., Helicorbis sp., Indoplanorbis sp. yang merupakan hospes perantara trematoda parasit. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa selain berpotensi dalam penularan schistosomiasis daerah tersebut juga berpotensi untuk terjadinya penularan penyakit akibat cacing trematoda lain, seperti Echinostomiasis dan Paragonimiasis.
Kata kunci: variasi, keong, schistosomiasi
Aplikasi Teknik Diagnosis Schistosomiasis Berbasis Molekuler
No full textSchistosomiasis ranks second only to malaria in a public health problem in the world.Schistosomiasis in Indonesia is endemic in Central Sulawesi, which is in Lindu, Napu andBada Highland. The disease is caused by trematodes worm, Schistosoma spp and requiresfreshwater snails as the intermediate host. The World Health Organization (WHO)recommends schistosomiasis research focus is the development and evaluation of newstrategies and tools for disease control. This paper aims to describe several moleculartechniques to detect schistosomiasis in human or intermediate snails. This paperarranged by compiled based search journals and scientific articles related moleculartechniques for detecting schistosomiasis using PCR and LAMP. Molecular basedtechniques for schistosomiasis diagnostic have been developed in several countries, suchas pcr and lamp. Several studies have compared the techniques of schistosomiasisdiagnosis in human by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the technique of loopmediatedisothermal amplification (LAMP). Several studies show the results of pcr andlamp applications to detect dna schistosoma on snails. Based on the results of variousstudies, it is known applications, advantages and disadvantages of each - each technique. Schistosomiasis menempati urutan kedua setelah malaria dalam masalah kesehatanmasyarakat di dunia. Schistosomiasis di Indonesia ditemukan endemis di SulawesiTengah, yaitu di Dataran Tinggi Lindu, Napu dan Bada. Penyakit ini disebabkan olehcacing Trematoda, Schistosoma spp dan membutuhkan keong air tawar sebagai hospesperantaranya. Badan Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) merekomendasikan fokus penelitianschistosomiasis adalah pengembangan dan evaluasi strategi dan alat baru untukpengendalian penyakit. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa teknikmolekuler untuk mendeteksi schistosomiasis baik pada manusia maupun keongperantaranya. Tulisan disusun berdasarkan penelusuran jurnal dan artikel ilmiahterkait teknik molekuler PCR dan LAMP untuk mendeteksi schistosomiasis. Teknikdiagnosis schistosomiasis berdasarkan molekuler telah banyak dikembangkan dibeberapa negara, diantaranya adalah PCR dan LAMP. Beberapa penelitianmembandingkan teknik diagnosis schistosomiasis dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) dengan teknik Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP). Beberapa studimenunjukkan hasil dari aplikasi teknik PCR dan LAMP untuk mendeteksi DNASchistosoma pada keong. Berdasarkan hasil dari berbagai penelitian tersebut, dapatdiketahui aplikasi, kelebihan dan kekurangan dari masing – masing teknik