e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
Not a member yet
4975 research outputs found
Sort by
KAJIAN RISIKO KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT AKIBAT PAJANAN MERKURI PADA PERTAMBANGAN EMAS RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN LEBAK, BANTEN
No full textIndonesia has artisanal gold mining spreading throughout the archipelago, one of which is located in Lebak District of Banten Province. The artisanal gold mining usually use mercury in the amalgamation process. The latest fact showed that mercury used in artisanal gold minings has been directly discharged to the surrounding environment, polluting soil and rivers. Whereas mercury is considered as one of the hazardous and toxic waste (B3) that cannot be directly discharged to the environment as it can cause several health problems. The purpose of this research is to identify mercury concentrations in the environment of Cibeber and Bayah Sub Districts, Lebak District, Banten Province and its effect to the health of community who is in contact with the disposed mercury. This is an analytic descriptive research that uses a health risk assessment method and quantitative approach. This research reveals that mercury concentrations in samples of water, fish, vegetables, and soil taken from the surrounding environment in the research location have exceeded the quality standard which respectively average 0,04695 mg/l, 0,5175 mg/kg, 0,173 mg/kg, and 0,165 mg/kg. The health risk assessment shows that community lives surrounding the gold mining has potency to suffer related health problems as the RQ rate is higher than 1 (RQ = 18,5756)
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PEDULI REMAJA (PKPR) DI TINGKAT PUSKESMAS DKI JAKARTA
No full textABSTRACT Care for Adolescent Health Services (PKPR) is a health care program aimed for adolescents in the health centers, which are expected to provide servicesin order to realize the healthy adolescents. The research method used cross-sectional and qualitative data obtained from the working area of health centers in Jakarta to know the implementation oft he program PKPR in 2011. Samples were selected purposively composed of and consisted of informants’ teenagers and health center personnel’s. Primary and secondary data were taken by using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) and observation service facilities. The results are PKPR activities still limited to counseling in schools with material adolescent reproductive health, adolescents who came to the health center not get services as shown by flow of PKPR models, adolescent’ access to health centers constrained with learning activities, there were still health centers that have not done the training of peer counselors, there was no allocation of sufficient funds for PKPR activities, educational materials are lacking, limited educational learning tools and transportation as well as room services, also the officials’ understanding of the program is still lacking. Cross-sectoral cooperation has not been used to gain support for the implementation of specific PKPR at schools. The conclusion is the implementation of the PKPR program in the health center not meet the criteria as specified adolescent services because there in sufficient financial support, infra structure, and human resources. PKPR socialization is necessary and the full support of local governments in PKPR program in their respective working area of health centers. Keywords: Service, adolescent, health personnel ABSTRAK Pelayanan Kesehatan Peduli Remaja (PKPR) merupakan program pelayanan kesehatan yang ditujukan untuk remaja di puskesmas, diharapkan mampu memberikan pelayanan agar dapat mewujudkan remaja sehat. Metode penelitian dengan potong lintang dan data yang diambil untuk tulisan ini adalah kualitatif pada wilayah kerja puskesmas di Kota Jakarta untuk mengetahui implementasi program dari PKPR pada tahun 2011. Sampel dipilih secara purposif terdiri dari informan remaja dan petugas puskesmas. Data yang diambil sekunder dan primer yaitu wawancara mendalam dan FGD serta observasi fasilitas pelayanan. Hasil dari penelitian adalah kegiatan PKPR masih terbatas pada penyuluhan di sekolah dengan materi kesehatan reproduksi remaja, remaja yang datang ke Puskesmas belum mendapat pelayanan seperti alur model pelayanan PKPR, akses remaja ke puskesmas terbentur dengan kegiatan belajar, masih adanya Puskesmas yang belum melakukan pelatihan konselor sebaya, belum ada alokasi dana yang cukup untuk kegiatan PKPR, bahan-bahan penyuluhan masih kurang, terbatasnya alat bantu pembelajaran edukatif dan transportasi serta ruangan pelayanan, serta pemahaman petugas tentang program masih kurang. Kerjasama lintas sektor belum digunakan untuk menggalang dukungan bagi terselenggaranya PKPR khusus bagi sekolah-sekolah. Kesimpulan adalah pelaksanaan program PKPR di Jakarta belum memenuhi kriteria pelayanan remaja seperti yang ditetapkan karena belum cukupnya dukungan dana, sarana prasarana, tenaga. Perlu perluasan sosialisasi PKPR dan dukungan penuh pemerintahan daerah dalam program PKPR di masing-masing wilayah kerja puskesmas. Kata kunci: Pelayanan, remaja, petugas kesehata
STATUS KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL DAN MORBIDITAS ANAK DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI TAHUN 2006
No full textIndicators size from mother's alive continuance and child in general accept as indicator ismother's mortality rate (MMR), Child mortaiity rate (CMR) in belong baby/infant mortality rate (IMR).The important get indicator from accumulator use and AKB as well-being degree indicator appointed inIndonesia wells 2010 and Goals' Development's Millenium (MDGs' (WHO's, 2003). So that child andmaternal health program execution goes well, Supposed permanent child and maternal health programservice quality enhanced aspect is good principal priority activity is increased primary health care(Puskesmas) also at regency/city level. Watchfulness as support "evidence data" based on wisdom andaccumulator depreciation intervention and CMR. Aim to detect pregnant mother's well-being status andchild well-being status at Sukabumi's regency year 2006. Mother's the result ever pregnant more than 4times (24%). Abortion insident 13% and because too much activities (59%). Body mass index ("KEK")19,7% and purple (KEK 19,5% pregnant complication at most vomits to over do (27%), (26%) and heartsickness (16%) and swollen in foot and face (14%). Undesirable pregnancy (4%). Delivery complication atmost because "ketuban pecah dini" (44%), Afterbirth retention (28%) and bleeding (20%). Sexciooperation caesaria 1, 1% and low birth weight/BBLR as big as 14,5%. Underbelly pain childbedcomplication 18,7%. Child pneumonia prevalence 3,3%, prevalence poliomielitis 1, 2% and prevalencepertusis 3, 6%.Keywords: Abortion, Unwanted pregnancy, Pregnant complication, Delivery complicatio
PENGEMBANGAN STRATEGI DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN HIV/AIDS MELALUI PENDEKATAN SOSIAL BUDAYA
No full textABSTRACT West Sumatra province is one province in Indonesia which increased HIV and AIDS cases every year, and Bukittinggi is the case with the highest AIDS rate in west sumatra. The purpose of research is to describe about the strategy that can be developed in response to hiv based on social and cultural approach. This study is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques through in-depth interviews with the HIV and AIDS risk group, and informants derived from the relevant agencies. Data processing and analysis were conducted qualitatively. The results showed that there are several steps that may be developed in an effort to combat HIV/AIDS approach that is based on an increase in social and cultural strategy information and community awareness of HIV/AIDS in a comprehensive manner, and institution strengthening community empowerment, improving the access of regulations coverage in and support the strengthed efforts to combat HIV/AIDS. Keywords: The strategy, HIV/AIDS, social and cultural ABSTRAK Provinsi Sumatera Barat termasuk salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang mengalami peningkatan kasus HIV/AIDS setiap tahunnya, dan Bukittinggi merupakan kota dengan case rate AIDS tertinggi di Sumbar. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tentang strategi yang dapat dikembangkan dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV/AIDS yang didasarkan pada pendekatan sosial budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan penderita HIV/AIDS dan kelompok yang berisiko, dan informan yang berasal dari instansi terkait. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa ada beberapa strategi yang dapat dikembangkan dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV/AIDS berdasarkan pendekatan sosial budaya yaitu strategi peningkatan informasi dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang HIV/AIDS secara komprehensif, pemberdayaan masyarakat dan penguatan kelembagaan, peningkatan akses jangkauan pelayanan dan dukungan penguatan regulasi dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV/AIDS. Kata kunci: Strategi, HIV/AIDS, Sosial Buday
Faktor Risiko Perilaku dan Lingkungan dalam Penularan Malaria di Pulau Sebatik, Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Timur
No full textMalaria transmission is influenced by several factors, including parasites, human, mosquito and environment. In 2009, slide positive rate (SPR) in Puskesmas Aji Kuning, Sungai Nyamuk and Setabu in Sebatik Island were identified as amount 63,61%, 28,04% and 30,12% respectively, while the target malaria pre-elimination SPR < 5%. The aim of this study was to determine the behavioral and environmental risk factors of malaria transmission. This is a cross sectional study and the number of sample were 101 respondents. The results showed that there was significant association between the habit of using mosquito nets, the habit of using mosquito coils, repellent and others, the respondent's house near breeding mosquitoes habitats and the respondent’s house near the cocoa/coffee plantation with the occurrence of malaria cases. Relative risk (RR) value were 2,0, 2,3, 2,9 and 1,7, respectively. Behavioral risk factors of malaria transmission were the habit of using a mosquito nets and habit of using mosquito coils, repellent and others. Environmental risk of malaria transmission were the house near mosquito breeding habitats, and the house near the cocoa and coffee plantation
Uji Saring Antigen dan Antibodi Hepatitis C Virus pada Darah Donor
Get PDFAbstractAccording to the data from Central Blood Transfusion Unit, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in blood donors in Indonesia and especially Jakarta in 2012 were 0.39% and 0.36% respectively. Screening of blood donor may reduce the risk of HCV transmission. Aim of this study was to know the sensitivity and specificity of the antigen-antibody serology A local of test compared to Nucleic Acid Test (NAT), should 99.8 % sensitivity and 95% specificity. 135 samples were included, 35 samples NAT HCV positive and 100 samples negative. These samples will be screened by Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay (CMIA) anti HCV, HCV Ag-Ab by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and if there were differences results of NAT HCV, HCV CMIA and ELISA HCV Ag-Ab, the samples were examined using immunoblot HCV. Of the 135 samples, the Ag-Ab ELISA against 35 HCV RNA positive samples showed positive results also, but at 100 HCV RNA negative samples, the results showed 3 reactive and 97 non reactive. Moreover, the 35 HCV RNA positive samples were tested by anti-HCV CMIA showing the reactive results on 35 samples and in 100 HCV RNA negative samples, the results showed 11 reactive and 89 non reactive. Sensitivity of CMIA and NAT was 100%, specificity 89%. Sensitivity of Ag-Ab ELISA and NAT was 100% and specificity 97%. We concluded that the analysis of HCV by ELISA meets the standard criteria for screening of donor blood but not for CMIA.Keywords : Hepatitis C, Anti-HCV, HCV Ab-Ag, NATAbstrakBerdasarkan data dari Unit Transfusi Darah Pusat, prevalensi hepatitis C virus (HCV) pada darah donor di Indonesia dan Jakarta pada khususnya tahun 2012 adalah 0,39% dan 0,36%. Uji saring darah donor dapat menurunkan risiko tertular HCV. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sensitivitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan serologi antigen-antibodi yang memenuhi standard metoda NAT, sensitivitas 99,8% dan spesifisitas 95%. Pemeriksaan 135 darah donor, terdiri dari 35 positif dan 100 negatif dengan NAT HCV, yang diuji saring anti-HCV dengan CMIA, Ab-Ag HCV dengan ELISA dan bila ada perbedaan hasil antara NAT HCV, CMIA HCV dan ELISA Ag-Ab HCV, maka dilakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan imunoblot HCV. Dari 135 sampel, hasil ELISA Ag-Ab HCV terhadap 35 sampel positif RNA HCV juga menunjukkan hasil positif pada seluruhnya, tetapi pada 100 sampel negatif RNA HCV terdapat 3 sampel reaktif dan 97 non reaktif. Hasil pemeriksaan CMIA anti-HCV pada 35 sampel positif RNA HCV menunjukkan reaktif pada 35 sampel dan pada 100 sampel negatif RNA HCV terdapat 11 reaktif dan 89 non reaktif. Sensitivitas CMIA dengan NAT HCV 100%, spesifisitasnya 89%. Sensitivitas ELISA dengan NAT HCV 100%, spesifisitasnya 97%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah pemeriksaan Antigen-Antibodi HCV ELISA memenuhi kriteria standar untuk digunakan sebagai uji saring darah donor sedangkan pemeriksaan Antibodi HCV CMIA tidak memenuhi kriteria standar sebagai uji saring darah donor.Kata kunci : Hepatitis C, Anti-HCV, Ab-Ag HCV, NA
GAMBARAN SOSIODEMOGRAFI PEROKOK PASIF DENGAN ISPA DAN FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA RISKESDAS 2013)
Get PDFABSTRACTPassive smokers are more at risk of disease than active smokers. One of the diseases is Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI). The aim of this study was to obtain the sociodemographic profile of passive smokers with ARI in Indonesia and associated factors with ARI among children under-five based on Riskesdas 2013 data. The method of this study was cross-sectional, data taken from 497 districs/cities consisted of 33 provinces. Sample was respondent who has been exposed to cigarette smoke from one or more household members who smoked in the house. The results showed that prevalence of passive smokers in Indonesia was 58,9%, and 13,8% of it was suffering ARI. While, the prevalence of passive smokers on children under-five was 56,0%, and 25,7% of it was suffering AN. Factors associated with the occurrence of ARI among children were male (OR 1,06; 95%CI 1,00-1,32), younger than 24 months (OR 1,08; 95%CI 1,02-1,15), and having low maternal education (OR 1,12; 95% CI 1,03 — 1,21). It can be concluded that the prevalence of passive smokers with AN in Indonesia is still relatively high, especially among children under-five (25,7%). This study denotes the smoking habits at home are still quite high especially in families with children under-five.Keywords: Passive smokers, AN children under-five, Riskesdas ABSTRAKPerokok pasif lebih rentan terkena penyakit dibandingkan perokok aktif, salah satunya adalah penyakit ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran sosiodemografi perokok pasif dengan ISPA, dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan ISPA pada balita perokok pasif berdasarkan data Riskesdas 2013. Metode penelitian adalah cross sectional di 497 kabupaten/kota di 33 provinsi di Indonesia. Sampel adalah responden yang terpapar asap rokok di dalam rumah oleh karena ada seorang atau lebih anggota rumah tangga yang merokok di dalam rumah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi perokok pasif di Indonesia sebesar 58,9%, dan yang menderita ISPA 13,8%. Prevalensi perokok pasif pada balita sebesar 56,0% sedang yang menderita ISPA sebesar 25,7%. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita perokok pasif adalah jenis kelamin laki laki (OR 1,06; 95%CI 1,00-1,32), umur < 24 bulan (OR 1,08; 95%CI 1,02-1,15), dan pendidikan ibu rendah (OR 1,12; 95%CI 1,03-1,21). Disimpulkan bahwa prevalensi perokok pasif dengan ISPA di Indonesia masih relatif tinggi terutama pada balita (25,7%). Ini memperlihatkan kebiasaan merokok anggota keluarga di dalam rumah masih cukup tinggi terlebih pada keluarga yang mempunyai balita.Kata kunci: Perokok pasif, ISPA, balita, Riskesda