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Foreign Language Education in Japan in the Global Age
Get PDFFor foreign language education in the global age, communication ability and intercultural understanding are two inseparable key factors. So far, the Japanese educational administration has decided on the introduction of early stage English instruction, making it a compulsory subject. Furthermore, the business world is demanding the use of TOEFL as a requirement for admission to or graduation from universities. The former reform places a greater weight on an accelerated improvement of English conversation ability, rather than on intercultural understanding. If schools abandon the search for the potential abilities of each student, many students could become useless human resources in our modern global and high tech society, where people need to develop the innovative ability to think independently.departmental bulletin pape
Investigation of Anime Word-formation Characteristics of Japanese Loanwords
Get PDFFrom mid 19th century through early 20th century, there arose a surge of loanwords from Japanese into Chinese vocabulary. The loaning of Japanese words during this period covered such aspects as politics, economics, culture and life, etc., marked by large scale and all dimension. Almost half a century later, 1980s when reform and opening-up policy was comprehensively adopted in China witnessed another surge of loanwords from Japanese into Chinese vocabulary. Compared with the previous one, this surge is characterized by its unique feature. Although it is no match for its predecessor in terms of covered fields, it is not at all inferior to its former counterpart in terms of amount of loanwords. This surge of loanwords from Japanese mainly deals with vocabularies in such fields as economics and social culture, whereas those loanwords derived from cartoon culture occupy a large share among the loanwords belonging to social culture. Taking the Japanese loanwords derived from cartoon works as studying object, this article tries to investigate their formation characteristics from the perspective of their development.departmental bulletin pape
The Acceptance and Transfiguration of Japanese Loanword “Kongchao” Analyzed in Terms of Memetics
Get PDFThis paper firstly analyzes threes steps of the generalization of catchwords from the
perspective of memetics, and then tries to elaborate on the reasons of the generalization.
At last, this paper finds that mutual-effect seizes the generalization of catchwords and the changes of the social facts.departmental bulletin pape
Elements of Grammar: An Analysis of the Core Components of the Lexicogrammar of Japanese
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to provide the methods and concepts employed in the description the lexicogrammar of Japanese. The approach to be taken for this investigation is an exploratory one, which is presented through an analysis of so-called ‘clause-final expressions’ (CFEs) in Japanese. The proposal made in this analysis is to be incorporated into the description of a Japanese grammar from a Systemic Functional perspective – an SFG for Japanese (or JSFG for short) – that draws on the Cardiff Grammar approach for its theoretical concepts.
However, the concept CFE is a cover term for various items that typically occur after the Main Predicate (which realizes a Process), and it has no place in an explicit grammar of Japanese. CFEs express a range of categories, including what I shall refer to, borrowing Fawcett’ terms, as ‘validity’, ‘control’ and others. Such items are often seen as equivalent to Auxiliaries in English. Yet is not possible, as Takubo 2009 shows, to specify criteria (morphological, syntactic or semantic) that will identify them as a class.
Here I argue that we should (i) reject the assumption that particular forms belong to particular classes and (ii) use the SFG concept of 'realization rules' to specify which items will expound which elements in which units at which layer of structure, and the conditions under which they do so. I will illustrate the first proposal from the case where the same form may function as either the Main Predicate or an Auxiliary, and the second from realization rules for the expression of ‘validity’ and ‘control’ meanings, where two elements (an Auxiliary and its Extension) realize a single semantic feature in the ‘validity’ network. This structure has interesting similarities to the functional structure of the so-called ‘phrasal modals’ such as “be able to” in the Cardiff Grammar.departmental bulletin pape
On the Synthetic Study of Selenium- and Tellurium-Containing Heterocycles (2) Reactions Involving Transformation of Selenium- and Tellurium-Containing Heterocycles
Get PDFThe preparations, reactions and functionalities of two types of the pyrylium salts (1- and 2-seleno- or telluro-pyrylium salts) are described. The 1-benzoselenopyrylium and 1-benzotelluropyrylium salts were prepared from the corresponding chromen-4-ones by the reduction and treatment with triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate in two steps. The 2-benzoselenopyrylium and 1-benzotelluropyrylium salts were obtained from the isochromenes. The sensitive stability to the nature of the substituents at the C-2 or C-3 positions on the pyrylium salts and the reactions with several nucleophiles including alkoxides, amines, cyanide ion, an active methyl compound (acetone) and Grignard reagents, and also hydrogenation and hydrolysis are described. The precursors, benzochromones and isochromenes have been obtained by the intramolecular cyclization of tellurols, selenols and related compounds to a triple bond as the synthetic strategy in the previous review.departmental bulletin pape
“Integrated Course” Senior High School Students’ Career Decision-Making Process: A Longitudinal Study on Indecisive Students’ Characteristics and Trends
Get PDF本稿の目的は、総合学科のカリキュラムが生徒の進路選択にどのように影響を与えているのかを明らかにすることである。多様なあるいは曖昧な進路希望を持って入学してきた生徒たちは、その進路希望に沿った科目を選択するわけだが、このような総合学科のカリキュラムは生徒たちの進路選択にどのような影響を与えているのだろうか。本稿では筆者が行った、ある総合学科高校におけるパネル調査の結果をもとに、生徒の科目選択という観点から、総合学科における生徒の進路選択の過程を明らかにしている。
分析では特に、当初の進路が「未定」だった者が「進学」や「就職」に進路変更する際にどのような要因が考えられるかを検証した。その結果、個人的な要因や家庭的な要因では目立った効果が見られなかった。学校的な要因でも、学業成績や普通科目の数学の履修単位数には顕著な効果が見られず、専門科目の総履修単位数が生徒を「就職」へと水路付けていたのである。このことは、多変量を用いたロジスティック回帰分析の結果においても確認された。
さらに時系列に沿ってより詳細に分析すると、総合学科高校において進路「未定」者が「就職」になる際の専門科目の効果は、高校生活の前半で特に顕著に見られた。普通科目ではなく工業や商業の専門科目を多く履修することは実質的にその後の生徒の進路選択を大きく制約してしまう。高校1年次の科目選択がその後の生徒の進路選択を決める。今回の結果はこのことを改めてデータの上で裏付けたものと言える。
The purpose of this paper is to clarify how the curriculum of “Integrated Course” senior high school affects the career choice of students. Students with vague course hope entered “Integrated Course” senior high school and experienced various learning courses in their first year. In their first year, they choose subjects according to their career expectations, but do subject choices ultimately have any influence on students’ course choices? Based on the result of a panel study in a certain “Integrated Course” senior high school, I clarify a process of a change of the career choice of the students from the viewpoint of curriculum tracking.
In this paper, I pay attention to the cause of change in expectation from “course undecided” to “entering a university” or “getting a job”. As a result of this analysis, I found that individual and family backgrounds had no effect on the change in the expectation. In addition, high school grades and course credits of mathematics had no effect on the change, too. It becomes clear that course credits of vocational subjects influence the change. Based upon the foregoing, it is suggested that the amount of credits of vocational subjects affects the course change in expectation from “course undecided” to “getting a job”. In addition, there was a statistically meaningful effect on the change. I used logistic regression analysis with individual subject grades, gender, domestic study time, and curriculum as the main independent variables to study the overall effect of these factors on the individual’s course change.
In addition to this, I analyzed these effects from a time-varying perspective. The result showed that the students who took many credits of vocational subjects were more likely to change the course in their first year of school life. This shows that curriculum tracking affects students’ course choices soon after entering “Integrated Course” senior high school. Subject choices in their first year decide their career choices. This research backed up the fact by data.departmental bulletin pape
Possibilities for English Education through Literary and Film Works
Get PDFThe traditional system for English education in Japan was not thought to be responsive to the needs of Japanese learners of English. Today’s English education curriculum has come to focus more on communication skills. English proficiency tests such as TOEFL and TOEIC have accordingly become important for assessing the communicative English proficiency of English learners. During the course of “improving” the educational system, however, literature as an English teaching material at college has been dismissed as impractical, while movies as an English teaching material have become regarded as practical. In communication, what is more important than TOEFL/TOEIC scores is to have something worth talking about, something that will make others stop and listen. The underpinning of communication is respect for the cultural, social and historical background of others. The use of literature in language education, along with movies, is more relevant to the development of communication skills in the real sense of the term. This paper is intended as an investigation of the possibilities for English education through literary and film works.departmental bulletin pape
How to Teach Audio-Visual Speaking Lesson based on Input and Output Hypothesis
Get PDFIn view of the existing situation that some universities in china have cancelled the audio-visual speaking class in learning foreign language, this paper according to the input and output of second language acquisition theory, aims to clarify that audio-visual speaking class is a very important course for students to learn foreign language.
Experiments from teaching showed that audio-visual speaking class can help students a lot to improve their listening skill and speaking in learning foreign language, if teachers can motivate students by changing their traditional teaching method ,selecting the contents that conform to the trend of times ,natural language ,cultural connotation and students are interested in.departmental bulletin pape