Islamic University of Gaza
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Epidemiology of acute diarrheal diseases among Children under five in Gaza Strip: Post war community based study
Full text linkDiarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years old, and is responsible for
killing around 760 000 children every year. To study the determinants and the magnitude of acute diarrheal diseases one
month after the cessation of the third Israeli aggression against Gaza Strip and to assess its burden among the children
under five. This is cross sectional design study. Data has been collected throughout Gaza Strip. The sample size included
705 women from three governorates were surveyed out of five. Eligible women were interviewed using a pre designed,
pre tested interview questionnaire. The period ( last month and the point ( 24 hours prevalence rates of diarrheal diseases
among children under five years were 46.1% and 17.7% respectively. The Sex of the child had no significant effect on
both point and period prevalence of diarrhea. More than sixty percent ( 63.3% of period prevalence of diarrhea was
recorded among children that have no exclusive breastfeeding before. There are no significant differences for the point
prevalence as a result of introducing the complementary feeding. Period and point prevalence rates of diarrhea were not
significantly related to the room number. Both rates were higher for children in homes without refrigerators but only
significant for point prevalence. It was found that 62.1% of the mother increased fluid intake, 54% of them used ORS.
Drugs like anti diarrhea and herbal drugs were used by ( 61.4% and 40.3% respectively of the participating mothers.
Cleaning of drinking water tanks and the domestic tanks have played a role in reducing the occurrence of diarrhea among
children under five with highly statistically significant between both of them. It is concluded that there was high point
and period prevalence of diarrhoea still exists among children in Gaza Strip. It is recommended to start to search for
diarrhoea causes to reduce its incidence
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among university female students, Gaza, Palestine
No full textBackground:
The intestinal parasites are still endemic among children, women, and men in Gaza Strip.
Objectives:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of intestinal parasites among young female students of Islamic University of Gaza to report the existence and prevalence of intestinal parasites.
Methods:
A total of 305 stool samples were collected from female students in all faculties and were examined by wet mount and formal ether sedimentation technique.
Results:
This study showed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 20.6%. The detected intestinal parasites were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar ( 7.5% , Giardia lamblia ( 4.9% , Ascaris lumbricoides ( 0.3% , Entamoeba coli ( 2.6% , Dientamoeba fragilis ( 1.0% , and Blastocystis hominis ( 3.9% . Science students showed the highest prevalence for parasitic infections ( 35.3% , and married students ( 16.7% had higher prevalence than single students ( 6.5% .
Conclusion:
It was concluded that female students also are under risk of gaining parasitic infection in spite of their education. It is recommended that university students should be subjected to regular medical examinations for parasitic infections
ضغوط الحياة الناجمة عن إجراءات الحجر الصحي لمنع تفشي فيروس كورونا coved-19 في قطاع غزة. " دراسة مطبقة على عينة من سكان قطاع غزة"
No full textThe study aimed to determine the life pressures resulting from the quarantine procedures to prevent the spread of the Coronavirus in the Gaza Strip and measure its level, as the researcher used the social survey method in the sampling method on a random sample of (531) residents of the Gaza Strip, and the researcher used the questionnaire tool to reveal the results of the study, The study found that the highest level of life stress resulting from quarantine measures to prevent the outbreak of the Corona virus, and in order, are economic pressures and their level is high, then social pressures and their level is high, then health pressures and their level is high, then psychological pressure and its level is medium and finally family pressure and its level is medium
The study also found statistically significant differences in life pressures resulting from quarantine procedures to prevent the Corona virus attributable to the gender variable in favor of females over males, and the study also found statistically significant differences in life pressures resulting from quarantine procedures to prevent the Corona virus attributable to the age variable in favor of the age group From 30 to less than 40 years, in addition to the absence of statistically significant differences in life pressures resulting from quarantine measures to prevent the Corona virus attributable to the educational level variable, and finally, in light of discussing the results, the researcher suggested a set of recommendations.هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد الضغوط الحياة الناجمة عن إجراءات الحجر الصحي لمنع تفشي فيروس كورونا في قطاع وقياس مستواها، حيث استخدم الباحث منهج المسح الاجتماعي بأسلوب العينة على عينة عشوائية من سكان قطاع غزة وعددهم (531) مفردة، واستعان الباحث بأداة الاستبانة للكشف عن نتائج الدراسة، توصلت الدراسة إلى أن أعلى مستوى لضغوط الحياة الناتجة عن إجراءات الحجر الصحي لمنع تفشي فيروس كورونا وبالترتيب هي الضغوط الاقتصادية ومستواها مرتفع، ثم الضغوط الاجتماعية ومستواها مرتفع، ثم الضغوط الصحية ومستواها مرتفع ثم الضغوط النفسية ومستواها متوسط وأخيرا الضغوط الاسرية ومستواها متوسط، كما وجدت الدراسة فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية في ضغوط الحياة الناجمة عن إجراءات الحجر الصحي لمنع فيروس كرورنا تعزي لمتغير النوع لصالح الاناث على الذكور، كما وجدت الدراسة فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية في ضغوط الحياة الناجمة عن إجراءات الحجر الصحي لمنع فيروس كرورنا تعزي لمتغير السن لصالح الفئة العمرية من 30 الي أقل من 40 سنة، بالإضافة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في ضغوط الحياة الناجمة عن إجراءات الحجر الصحي لمنع فيروس كرورنا تعزي لمتغير المستوي التعلمي، وأخيراً في ضوء مناقشة النتائج اقترح الباحث مجموعة من التوصيات
العلاقة بين كفاءة مدير المشاريع و اداء الموظفين في صناعة التشييد في قطاع غزة
No full textProjects managers‟ competencies are one of the factors that have the greatest impact on the employees' performance in construction projects. However, many construction companies appear to give insufficient attention to the issues related to improving the competencies of their project managers. This study investigated the relationship between projects managers' competencies and employees' performance under the setting of Gaza construction firms. It aims to identify the competencies required for the contractor's projects managers that contribute towards the employees' performance and exploring the most effective methods for developing the construction project manager competencies. A questionnaire survey was used. A total of 110 structured questionnaires were distributed targeting project managers, 94 valid questionnaires to be used for further discussions with a response rate of 85.5%. The results show that the employees' performance in construction projects is highly affected by the competences of the project manage. It is found that the top three measures of construction employees' performance according to its influence by the competencies of the project‟s managers are; „productivity‟, „compliance with work instructions‟ and „working after regular working time‟. Whereas to influence the employees' performance, the top three most important competencies needed for project manager were: „communication skills‟, „team management‟ and „problem solving‟. The best methods to develop the project manager's competencies are „on-the job training‟, „off-the job training‟ and „Observing experienced others‟.تعتبر كفاءات مديري المشاريع من العوامل التي لها التأثير الأكبر على أداء الموظفين في مشاريع البناء. ومع ذلك ، يبدو أن العديد من شركات المقاولات لا تولي اهتماما كافيا للقضايا المتعلقة بتحسين كفاءات مديري مشاريعهم. تناولت هذه الدراسة العلاقة بين كفاءات مديري المشاريع وأداء الموظفين في ظل ظروف شركات البناء في غزة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد الكفاءات المطلوبة لمديري مشاريع المقاول التي تساهم في أداء الموظفين واستكشاف أكثر الطرق فعالية لتطوير كفاءات مدير مشروع البناء. تم استخدام الاستبيانة لجمع المعلومات حيث تم توزيع ما مجموعه 110 استبيانات تستهدف مديري المشاريع ، و تم استرداد 94 استبيانًة صالحًة لاستخدامها في مزيد من المناقشات بمعدل استجابة 85.5٪. أظهرت النتائج أن أداء الموظفين في مشاريع البناء يتأثر بشكل كبير بكفاءات مدير المشروع. لقد وجد أن أعلى ثلاثة مقاييس لأداء العاملين في البناء حسب تأثيرها من قبل كفاءات مديري المشروع هي: "الإنتاجية" ، "الامتثال لتعليمات العمل" و "العمل بعد وقت العمل المعتاد". في حين للتأثير على أداء الموظفين ، كانت أهم ثلاث كفاءات مطلوبة لمدير المشروع هي: "مهارات الاتصال" و "إدارة الفريق" و "حل المشكلات".و يعتبر أفضل الطرق لتطوير كفاءات مدير المشروع هي "التدريب أثناء العمل" و "التدريب خارج العمل" و "مراقبة الآخرين ذوي الخبرة"
Potential applications of geopolymer concrete in construction: A review
No full textThe environmental aspects of sustainable development in the construction industry consist of the utilization of secondary raw materials and materials which can be recycled in the design and construction of new structures. The preliminary and inevitable interest in the use of full or partial replacements of by-products as complementary pozzolanic materials was mostly induced by the enforcement of the reduction/elimination of the greenhouse gas emission from the production of Portland cement. With the significant evolution of geopolymer concrete as an alternative for Portland cement in the past decade, it is necessary to explore possible construction applications in which geopolymer concrete can be utilized. Hence, this review paper was carried out to explore various elements such as the precursors used in geopolymers concrete and their corresponding applications. The environmental impacts of various geopolymer concrete are also discussed. This paper also presents an overview of the real applications of geopolymer concrete for the construction of various infrastructures. Recommendations and prospects for geopolymer concrete are also provided.The environmental aspects of sustainable development in the construction industry consist of the utilization of secondary raw materials and materials which can be recycled in the design and construction of new structures. The preliminary and inevitable interest in the use of full or partial replacements of by-products as complementary pozzolanic materials was mostly induced by the enforcement of the reduction/elimination of the greenhouse gas emission from the production of Portland cement. With the significant evolution of geopolymer concrete as an alternative for Portland cement in the past decade, it is necessary to explore possible construction applications in which geopolymer concrete can be utilized. Hence, this review paper was carried out to explore various elements such as the precursors used in geopolymers concrete and their corresponding applications. The environmental impacts of various geopolymer concrete are also discussed. This paper also presents an overview of the real applications of geopolymer concrete for the construction of various infrastructures. Recommendations and prospects for geopolymer concrete are also provided
Engineering properties of self-cured normal and high strength concrete produced using polyethylene glycol and porous ceramic waste as coarse aggregate
No full textThis study investigates the effect of curing regimes generally used for self-curing concretes (SC) on the engineering properties of normal strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC). This study also examines the effect of exposing SC concrete to high temperatures up to 800 °C. This study applies five types of curing regimes. The first type is immersing concrete samples in a water tank. The second type is placing concrete samples in the air under lab conditions without curing. The third type is using different polyethylene glycol (PEG) doses by 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of cement mass. The fourth type is using porous ceramic wastes aggregate (PCWA) as a course aggregate replacement by 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The fifth type is combining PEG doses by 1% and 2% with 10% of PCWA. Tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of compressive, splitting, and flexural strength. The durability tests such as water absorption, water sorptivity, water permeability, chloride ion penetrability, carbonation depth and drying shrinkage were investigated. Weight loss and residual compressive strength tests were performed after exposure to high temperatures. The study recommends three self-curing regimes for NSC AND HSC based on a) compressive strength achieved, b) durability and c) mechanical and durability performance of concrete subjected to high temperatures. First: SC regime with a combination of 2% PEG and 10% PCWA achieved the maximum compressive strength of concrete that was reported to be 14.7% and 19.3% higher for NSC and HSC, respectively, compared to water immersion curing technique. Second: SC regime with a dose of 3% PEG (NCP3) achieved the optimum durability properties of NSC and HSC that were studied in this research. Third: SC regime, replacing coarse aggregate by PCWA up to 25%, that reduced the deleterious effects of high temperature on density loss and compressive strength.This study investigates the effect of curing regimes generally used for self-curing concretes (SC) on the engineering properties of normal strength concrete (NSC) and high-strength concrete (HSC). This study also examines the effect of exposing SC concrete to high temperatures up to 800 °C. This study applies five types of curing regimes. The first type is immersing concrete samples in a water tank. The second type is placing concrete samples in the air under lab conditions without curing. The third type is using different polyethylene glycol (PEG) doses by 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of cement mass. The fourth type is using porous ceramic wastes aggregate (PCWA) as a course aggregate replacement by 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The fifth type is combining PEG doses by 1% and 2% with 10% of PCWA. Tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of compressive, splitting, and flexural strength. The durability tests such as water absorption, water sorptivity, water permeability, chloride ion penetrability, carbonation depth and drying shrinkage were investigated. Weight loss and residual compressive strength tests were performed after exposure to high temperatures. The study recommends three self-curing regimes for NSC AND HSC based on a) compressive strength achieved, b) durability and c) mechanical and durability performance of concrete subjected to high temperatures. First: SC regime with a combination of 2% PEG and 10% PCWA achieved the maximum compressive strength of concrete that was reported to be 14.7% and 19.3% higher for NSC and HSC, respectively, compared to water immersion curing technique. Second: SC regime with a dose of 3% PEG (NCP3) achieved the optimum durability properties of NSC and HSC that were studied in this research. Third: SC regime, replacing coarse aggregate by PCWA up to 25%, that reduced the deleterious effects of high temperature on density loss and compressive strength
Fabrication of thermal insulation geopolymer bricks using ferrosilicon slag and alumina waste
No full textThe present study introduces the preparation of thermal insulation geopolymer bricks using ferrosilicon slag and alumina waste. Compressive strength, bulk density, cold and boiling water absorption, apparent porosity, thermal conductivity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterized the geopolymer paste. Ferrosilicon slag suffers from low alumina content. Thus, alumina is added to compensate for this deficiency. Pristine ferrosilicon slag and the SiO2/Al2O3 (Si/Al, ratio = 2) sample were prepared at different NaOH concentrations (i.e., 6, 8, 10, and 12 M; Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio = 2.5), different curing times (i.e., 3, 7, 14, and 28 days), and room temperature. The 8 M NaOH concentration achieved the best compressive strength. Accordingly, different Si/Al ratios were prepared and tested at 8 M NaOH, room temperature, and different curing times (i.e., 3, 7, 14, and 28 days). Results indicate that increasing the alumina content enhances the geopolymer properties but reduces the compressive strength of the prepared geopolymer. The sample with Si/Al ratio = 1 exhibited a higher compressive strength (10.9 MPa) than the other Si/Al ratios (i.e., 4, 3, 2, and 0.5) and the pristine ferrosilicon slag after 28 days of curing and at 8 M NaOH. The obtained value is consistent with the ASTM C62 and Egyptian standards. Furthermore, the addition of alumina waste decreased the thermal conductivity of the prepared geopolymer bricks.The present study introduces the preparation of thermal insulation geopolymer bricks using ferrosilicon slag and alumina waste. Compressive strength, bulk density, cold and boiling water absorption, apparent porosity, thermal conductivity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterized the geopolymer paste. Ferrosilicon slag suffers from low alumina content. Thus, alumina is added to compensate for this deficiency. Pristine ferrosilicon slag and the SiO2/Al2O3 (Si/Al, ratio = 2) sample were prepared at different NaOH concentrations (i.e., 6, 8, 10, and 12 M; Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio = 2.5), different curing times (i.e., 3, 7, 14, and 28 days), and room temperature. The 8 M NaOH concentration achieved the best compressive strength. Accordingly, different Si/Al ratios were prepared and tested at 8 M NaOH, room temperature, and different curing times (i.e., 3, 7, 14, and 28 days). Results indicate that increasing the alumina content enhances the geopolymer properties but reduces the compressive strength of the prepared geopolymer. The sample with Si/Al ratio = 1 exhibited a higher compressive strength (10.9 MPa) than the other Si/Al ratios (i.e., 4, 3, 2, and 0.5) and the pristine ferrosilicon slag after 28 days of curing and at 8 M NaOH. The obtained value is consistent with the ASTM C62 and Egyptian standards. Furthermore, the addition of alumina waste decreased the thermal conductivity of the prepared geopolymer bricks
Dynamic response of reinforced concrete members incorporating steel fibers with different aspect ratios
No full textInvestigations on the dynamic behavior of concrete members, incorporating steel fibers with different aspect ratios, are limited so far and do not covered comprehensively in prior studies. Present endeavor is devoted to examine the dynamic response of the steel fibrous concrete beams and slabs under the influence of impact loading. These members were reinforced with steel fibers in different length of 25 mm and 50 mm. Four concrete mixes were designed and used based on the proportion of long and short fibers. Twenty-four slabs and beams were fabricated with respect to the concrete mix and these specimens were tested in impact load experiment. Testing observations revealed that the maximum dynamic deflection or ductility of the member can be achieved with increasing the fiber length. Structural behavior of the tested structures was predicted using nonlinear finite element analysis with specific material constitutive relationships. Eight nodes plate elements have been considered in the present dynamic analysis. Dynamic fracture energy of the members was calculated and agreement ratio, of more than 70%, was noticed between the experimental and analysis outcomes.Investigations on the dynamic behavior of concrete members, incorporating steel fibers with different aspect ratios, are limited so far and do not covered comprehensively in prior studies. Present endeavor is devoted to examine the dynamic response of the steel fibrous concrete beams and slabs under the influence of impact loading. These members were reinforced with steel fibers in different length of 25 mm and 50 mm. Four concrete mixes were designed and used based on the proportion of long and short fibers. Twenty-four slabs and beams were fabricated with respect to the concrete mix and these specimens were tested in impact load experiment. Testing observations revealed that the maximum dynamic deflection or ductility of the member can be achieved with increasing the fiber length. Structural behavior of the tested structures was predicted using nonlinear finite element analysis with specific material constitutive relationships. Eight nodes plate elements have been considered in the present dynamic analysis. Dynamic fracture energy of the members was calculated and agreement ratio, of more than 70%, was noticed between the experimental and analysis outcomes
Recycling of rice husk waste for a sustainable concrete: A critical review
No full textThe punitive environmental legislation set by the global community has shifted the direction of research involve in construction industry towards the utilization of secondary raw materials in designing and constructing new structures. Rice husk (RH) is a by-product obtained from the rice mill process whose generation accounts up to 200 kg per ton of rice. The existing literature showed the vast potential of using rice husk ash (RHA) as a replacement for cement or as admixtures. This paper aims to critically review previous studies on RHA as a waste material. The utilization of this waste in concrete contributes to nurturing more sustainable and greener development, thereby lessen carbon footprints and minimize solid waste disposal issues. A state-of-the-art-review of literature on the use of RHA is presented in this paper. The impact of RHA on the properties of concrete such as workability, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, durability properties as well as its impact on sustainability are compiled. In addition, the technical results are complimented with the microstructural analysis evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the data garnered, it is postulated that RHA beneficially enhance the mechanical strengths coupled with improvement of resistant to sulfate and acid attack. This paper advances novel recommendations and directions for future research towards the application of green RHA-based construction products.The punitive environmental legislation set by the global community has shifted the direction of research involve in construction industry towards the utilization of secondary raw materials in designing and constructing new structures. Rice husk (RH) is a by-product obtained from the rice mill process whose generation accounts up to 200 kg per ton of rice. The existing literature showed the vast potential of using rice husk ash (RHA) as a replacement for cement or as admixtures. This paper aims to critically review previous studies on RHA as a waste material. The utilization of this waste in concrete contributes to nurturing more sustainable and greener development, thereby lessen carbon footprints and minimize solid waste disposal issues. A state-of-the-art-review of literature on the use of RHA is presented in this paper. The impact of RHA on the properties of concrete such as workability, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, durability properties as well as its impact on sustainability are compiled. In addition, the technical results are complimented with the microstructural analysis evaluated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From the data garnered, it is postulated that RHA beneficially enhance the mechanical strengths coupled with improvement of resistant to sulfate and acid attack. This paper advances novel recommendations and directions for future research towards the application of green RHA-based construction products