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مدلول مصطلح "صدوق إن شاء الله" عند الحافظ الذهبي دراسة نقدية مقارنة
No full textIn this study, 39 narrators, with whom Al Hafed Al Thahabi used the term “veracious Allah willing”, have been studied. The research begins with an introduction in which Al Hafed Al Thahabi is represented, and the term “veracious Allah willing” is introduced as well.
The first chapter deals with the narrators that Al Hafed Al Thahabi used that term with, and they have narration in the six books. The second chapter is for the narrators with whom Al Hafed Al Thahabi used the term “veracious Allah willing”, yet they have no narration in the six books.
The comments of critics about the narrators have been gathered, represented and studied in a comparative critical study in this chapter. This is in order to reach a conclusion about each narrator and then findings and recommendations are presented.
One of the most important results in this study is that Al Hafed Al Thahabi set the term “veracious Allah willing” in the lowest position of impeachment and amendment ranking. Yet, he did not mean to weaken the status of the narrators, nor did he promote it to be fully authentic and agreed upon. Al Hafed Al Thahabi traced the opinions of the senior critics and summarised that in using “veracious Allah willing”. He was fair and honest in his judgment.
The narrators with whom he used “veracious Allah willing” are accepted except two of the narrators of the six books. They are weak but such weakness could be modified.
Another important result is studying the narration of those whose narration is represented with “veracious Allah willing” so that their narration is ranked appropriately in terms of accepting or rejecting.تناولت في هذا البحث تسعةً وثلاثين راويًا قال فيهم الحافظ الذهبي "صدوق إن شاء الله"، وقد بدأته بتمهيد عَرّفت فيه بالحافظ الذهبي وبمصطلح "صدوق إن شاء الله"، ثم بالمبحث الأول وخصصته للرواة الذين قال فيهم الحافظ الذهبي هذا المصطلح ولهم رواية في الكتب الستة، ثم بالمبحث الثاني وخصصته للرواة الذين قال فيهم الحافظ الذهبي هذا المصطلح وليس لهم رواية في الكتب الستة، وقد جمعت أقوال النقاد في الرواة، ودرستها دراسة نقدية مقارنة للوقوف على خلاصة القول في كل راوٍ وصولًا إلى النتائج والتوصيات، وكان من أهم النتائج: أن الحافظ الذهبي وضع مصطلح "صدوق إن شاء الله" في أدنى مراتب التعديل، وهو لا يعني به تضعيف حال الرَّاوي، ولا ترقية حديثه إلى درجة الصحة الكاملة المتفق عليها، وأن الحافظ الذهبي تتبع أقوال النقاد المتقدمين واختصرها في عبارته "صدوق إن شاء الله" وكان منصفًا عادلًا في أحكامه، وأن الرواة الذين قال فيهم الحافظ الذهبي "صدوق إن شاء الله" هم في دائرة القبول باستثناء راويين من رواة الكتب الستة، وهما ضعيفان ولكن ضعفهما ينجبر، ومن أهم التوصيات: دراسة مرويات الرواة الذين قال فيهم الحافظ الذهبي "صدوق إن شاء الله" لإنزالها منزلتها المناسبة من حيث القبول والرد
اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة بين ضحايا مسيرات العودة في قطاع غزة ، فلسطين: الحاجة إلى سياسات صحية
No full text"This study aimed to assess the level of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) and to examine the relationship between exposure to war stress and posttraumatic symptoms among people who were injured during the Great March of Return (GMR) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. A sample of 264 adults who were injured during participation in the events of GMR completed the Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). IES-R has three sub-scales; intrusion, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. Only 27.3% of the participants had two or more injuries and 38.4% of participants reported having disability due to their injuries. The results showed that 95.4% of the participants had severe posttraumatic symptoms. Total score of IES-R ranged between 29 and 88 (mean = 61.28). The most frequent symptoms of trauma subscales was “Intrusion” (mean = 2.90), followed by “Avoidance” (mean = 2.73), and then “Hyper-arousal” (mean = 2.70). Level of PTSD was affected by working status, need for hospitalization, need for a referral for treatment outside the Gaza Strip, disability and severity of injury. Such high level of PSTD will have negative consequences on participants' physical and mental status. Therefore, a need for special counseling programs is required to help them to survive with least consequences of PTSD on their wellbeing.
""هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مستوى اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة (PSTD) وفحص العلاقة بين التعرض لضغوط الحرب وأعراض ما بعد الصدمة بين الأشخاص الذين أصيبوا خلال مسيرات العودة الكبرى في قطاع غزة ، فلسطين. أكملت عينة من 264 بالغًا أصيبوا أثناء المشاركة في أحداث مسيرات العودة مقياس حدث التأثير المنقح (IES-R).و الذي يحتوي على ثلاثة مقاييس فرعية ؛ التطفل والتجنب والإثارة المفرطة.
النتائج: 27.3٪ فقط من المشاركين تعرضوالنوعين من الاصابة أو أكثر و 38.4٪ من المشاركين أفادوا بأنهم يعانون من إعاقة بسبب إصاباتهم. وأظهرت النتائج أن 95.4٪ من المشاركين يعانون من أعراض شديدة لما بعد الصدمة . تراوحت الدرجة الإجمالية لـمقياس ما بعد الصدمة بين 29 و 88 (متوسط = 61.28).
تأثر مستوى اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة بالعوامل التالية: حالة العمل ، والحاجة إلى الاستشفاء ، والحاجة إلى الإحالة للعلاج خارج قطاع غزة ، والإعاقة ، وخطورة الإصابة.
سيكون لهذا المستوى المرتفع من اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة عواقب سلبية على الحالة الجسدية والعقلية للمشاركين. لذلك ، هناك حاجة إلى برامج استشارية خاصة لمساعدتهم على البقاء على قيد الحياة مع أقل عواقب اضطراب ما بعد الصدمة على صحتهم.
تأثير عدد ساعات العمل على جودة النوم لدى الأطباء المقيمين: دراسة مسحية
No full textObjective: Resident physicians are particularly prone to sleep disturbance due to long shift hours
and excessive workload. Despite the numerous measures undertaken to improve their well-being,
it’s still unknown if limiting the work shift duration would improve sleep quality.
Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was used to obtain data about sleep quality, anxiety and
depression using PSQI and PHQ-4 scales, respectively. Using data from previous study, we
compared those parameters before and after the implementation of duty hour reduction across
several specialties in a tertiary center. Furthermore, we investigated residents’ life satisfaction
using SWLS scale.
Results: 180 residents filled the questionnaire (median age: 26.5 years). Males reported higher
rates of poor sleep quality while females had higher rates of anxiety and depression. Decreasing
the duration of on-call shifts from 32 to 24 hours decreased the prevalence of poor sleep quality
from 91.5% to 83.2% (p: 0.038), and smoking rates decreased from 30.4 to 12.5% (p: <0.0001).
More than 6 on-calls per month was associated with poorer quality of sleep. Night float shifts
decreased rates of moderate and severe PHQ-4 scores significantly (p: <0.001). In addition,
63.3% of residents were satisfied with life. Life satisfaction was associated with enhanced sleep
quality and lower PHQ-4 scores (p: 0.007 and <0.0001, respectively).
Conclusions: Optimizing shift scheduling and duration can positively influence rates of sleep
quality, anxiety, depression, and smoking rates. More interventions should be tackled along with
duty hour limits to optimize residents’ satisfaction with life.
مستوى المعرفة البيداغوجية للمحتوى لدى معلمي التربية الإسلامية بالمرحلة الثانوية في غزة من وجهة نظرهم
No full textThis study aimed at exploring the level of content pedagogical knowledge of Islamic education teachers in secondary school in Gaza from their point of view, it is divided into four areas: Knowledge of the curriculum, knowledge of teaching strategies, knowledge of students, and knowledge of assessment methods. The tool was applied after verifying its validity and stability, on a stratified random sample of (176) teachers of Islamic education for secondary school in Gaza Governorate in the light of the variables of gender, academic qualification and teaching experience. The results of the study showed that the estimates of Islamic education teachers at the secondary stage of pedagogical knowledge of three areas came to a large degree, namely: Knowledge of teaching strategies, knowledge of students, and knowledge of assessment methods, while the field of knowledge of the curriculum got a medium degree, and the results of the study did not show statistically significant differences in teachers’ responses due to the variable (gender, years of experience, and academic qualification), and in light of the results of the study, the researchers recommended recommendations Including: the need to pay attention to holding training workshops to develop teachers' technological knowledge, educational principles, modern learning theories and various teaching strategies.هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى المعرفة البيداغوجية للمحتوى لدى معلمي التربية الإسلامية بالمرحلة الثانوية في غزة من وجهة نظرهم، ولتحقيق أهداف البحث تم تطوير استبيان من قبل الباحثين لقياس مستوى المعرفة البيداغوجية لدى معلمي التربية الإسلامية في المرحلة الثانوية مكونة من (47) فقرة موزعة على أربعة مجالات، هي: المعرفة بالمنهاج، والمعرفة باستراتيجيات التدريس، والمعرفة بالطلبة، والمعرفة بطرق التقييم، وتم تطبيق الأداة بعد التأكد من صدقها وثباتها، على عينة طبقية عشوائية، بلغت (176) معلماً من معلمي التربية الإسلامية للمرحلة الثانوية في محافظة غزة في ضوء متغيرات الجنس والمؤهل العلمي والخبرة التدريسية، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن تقديرات معلمي التربية الإسلامية بالمرحلة الثانوية للمعرفة البيداغوجية لمجالات ثلاث منها، جاءت بدرجة كبيرة وهي: المعرفة باستراتيجيات التدريس، والمعرفة بالطلبة، والمعرفة بطرق التقييم، بينما حصل مجال المعرفة بالمنهاج على درجة متوسطة، ، ولم تظهر نتائج الدراسة فروق دالة احصائياً في استجابات المعلمين تُعزى لمتغير (الجنس، وسنوات الخبرة، والمؤهل العلمي)، وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة أوصى الباحثون بتوصيات منها: ضرورة الاهتمام بعقد ورشات تدريبية لتطوير معارف المعلمين التكنولوجية وبالمبادئ التربوية ونظريات التعلم الحديثة واستراتيجيات التدريس المتنوعة
Association between distance of sewage plant and prevalence of intestinal parasites among children of Beit-lahia, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
No full textA cross sectional study was conducted during 2002-2004 to determine the association between the distance of sewage palnts as a sanitation conditionor factor and the prevalence of different types of intestinal parasites in Beit- Lahia, Gaza Strip Palestine. From Beit- Lahia 2000 individuals 2 to 15 years old were participated in the study. One stool sample was examined for the presence of ova and / or larvae of helminthes and protozoan parasites for each individuals. The parasitological methodsused in this studywhere the direct smear microscopy and formal- ether sedimentation technique. The present study showed that 700 individuals were infected with different types of intestinal parasites with a prevalence of 35%. the following parasites were detected. Ascaris lumbricoides ( 18.6% , Enterobius vermicularis ( 3.2% . Giardia lamblia ( 3.6% , Strongyloides stercoralis ( 0.9% , Entamoeba histolytica/dispar ( 2.6% , Hymenolepis nana ( 1.7% , mixed infection ( 4.4% , in addition to one, case of Trichuris trichura. It was found that 29.2% of infected persons were residing with a distance 1200 meters with a significant diffrernce ( p-0.003 . These unexpected results were attributed to the fact that most children prefere to play and move in more far and opened area and this is a true culture for children in our community, and the matter need more investigation. In both children either residing close or at different distances from sewage plant they were exposed to the parasitic infection. It is recmmended to remove these sewage plants and pools from the area of Bet-lahia to protect peoples
Histopathological study of Enterobius vermicularis among appendicitis patients in Gaza strip, Palestine
Full text linkEnterobius vermicularis is one of the most common intestinal parasite in human. The main objective of this study is to determine the role of E. vermicularis in appendicitis through histopathological examination. A cross sectional study included 200 patients who had appendectomy from three hospitals in Gaza strip. The inflamed appendix was the cause of attending the hospital. Histopathological examination for each appendix was carried out. A questionnaire was designed ( interview with
patients who underwent appendectomy , and information were obtained from patient and analyzed by using SPSS.
The study showed that 30 ( 15.0 % of 200 appendices had E. vermicularis in histopathological examination. It was found that ages of patients with histologically proven E. vermicularis in appendices less than 18 years old was found to be ( 18.2 % . Regarding sex, ( 16.5 % of females, ( 14.0 % of males patients had E. vermicularis in appendices. Patients who had the highest infection with E. vermicularis were students ( 17.3 % . In conclusion E. vermicularis occurs more frequently inflamed appendices than in normal. From these results we can conclude that E.vermicularis could be associated to cause of appendicitis inGaza strip
The occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii on raw leafy Vegetables in Gaza – Palestine
No full textToxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous obligate intracellular parasite that can infect homeothermic animals, is one of the main pathogens causing foodborne diseases worldwide. In Gaza, Palestine, leafy vegetables are frequently eaten raw. The present study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of T. gondii oocyst in local leafy vegetables. Fifty samples each of six species of leafy plants sold in open-air markets, in supermarkets, and by retail sellers were randomly collected from March to August 2019, for a total of 300 samples. The samples were examined by light microscopy after flotation in Sheather's sucrose solution and by PCR assay of the pelleted samples. All suspect T. gondii oocysts were confirmed with a PCR assay. With the PCR assay of the pelleted samples, only 19 (6.33%) of the 300 samples were positive for T. gondii, whereas with the Sheather's flotation method, 35 (11.66%) of the 300 samples were positive. With the PCR assay, among the six plant types mint had the highest T. gondii prevalence (10.00% of samples) followed by watercress and dill (both 8.00%), parsley (6.00%), thyme (4.00%), and lettuce (2.00%). Even though the relative prevalence of T. gondii in the contaminated plant species was similar with both the PCR and Sheather's flotation methods, the actual prevalences were different. With Sheather's flotation, T. gondii prevalence was highest in mint (18.00% of samples) followed by watercress (14.00%), dill (13.00%), parsley (10.00%), thyme (10.00%), and lettuce (6.00%). The relationship between T. gondii contamination and the time of year the samples were collected was also significant. The highest prevalence recorded was in July followed by June and August. These findings indicate that leafy vegetables, particularly mint, can be contaminated with T. gondii and are a potential risk factor for transmitting T. gondii to humans in Gaza, Palestine
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Fecal Samples from Hospitalized Patients and Non- Hospitalized Individuals in Gaza City.
No full textAims: Despite the use of vancomycin in Gaza, there are no available data concerning resistance against it. The study was carried out in order to determine the occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Gaza City. subjects and methods: One hundred hospitalized patients from the medical and surgical intensive care unit (ICU), pediatric ICU, renal units and hemato-oncology wards at Al Shifa and Al Naser hospitals wee screened for VRE fecal colonization. In addition, 100 non-hospitalized individuals from all over Gaza City were screened. Specimens were enriched and cultured on selective media for the isolation of enterococci. All isolates were idintified, and their minimum inhibitory concentration for vancomycin was determined. The suscepetibilities of the enterococci to vancomycin and other common antibodies were determined by the risk diffusion method. Results: Enterococci were found in 94% of the hospitilized patients and in 89% of non-hospitalized individuals. VRE were isolated from 69.1% and 43.8% of hospitalized and non-hospitalized individiuals, respectively. High rates of resistance to common antimicrobials used in human medicine were observed E. faecalis was observed to be predominant species recoverd among non-hospitilized individuals (34%), while among hospitalized patients, E. faecalis was the pedominant identified species (37%). Among both hospitalized patients and non-hospitalized individuals, E. faecalis has the highest resistant rate to vancomycin. Conclusion: Enterococci were isolated from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects in Gaza City, who have high rates of antibodies resistance, including against vancomycin. Strategies to promptly identify colonized patients should be designed and implemented in hospitals
A survey on the knowledge and attitudes among the students of Al-Azhar University to HIV/AIDS, the Gaza Strip-Palestine
No full textObjective: The study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of students’ at a university in Gaza regarding HIV/AIDS and identified differences in knowledge about HIV, and attitudes by gender, locality, and social and economic status. Methods: This descriptive study targeted 492 students of Al-Azhar University-Gaza. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires that included the following dimensions: sociodemographic,measurements of student's knowledge level and measurement of student's attitudes towards HIV/AIDS. Results: Findings showed moderate level of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS although there was a very low of perception regarding the acceptance and sharing of HIV/AIDS persons. It means that only one third of the study respondents are willingness to be in close touch with people living with HIV or even communication with them, and less than fifty percent thought that it is their right to be engaged in a public or governmental job, stigma and discriminatory attitudes toward HIV/AIDS persons is high only 48% of the students thought it right to employ
people living with HIV (PLHIV) and 35.5% refused to work in the same place with PLHIV. Conclusion: This study indicates the need for improving the level of knowledge as well as promoting the students' towards positive attitude
Trends of intestinal parasites prevalence in the Gaza Strip, 1998–2007: the use of government health records
No full textAim: To evaluate the amount of intestinal parasite infections over a 10-year period in the Gaza Strip.
Materials and methods: Data from the Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health were collected and analyzed statistically. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was monitored and studied for the period 1998–2007.
Results: The present study shows results including the records of 471,688 patients (all ages) who had every provided 1 stool specimen to the laboratories of primary health care centers in one of the 5 governorates of the Gaza Strip. It was found that 116,261 specimens were positive for intestinal parasites, representing an overall prevalence of 24.6%. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the most frequently detected intestinal parasites; there is a clear variation in the prevalence of intestinal parasites due to season.
Conclusion: Intestinal parasites still constitute a health problem and there were fluctuations in the prevalence from 1998 to 2007. It is recommended that there is a need for health authorities to review health records periodically and examination of stool specimens by one method should be reviewed