Islamic University of Gaza
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Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthes in commercial and free-range chickens in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Full text linkThe present study compared the prevalence of helminthes parasites in two chicken breeds in Gaza strip, the commercial and the free-range indigenous. Gastrointestinal tracts of 100 commercial growers and 90 free-range indigenous chickens collected from Gaza city were examined for helminthes during 2007–2008. The commercial chickens were free of helminthes while the indigenous chickens were encountered five helminthes, three nematodes and two cestodes .The nematodes identified were Ascaridia galli ( 75.6% , Heterakis gallinarum ( 68.9% and Capillaria spp. ( 2.2% . The cestodes were, Raillietina echinobothrida ( 57.8% and Choanotaenia infundibulum ( 26.7% . No trematode was found. The intensity of parasites was low except for H. gallinarum. It was concluded that the indigenous chickens were infected with some types of cestodes and nematodes in Gaza markets. Sanitations and public health should be of concerned for both health authorities, consumers and farmers owners
Immune-detection of Entamoeba histolytica in symptomatic and asymptomatic infection
No full textHigh prevalence of intestinal amoebiasis is commonly reported by microscopy in Gaza.To determine the misdiagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis associated with microscopic examination of faces, two tests were applied: 1-a non-specific antigen Entamoeba (ELISA) to differentiate Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar complex from other non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae.2- An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antibody against E. histolytica, 53 stool and serum samples were used in this study: 32 (60.38%) samples were symptomatic (diarrheal) patients and 21 (39.62%) were asymptomatic. Data from these two immunological diagnostic tests were compared with those obtained by microscopic examination. A routine microscopic examination detected 7(13.25) prevalence of Giardia lamblia, 21(39.6%) prevalence of Entamoeba spp. 13(40.6%; X2=0.578; P-value= 0.749) in symptomatic stool samples and 8(38.1%) in asymptomatic stool samples. ELISA antigen detected only 2(6.2%; X2=1.364; P-value= 0.243) prevalence of E. histolytica/ dispar complex in symptomatic samples and none in asymptomatic samples. The two positive symptomatic samples by ELISA/Ag were also positive by microscopy, and no negative subject by microscopy was positive by ELISA. ELISA antibody detected 4 (7.5%; X2=0.195; P-value= 0.659) prevalence of E. histolytica in all subjects: 2(6.2%) in symptomatic samples which were positive by both microscopy and ELISA antigen and 2(9.5%) in asymptomatic samples, that were negative by both microscopy and ELISA antigen. The ratio of E. histolytica/ dispar was very low (3.7%) suggesting that the vast majority of Entamoeba infections in this area were nonpathogenic. The microscopic examination is less sensitive than both ELISA/Ag and ELISA/IgG tests
Is Gaza Sandy Shoreline Region Contaminated with Human Gastrointestinal Parasites?
No full textThe study was implemented to test if the sandy shoreline of Gaza city is contaminated with human gastrointestinal parasites or not and to determine the types of intestinal parasites and the extent of contamination. A total of 104 s and samples ( 52 dry sand and 52 wet sand were analyzed during the summer season period. Samples were collected from the study area of about 12km along the seashore region of Gaza City. Dry samples and wet sand samples were analyzed using water-sedimentation technique and a light microscope. The results showed that the percentage of the parasitic contamination was 40.4% of the wet sand samples and 34.6% of the dry sand samples along the shoreline region of the Gaza City. The human gastrointestinal parasites detected were the following: Ascaris lumbricoides, S. stercoralis, E. vermicularis, E. histolytica/dispar, G. lamblia, E. coli and Taenia. spp. The findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of parasitic contamination between the dry and wet sand samples at confidence level of p-value < 0.05. It is recommended to conduct a periodical routine sampling of sand at the swash zone because the results of this study showed that the wet and the dry sand may pose a high level of health risk. Residents should be informed clearly by posting signs indicating polluted areas to keep them safe
المنهج النبوي في الوقاية من الأمراض المعدية والأوبئة
No full textالإسلام توسع في أسس الطب الوقائي وكانت تشريعاته التي تتعلق بالنظافة والطهارة في البدن والملبس والمأكل والمشرب إعجازًا طبيًا رائعًا وخاصة بتحريمه ما يؤول إلى ضرر على الإنسان وما حوله، وقد تعرض هذا البحث للتعريف بالطب، وبالأمراض المعدية والأوبئة، وثواب الصبر على المرض المعدي والوباء، ومحاربة الأمراض المعدية والأوبئة، من خلال حفظ الموارد الطبيعة والأماكن العامة من التلويث، الوقاية من الأمراض المعدية والأوبئة، من خلال الاهتمام بالنظافة الشخصية للإنسان من خلال مجموعة من التشريعات والوصايا النبوية، والوقاية من الأمراض المعدية والأوبئة من خلال تحريم الأسباب الموصلة لها، والحجر الصحي كوسيلة من وسائل الوقاية من الأمراض المعدية والأوبئة في المنهج النبوي.islam expanded the foundations of preventive medicine, and its legislations related to cleanliness and purity in the body, clothing, food and drink were a wonderful medical miracle, especially in its prohibition of what would lead to harm to humans and those around them. Infectious diseases and epidemics, through the preservation of natural resources and public places from pollution, prevention of infectious diseases and epidemics, through attention to personal hygiene of the human being through a set of legislations and prophetic commandments, and the prevention of infectious diseases and epidemics by prohibiting the causes that lead to them, and quarantine as a means of Means of prevention of infectious diseases and epidemics in the prophetic approach
The effect of steam curing regimes on the chloride resistance and pore size of high–strength green concrete
No full textSince diminishing the consumption of cement has many benefits, ongoing research on the incorporation of the industrial/agricultural wastes as an alternative or partial substitution for cement is of paramount significance. This study aims to examine the effect of steam curing regimes (SCRs) on the chloride resistance and microstructure of high-strength green concrete (HSGC). To this end, palm oil fuel ash, a type of waste from the palm oil industry, was treated so that ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (U-POFA) could be obtained. U-POFA was utilized as a partial substitute of the mass of cement at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% to produce HSGC. Varying steam curing temperatures (50 °C, 65 °C, and 80 °C) and varying periods (6, 11, and 16 h) were applied to the HSGC. Moreover, a steam curing cycle that did not exceed 24 h was applied. The tests performed on the HSGC samples included compressive strength (CS), rapid chloride permeability, and rapid chloride migration. The evaluation of the microstructure of the HSGC samples was undertaken via Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) in addition to scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray. The results showed that the application of SCRs with a high volume with UPOFA resulted in enhanced CS, chloride resistance, and microstructure properties of HSGC at an early age of 3 days and a later age of 360 days. Such enhancement in the concrete properties mainly depends on the cement replacement rates by U-POFA, temperature, and the steam curing period. It was, therefore, concluded that U-POFA played a key role in reducing the negative impact, which might have been caused by the utilization of varying SCRs.Since diminishing the consumption of cement has many benefits, ongoing research on the incorporation of the industrial/agricultural wastes as an alternative or partial substitution for cement is of paramount significance. This study aims to examine the effect of steam curing regimes (SCRs) on the chloride resistance and microstructure of high-strength green concrete (HSGC). To this end, palm oil fuel ash, a type of waste from the palm oil industry, was treated so that ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (U-POFA) could be obtained. U-POFA was utilized as a partial substitute of the mass of cement at 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% to produce HSGC. Varying steam curing temperatures (50 °C, 65 °C, and 80 °C) and varying periods (6, 11, and 16 h) were applied to the HSGC. Moreover, a steam curing cycle that did not exceed 24 h was applied. The tests performed on the HSGC samples included compressive strength (CS), rapid chloride permeability, and rapid chloride migration. The evaluation of the microstructure of the HSGC samples was undertaken via Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) in addition to scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray. The results showed that the application of SCRs with a high volume with UPOFA resulted in enhanced CS, chloride resistance, and microstructure properties of HSGC at an early age of 3 days and a later age of 360 days. Such enhancement in the concrete properties mainly depends on the cement replacement rates by U-POFA, temperature, and the steam curing period. It was, therefore, concluded that U-POFA played a key role in reducing the negative impact, which might have been caused by the utilization of varying SCRs
Safety Barriers Identification, Classification, and Ways to Improve Safety Performance in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) Industry: Review Study
No full textThe Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the most dangerous industries due to its unique nature. Safety is a critical issue in developed and developing countries. The main objective of this paper was to identify and classify the barriers that hinder the implementation of safety in projects and ways to improve safety performance. The method used in this paper includes a heavy review of many sources related to the safety barriers in the AEC industry, including a process of identification and classification of these barriers, after which we discuss the most popular methods between them, based on the appearance of it in the sources which were reviewed. Then, the ways to improve safety performance were viewed in AEC industry. Based on that, it was found that there are the following 4 categories associated with safety barriers: (1) Behavior Barriers; (2) Management Barriers; (3) Awareness Barriers; and (4) Culture Barriers. At the same time, the most popular barriers are based on appearance in sources: lack of safety training, lack of commitment, work pressure is high when deadlines are approaching, and low level education, lack of experience, and lack of knowledge. The many ways to improve safety performance are illustrated in the end of this paper. The results of this paper show the importance of safety and that the actual safety of the projects should be focused on in order to reduce injuries, accidents, and reduce barriers of applying safety, which will enhance the sustainability and development of safe environments within in AEC industry.The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry is one of the most dangerous industries due to its unique nature. Safety is a critical issue in developed and developing countries. The main objective of this paper was to identify and classify the barriers that hinder the implementation of safety in projects and ways to improve safety performance. The method used in this paper includes a heavy review of many sources related to the safety barriers in the AEC industry, including a process of identification and classification of these barriers, after which we discuss the most popular methods between them, based on the appearance of it in the sources which were reviewed. Then, the ways to improve safety performance were viewed in AEC industry. Based on that, it was found that there are the following 4 categories associated with safety barriers: (1) Behavior Barriers; (2) Management Barriers; (3) Awareness Barriers; and (4) Culture Barriers. At the same time, the most popular barriers are based on appearance in sources: lack of safety training, lack of commitment, work pressure is high when deadlines are approaching, and low level education, lack of experience, and lack of knowledge. The many ways to improve safety performance are illustrated in the end of this paper. The results of this paper show the importance of safety and that the actual safety of the projects should be focused on in order to reduce injuries, accidents, and reduce barriers of applying safety, which will enhance the sustainability and development of safe environments within in AEC industry
Overview of Precoding Techniques for Massive MIMO
Full text linkMassive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is playing a crucial role in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) communication systems. Unfortunately, the complexity of massive MIMO systems is tremendously increased when a large number of antennas and radio frequency chains (RF) are utilized. Therefore, a plethora of research efforts has been conducted to find the optimal precoding algorithm with lowest complexity. The main aim of this paper is to provide insights on such precoding algorithms to a generalist of wireless communications.
The added value of this paper is that the classification of massive MIMO precoding algorithms is provided with easily distinguishable classes of precoding solutions. This paper covers linear precoding algorithms starting with precoders based on approximate matrix inversion methods such as the truncated polynomial expansion (TPE), the Neumann series approximation (NSA), the Newton iteration (NI), and the Chebyshev iteration (CI) algorithms. The paper also presents the fixed-point iteration-based linear precoding algorithms such as the Gauss-Seidel (GS) algorithm, the successive over relaxation (SOR) algorithm, the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm, and the Jacobi iteration (JI) algorithm.
In addition, the paper reviews the direct matrix decomposition based linear precoding algorithms such as the QR decomposition and Cholesky decomposition (CD). The non-linear precoders are also presented which include the dirty-paper coding (DPC), Tomlinson-Harashima (TH), vector perturbation (VP), and lattice reduction aided (LR) algorithms. Due to the necessity to deal with a high consuming power by the base station (BS) with a large number of antennas in massive MIMO systems, a special subsection is included to describe the characteristics of the peak-to-average power ratio precoding (PAPR) algorithms such as the constant envelope (CE) algorithm, approximate message passing (AMP), and quantized precoding (QP) algorithms. This paper also reviews the machine learning role in precoding techniques. Although many precoding techniques are essentially proposed for a small-scale MIMO, they have been exploited in massive MIMO networks. Therefore, this paper presents the application of small-scale MIMO precoding techniques for massive MIMO.
This paper demonstrates the precoding schemes in promising multiple antenna technologies such as the cell-free massive MIMO (CF-M-MIMO), beam space massive MIMO, and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs). In-depth discussion on the pros and cons, performance-complexity profile, and implementation solidity is provided. This paper also provides a discussion on the channel estimation and energy efficiency. This paper also presents potential future directions in massive MIMO
precoding algorithms.This research has been financially supported in part by the Research Council (TRC) of the Sultanate of Oman (agreement No. TRC/BFP/ASU/01/2018) and in part by the Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is playing a crucial role in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) communication systems. Unfortunately, the complexity of massive MIMO systems is tremendously increased when a large number of antennas and radio frequency chains (RF) are utilized. Therefore, a plethora of research efforts has been conducted to find the optimal precoding algorithm with lowest complexity. The main aim of this paper is to provide insights on such precoding algorithms to a generalist of wireless communications.
The added value of this paper is that the classification of massive MIMO precoding algorithms is provided with easily distinguishable classes of precoding solutions. This paper covers linear precoding algorithms starting with precoders based on approximate matrix inversion methods such as the truncated polynomial expansion (TPE), the Neumann series approximation (NSA), the Newton iteration (NI), and the Chebyshev iteration (CI) algorithms. The paper also presents the fixed-point iteration-based linear precoding algorithms such as the Gauss-Seidel (GS) algorithm, the successive over relaxation (SOR) algorithm, the conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm, and the Jacobi iteration (JI) algorithm.
In addition, the paper reviews the direct matrix decomposition based linear precoding algorithms such as the QR decomposition and Cholesky decomposition (CD). The non-linear precoders are also presented which include the dirty-paper coding (DPC), Tomlinson-Harashima (TH), vector perturbation (VP), and lattice reduction aided (LR) algorithms. Due to the necessity to deal with a high consuming power by the base station (BS) with a large number of antennas in massive MIMO systems, a special subsection is included to describe the characteristics of the peak-to-average power ratio precoding (PAPR) algorithms such as the constant envelope (CE) algorithm, approximate message passing (AMP), and quantized precoding (QP) algorithms. This paper also reviews the machine learning role in precoding techniques. Although many precoding techniques are essentially proposed for a small-scale MIMO, they have been exploited in massive MIMO networks. Therefore, this paper presents the application of small-scale MIMO precoding techniques for massive MIMO.
This paper demonstrates the precoding schemes in promising multiple antenna technologies such as the cell-free massive MIMO (CF-M-MIMO), beam space massive MIMO, and intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs). In-depth discussion on the pros and cons, performance-complexity profile, and implementation solidity is provided. This paper also provides a discussion on the channel estimation and energy efficiency. This paper also presents potential future directions in massive MIMO
precoding algorithms
شبكة صغيرة للمناطق النائية في قطاع غزة تعمل بالطاقة الشمسية ومخلفات مطحنة زيت الزيتون
No full textEnvironmental, economic and strategic reasons are behind the rapid impulse in the deployment of renewable energy sources that is taking place around the world. Microgrid technology can effectively integrate the advantages of distributed generation, and also provide a new technical way for large scale application of grid-connected generation of new energy and renewable energy. The Palestinian territories are facing critical situation concerning the achievement of sustainable development. As an example, we know Energy is the main player in the community’s development in several aspects, but Palestine is an occupied developing country which has a complicated energy sector. In recent years, the Gaza Strip has suffered from several wars that have led to the collapse of its energy system, and this calls for research in providing alternative sources for conventional energy. In this paper, a solar-biomass hybrid system is proposed for electrification of rural area in GAZA strip, the city of TIKA. We used olive oil mill waste as a biomass. We used HOMER program to develop an optimal system from the practical view point. HOMER, software has been used to expose combined cycle with biomass and solar resourcesالأسباب البيئية والاقتصادية والاستراتيجية وراء الاندفاع السريع في نشر مصادر الطاقة المتجددة التي تحدث في جميع أنحاء العالم. يمكن لتقنية Microgrid أن تدمج بشكل فعال مزايا التوليد الموزع ، وتوفر أيضًا طريقة تقنية جديدة للتطبيق على نطاق واسع للتوليد المتصل بالشبكة من الطاقة الجديدة والطاقة المتجددة. تواجه الأراضي الفلسطينية وضعا حرجا فيما يتعلق بتحقيق التنمية المستدامة. على سبيل المثال ، نعلم أن الطاقة هي اللاعب الرئيسي في تنمية المجتمع من عدة جوانب ، لكن فلسطين دولة نامية محتلة لديها قطاع طاقة معقد. عانى قطاع غزة في السنوات الأخيرة من عدة حروب أدت إلى انهيار نظام الطاقة فيه ، وهذا يستدعي البحث في توفير مصادر بديلة للطاقة التقليدية. في هذا البحث ، تم اقتراح نظام هجين للطاقة الشمسية والكتلة الحيوية لكهربة المناطق الريفية في قطاع غزة ، مدينة تيكا. استخدمنا مخلفات مطاحن زيت الزيتون ككتلة حيوية. استخدمنا برنامج HOMER لتطوير نظام مثالي من وجهة نظر عملية. تم استخدام برنامج HOMER لفضح الدورة المركبة مع الكتلة الحيوية والموارد الشمسي
حالة فيتامين (د) عند النساء الحوامل المصابات بسكري الحمل
No full textAims: To assess vitamin D status among Gestational Diabetes Mellitus pregnant women in Gaza
Strip.
Study Design: Case control study.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from pregnant women attending primary
health care centers, Gaza, Gaza Strip.
Methodology: The study comprised 90 participants, 45 GDM pregnant women and 45 apparently
healthy pregnant women. Serum vitamin D and insulin levels were measured by ELISA, fasting
blood glucose (FBG), 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),
triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), phosphorus and calcium were
determined chemically. Blood pressure was measured. Body mass index (BMI) and low-density
lipoprotein (LDL) were calculated. Ethical approval was acquired from Helsinki committee. All data
was analyzed using the SPSS program.
Results: The average vitamin D in GDM cases was lower than that in controls (P=0.031). There
was an increase in the average of FBG, OGTT, HbA1c and insulin levels in GDM cases versus
controls (P<0.001). The average levels of serum cholesterol, TG and LDL were significantly higher
in cases as compared to controls. The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were
higher in GDM cases in relation to controls. Pearson correlation test showed a significant negative correlation between vitamin D and the parameters: BMI, glucose, OGTT, HbA1c and Homeostatic
Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).
Conclusion: Vitamin D was lower in GDM women compared to controls. Low vitamin D status
may be associated with insulin resistance and act as a risk factor for GDM.الملخص بالعرب