Islamic University of Gaza
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Properties of defect modes and band gaps of mirror symmetric metal-dielectric 1D photonic crystals
No full textInserting of any sort of irregularity in a photonic crystal (PC) with a perfect periodicity can produce defect modes. Great interest has been directed towards defect modes due to many potential applications. In this work, a binary PC consisting of silica (SiO2) and silver (Ag) is assumed. The PC is supposed to have a mirror symmetry with the structure (SiO2/Ag)N(Ag/SiO2) N, where 2 N is the number of periods of the PC. The transmission spectra of the PC are investigated in the visible and IR wavelengths. It is found that when the thickness of Ag layer increases, band gaps are broadened, more band gaps appear starting at low wavelengths and all these band gaps are shifted toward loner wavelengths. Defect modes appear at certain thicknesses of Ag, diminish gradually and then entirely disappear. When the incidence angle increases, band gaps are blue shifted in contrary to their behavior with the increase of the thickness of the metal and SiO2 layers.Inserting of any sort of irregularity in a photonic crystal (PC) with a perfect periodicity can produce defect modes. Great interest has been directed towards defect modes due to many potential applications. In this work, a binary PC consisting of silica (SiO2) and silver (Ag) is assumed. The PC is supposed to have a mirror symmetry with the structure (SiO2/Ag)N(Ag/SiO2) N, where 2 N is the number of periods of the PC. The transmission spectra of the PC are investigated in the visible and IR wavelengths. It is found that when the thickness of Ag layer increases, band gaps are broadened, more band gaps appear starting at low wavelengths and all these band gaps are shifted toward loner wavelengths. Defect modes appear at certain thicknesses of Ag, diminish gradually and then entirely disappear. When the incidence angle increases, band gaps are blue shifted in contrary to their behavior with the increase of the thickness of the metal and SiO2 layers
Risk assessment for universities and hospitals restaurants in Gaza, Palestine, in 2012
No full textBackground: A cross-sectional analytic method was used to assess health and safety risks that really matter in restaurants of universities and hospitals in the Gaza strip, Palestine.
Materials and methods: A 40-item questionnaire was completed by workers in all university and governmental hospital restaurants in the Gaza strip. Another 30-item questionnaire was completed by university students, in addition to 40 checklists and 40 personal meetings were conducted by the researcher. The collected data were analyzed by the risk score matrix to detect the risk level ( low, medium, high, and very high for each risk factor.
Results: In general, university and hospital restaurants were similar in terms of risk, but the details differed. The results showed that 22.7% of physical and electrical risk factors in universities were at a very high risk level. It was found that 50.0% of cleanliness of the location and equipment risk factors were at a high risk level, and 60.0% of machinery and equipment risk factors were at a moderate risk level. In addition, the most frequently observed risk factor was employees’ and customers’ safety and health. The results on hospital restaurants showed 75% of physical and electrical risk factor and
machinery and equipment risk factor were at a moderate level and high level, respectively.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that hospital and university restaurants are similar in terms of risks and levels of risks. Moreover, restaurant employees, cleaners, organization employees, visitors, university students, and patients in hospitals may be at risk if exposure to hazards. Therefore, the development and implementation of a plan with specific measures to address the identified risks is recommended
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Cytomegalovirus, Rubella virus and Chlamydia trachomatis among infertile women attending in vitro fertilizaton center, Gaza strip, Palestine.
No full textIn the present study, the esroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus ( CMV and chlamydia trachomatis in Palestine women was determined through antenatal screening. The study included 1954 Palestinian women records which reviewed and analyzied statistically from 2000-2005. Those women attended in vito fertilization center in gaza complaining from infertility and abortion. Anti-Toxoplasma, anti-rubella, anti-CMV and anti-Chlamydia IgM antibodies were assayed using an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay ( ELISA . positive results were found in 7.9%, 6%, 7% and 12.8% for T. gondii, CMV, Rubella and C. trachomatis antibodies. A high significant infection rate was observed in year 2003 ( p = 0.001 fot T. gondii. A clear variation with statistical significant was observed in the seroprevalence for all the studied pathogens regarding year of collection and age of women. The study indicated that T. gondii, Rubella, ( CMV and C. trachomatis are still constitute a puplic health problem among pregnant women and considered one of the abortion factors
Entamoebahistolytica or Entamoebadispar among children in Gaza, Gaza Strip? Journal of the Egyptian Society of parasitology 2005
No full textMost physicians in Gaza prescribe medicaments for patients suffering from Entamoeba histolytica/dispar without parasitologic giagnosis. Additionally, stool analysis performed by the routine methods usually reports the species as E. histolytica without confirmation. In this study, 92 stool specimens were collected and analyzed by wet mount. iron haematoxylin staining, antigen detection of E. histolytica and polymerase chain reaction ( PCR . The total number of E. histolytiaca identified by PCR was 64 ( 69.6% that of E. dispar was 21 ( 22.8% . Mixed infection with both E. histolytica and E. dispar was evident in 7 specimens ( 7.6% . In the light of these results approximately 30% of suspected clinical amoebiasis cases were negative for E. histolytica. It is recommended to use PCR for diagnosis of stool specimens from patients with E. histolytica/dispar and that treatment should be prescribed for only patients positive for E. histolytica
ظهور الكوكسيديا الاعورية في الدجاج اللاحم في قطاع غزة
No full textBackground: Coccidiosis is a health problem resulting in significant economic losses worldwide. The impacts of disease on animal production include, for example, lost revenues, costs of vaccination, prevention, eradication, decontamination and restocking.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the occurrence of caecal coccidiosis among broiler chiken in Gaza strip.
Subjects and methods: The study was conducted during September (which has recorded the highest prevalence), October and November, 2009 in the Gaza strip governorates, Palestine. Randomly 390 broilers caeca were collected from poultry shops, 10 caeca from every poultry shop were sampled. Test tube flotation for caecal content and direct smear scraping of
the caeca lining was done to detect Eimeria tenella based on the dimensions of oocysts and schizonts respectively. In addition, postmortem was done to detect the clinical coccidiosis.
Results: The present study came up with the following findings: The prevalence of sub-clinical caecal coccidiosis was 54.4 %. Multi-variable associations were tested between each variable. Middle governorate represented the highest prevalence (80%). Clinical coccidiosis was only found in groups 1.3 to 1.5 and 1.6 to 1.9 kg with prevalence (9.3%) and (6%),
respectively.
Conclusions: The prevalence of the infection increased among the older broiler chicken. Absence of clinical signs of disease does not mean the farm is not infected; diagnosis is based on the presence of lesions at postmortem and the identification. With the aid of a microscope, using direct smear scraping is more sensitive and low cost and time. E. tenella in the present
study was found to cause clinical signs in broilers.المقدمة: يعتبر مرض الكوكسيديا أحد المشاكل الصحية في قطاع الدواجن ، التي تؤدي لخسارة اقتصادية على مستوي العالم، وتتمثل هذه الخسارة في ضياع الدخل، وتكلفة العلاج، والتحصين، والوقاية، ومكافحة التلوث، والعمل على تربية قطعان جديدة خالية من المرض.
الهدف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد ظهور مرض الكوكسيديا الأعورية في الدجاج اللاحم في قطاع غزة.
الطرق والأدوات: أجريت هذه الدراسة خلال 3 أشهر من عام 2009 ، وهي سبتمبر وأكتوبر ونوفمبر في محافظات قطاع غزة- فلسطين- حيث تم اختيار 390 عينة عشوائية من أمعاء (الأعور) الدجاج اللاحم، وأخذت العينات من محلات بيع الدواجن في أسواق المحافظات، وهي عبارة عن 10 عينات من كل محل بيع للدواجن، حيث اعتبرت العينات ممثلة عن القطيع، لتكون العينات ممثلة" عن 39 قطيعاً.وبعد إجراء التشريح على أعور الدواجن، تم أخذ محتوياته، وفحصه
باختبار الطفو الأنبوبي؛ للكشف عن بيوض طفيل الإميريا تنيلا، المسبب لمرض الكوكسيديا الأعورية، كما تم عمل مسحة مخاطية عميقة من جدار الأعور باستخدام اختبار المسحة العميقة المباشرة؛ للكشف عن طور الشيزونت لهذا الطفيل، كما تم –كذلك- عمل الصفة التشريحية للأعور؛ للكشف عن الآفات المرضية للمرض التي تسبب الأعراض السريرية.
النتائج: أكدت هذه الدراسة وجود مرض الكوكسيديا الأعورية تحت السريري في الدجاج اللاحم في قطاع غزة- فلسطين بنسبة 54,4 % بناء على العديد من المتغيرات التي تم استخدامها خلال هذه الدراسة، وقد تم تقييم كل متغير على حدة. توصلت الدراسة ان الاميريا تسبب ضرر اكلينيكى يمكن مشاهدته من خلال الفحص التشريحى
Immune-detection of Entamoeba histolytica in symptomatic and asymptomatic infection
Full text linkHigh prevalence of intestinal amoebiasis is commonly reported by microscopy in Gaza.To determine the misdiagnosis of intestinal amoebiasis associated with microscopic examination of faces, two tests were applied: 1-a non-specific antigen Entamoeba ( ELISA to differentiate Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar complex from other non-pathogenic intestinal amoebae.2- An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA for detecting antibody against E. histolytica, 53 stool and serum samples were used in this study: 32 ( 60.38% samples were symptomatic ( diarrheal patients and 21 ( 39.62% were asymptomatic. Data from these two immunological diagnostic tests were compared with those obtained by microscopic examination. A routine microscopic examination detected 7 ( 13.25 prevalence of Giardia lamblia, 21 ( 39.6% prevalence of Entamoeba spp. 13 ( 40.6%; X2=0.578; P-value= 0.749 in symptomatic stool samples and 8 ( 38.1% in asymptomatic stool samples. ELISA antigen detected only 2 ( 6.2%; X2=1.364; P-value= 0.243 prevalence of E. histolytica/ dispar complex in symptomatic samples and none in asymptomatic samples. The two positive symptomatic samples by ELISA/Ag were also positive by microscopy, and no negative subject by microscopy was positive by ELISA. ELISA antibody detected 4 ( 7.5%; X2=0.195; P-value= 0.659 prevalence of E. histolytica in all subjects: 2 ( 6.2% in symptomatic samples which were positive by both microscopy and ELISA antigen and 2 ( 9.5% in asymptomatic samples, that were negative by both microscopy and ELISA antigen. The ratio of E. histolytica/ dispar was very low ( 3.7% suggesting that the vast majority of Entamoeba infections in this area were nonpathogenic. The microscopic examination is less sensitive than both ELISA/Ag and ELISA/IgG tests
Distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in household in Beit-lahia city, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Full text linkA house hold survey included 1000 individuals from all ages was conducted in Biet-lahia, Palestine. Wet mount using saline and iodine and sedimentation techniques were used in detection of helminthes eggs and protozoan parasites. It was found that ( 72.9% of examined individuals infected with different types of intestinal parasites. The highest helminth detected was
Ascaris lumbricoides ( 56% , followed by Strongyloides stercoralis ( 15.5% . Age and prevalence of intestinal parasites was found statistically significant. Level of education was found also to be correlated significantly with decreasing the infection. It is recommended to do annual campaigns for parasitological surveys searching for contaminated soils with Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercorali