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Exploring the gut-brain axis: probiotic intervention as an additional treatment in depression
Get PDFThe gut-brain axis is a two-way communication between the emotional and cognitive centres
of the brain and peripheral gut functions. The possibility of probiotics as an additional treatment
to antidepressants has become increasingly popular over the last years, thanks to the wide range
of benefits probiotics offer to our body. This, together with the impact and growth of depression
in society have been the reasons behind this review, which aimed to study the relationship
between the gut-brain axis and Major Depressive Disorder, as well as how probiotics may
affect this connection. Based on a thorough analysis of the most relevant clinical trials in this
field of research, the results obtained are, firstly, that probiotic administration improves
depressive symptoms and, secondly, that there is an altered and specific microbiota in
depressive patients who are under probiotic treatment, highlighting Ruminococcus strains as
the most relevant. This review supports the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy for
patients with depression, but even with these results, it is emphasized that this area of research
is growing in an unstructured way and is notable for its lack of clinical trials, therefore more
research is needed in this field to provide more accurate and generalizable conclusions.Psicologí
Diseño de un programa de intervención dirigido a padres con hijos enfermos de cáncer infantil basado en el protocolo transdiagnóstico
Get PDFEl cáncer infantil y todos los procesos que implican dicha enfermedad, genera un impacto
emocional importante no solo en los niños, sino también en la familia. Tras las primeras reacciones
emocionales en los padres que se presentan como respuestas de shock, miedo, impotencia y
desesperación, también estos pueden desarrollar trastornos emocionales (ansiedad, depresión) o trastorno
de estrés postraumático. Existen evidencias de que el tratamiento en regulación emocional a través del
protocolo basado en el transdiagnóstico es y ha sido eficaz en diferentes sintomatologías. Por ello, se ha
considerado pertinente el diseño de un programa de intervención basado en el programa transdiagnóstico,
dirigido a padres de niños enfermos de cáncer, de edades entre los 3-18 años, con el fin de mejorar la
sintomatología congruente con los trastornos emocionales, que pueden experimentar durante la
enfermedad de sus hijos. El presente programa cuenta con 10 sesiones, de frecuencia semanal y una
duración de 2 horas cada sesión. El objetivo principal es entrenar a los progenitores en habilidades de
comprensión y expresión emocional, en estrategias de afrontamiento de regulación emocional
adaptativas, y fomentar el apoyo emocional y social junto a otras familias que estén viviendo el mismo
proceso. Su ámbito de aplicación es el contexto hospitalario, aunque se puede aplicar en otros entornos.The childhood cancer and all the processes that imply this illness, produce an important
emotional impact in childen and the family too. After the first emotional reactions from parents as shock
answers, fear, impotence and desperation, they can also develop emotional disorders (anxiety,
depression) or post-traumatic stress disorser. There is some evidence that the treatment in emotional
regulation trough the protocolo based on the transdiagnostic program, wich is and it was efficient in
different symptomatology. For this reason, it has been considered useful the design of an intervention
program based on the transdiagnostic program, wich is aimed at parents who have children with cancer
between the ages of 3 and 18, in order to improve the congruent symptomatology with emotional
disorders that they can experience during the children’s illness. This program has 10 sessions per week
and 2 hours per session. The main aim is to coach parents in comprehension abilities and emotional
expression, in confrontation strategies of adaptative emotional regulation, and to encourage the social
emotional and social support together whith other families who are living the same process. The
implementation area is the hospital context but it can be applied to other surrounding.Psicologí
The role of the ordinary in criminal law
Get PDFSe introduce el trabajo recordando quienes son llamados ordinarios en la Iglesia. Quien ordinario del lugar. Quienes no son ordinario del lugar y quienes no son ordinarios. A su vez, profundizando en la responsabilidad del Obispo diocesano, se introducen sus deberes y obligaciones, también como juez y, más en concreto, en relación con el derecho penal. Con respecto al obispo diocesano, se da cuenta de las importantes precisiones que introduce el libro VI. Ante la noticia del delito, ha de realizar una diligente investigación previa, y en caso de fundadas sospechas de culpabilidad, dar comienzo al procedimiento penal. Pues, solo se aplican o declaran las penas expiatorias tras seguir un proceso penal. Ciertamente, el proceso penal canónico se dirige a la búsqueda de la verdad acerca de la inocencia o culpabilidad del sujeto y en él se ha de observar en todo caso el derecho de defensa y la presunción de inocencia. Demostrada la culpabilidad y aplicada la sanción, esta habrá de ser ejecutada, puesto que el libro VI introduce la obligación bajo sanción de ejecutar cualquier Sentencia o Decreto ejecutorio, no solo los penales. Con todo, se recuerda que el derecho penal promulgado busca el bien de las almas y se ha de aplicar como instrumento de salvación (can. 1752).The work is introduced remembering those who are referred to as Ordinaries in the Church. Who Ordinary of Place. Who are not Ordinary of the place and who are not Ordinaries. Equally, by examining more deeply the responsibility of the diocesan Bishop, his duties and obligations are introduced, as a judge and, more specifically, in relation to criminal law. With regards to the diocesan Bishop, one becomes aware of the important precisions that Book VI introduces. Thus, it is established that, upon news of the crime, a diligent preliminary investigation must be carried out, and in the event of well-founded suspicions of guilt, criminal proceedings must begin. Expiatory penalties are therefore only applied or declared after following a criminal process. The canonical criminal process is certainly directed to the search for the truth regarding the innocence or guilt of the subject and within this process the right of defence and the presumption of innocence must be observed in all cases. Once guilt has been proven and the sanction applied, it must be carried out given that Book VI introduces the obligation under sanction to implement any Sentence or Executory Decree, not only those of a criminal nature. However, it is recalled that the promulgated criminal law seeks the good of souls and must be applied as an instrument of salvation (can. 1752).Derecho canónic
A comparative study between olive oil and corn oil on oxidative metabolism
Get PDFFats are an important part of diet, but not all lipids have the same structure and chemical properties. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their structure and can be monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, respectively. Most vegetable oils, such as olive oil and corn oil, contain significant amounts of these fatty acids. The presence of double bonds in the molecule of a fatty acid constitutes vulnerable sites for oxidation reactions generating lipid peroxides, potentially toxic compounds that can cause cellular damage. In response to this oxidative damage, aerobic organisms have intracellular enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. The aim of the present investigation was to study comparatively the effects of control liquid diets, of a defined composition, containing olive oil or corn oil as a lipid source respectively of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the oxidative metabolism of rats. Rats were divided into three groups which received a control animal feed diet (A.F.), olive oil liquid diet (O.O) and corn oil liquid diet (C.O) for 30 days. It was observed that the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), increased in the liver and white fat tissue of rats fed with olive oil when compared to the corn oil group. However, in brown fat tissue and blood cells, the enzyme activities showed a tendency to decrease in the olive oil group. In addition, the effect of olive oil and corn oil on several glucose metabolism parameters (pyruvate, lactate, LDH, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) showed that corn oil impairs to a greater extent the cellular metabolism. All these results helped in concluding that some body tissues are more adversely affected than others by the administration of corn oil or olive oil, and their antioxidant defenses and cellular metabolism respond differently too.This work was supported by the Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir” (grant number: UCV257-001)Nutrición humana y dietétic
Design and validation of the INCUE questionnaire: Assessment of primary healthcare Nurses’ basic training needs in palliative care
Get PDFMany instruments have been created to measure knowledge and attitudes in palliative care. However, not only is it important to acquire knowledge, but also that this knowledge should reach patients and their relatives through application in clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and psychometrically test the INCUE questionnaire (Investigación Cuidados Enfermeros/Investigation into Nurses’ Care Understanding of End-of-Life) to assess the basic training needs of primary or home healthcare nurses in palliative care. A questionnaire was developed based on the classical theory of tests and factor analysis models. Initially, 18 experts developed 67 items in two blocks and determined content validity by two rounds of expert panels. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing were conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 370 nurses. Some items were observed to have very low homogeneity indices or presented convergence problems and were eliminated. Questionnaire reliability was 0.700 in the theoretical block (KR20 Index) and 0.941 in the practical block (Cronbach’s alpha). The model converges and shows an adequate fit, specifically CFI = 0.977, TLI = 0.977 and RMSEA = 0.05. The correlation between the two factors in the model is ρ = 0.63. The questionnaire objectively evaluates primary or home healthcare nurses’ knowledge of palliative care and its practical application, thereby facilitating more efficient training plans.This questionnaire is being developed as part of a project to pinpoint the training needs of primary care nurses in the field of palliative care at the Dr Peset Health Department in Valencia (Project EAPCP19-V01)This project has received funding under the first Call for R + D Grants in Nursing 2019 (UGP-19-258), from the Fundació per al Foment de la Investigació Sanitària i Bioèdica de la Comunitat Valenciana (Fisabio).Enfermerí
The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Diet and Active Lifestyle in the Spanish Female Population
Get PDFA balanced diet and healthy social habits are two pillars on which the health of the population is based. Therefore, the efforts of the health system should be aimed at prevention. To this end, it is important to know the prevalence of these habits in different population groups and how they vary according to socioeconomic variables. This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study using surveys. A questionnaire was designed to explore a set of variables related to diet and an active lifestyle and was validated through a pilot study and a nominal group. Dissemination was carried out online through social networks by means of non-probabilistic snowball sampling, obtaining a sample of 14.784 women aged between 18 and 45 years. Bivariate comparative analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney method and the principal component analysis (PCA) method of dimensionality reduction was used to study the relationships between ordinal numerical variables. Results indicate that nutrition was influenced by the age of the sample; adult women have better nutrition than younger women, although they are more sedentary and do less sport. Women with higher education and a medium-high income have better nutrition and healthier lifestyles and a lower BMI and higher self-perceived health status than women with basic education and a lower income. It was concluded that a higher level of income and a higher level of education generally lead to a healthier lifestyle. Spanish women aged 18-45 years need to make changes in their nutrition and lead a more active life.Medicin
Women can transfer their ability to cope with stress from sport to academic contexts
Get PDFThis study retrospectively examined 182 high school student-athlete women aged 13-18 using Fletcher and colleagues' (2005, 2006) stress, emotion, and performance model to evaluate the impact of coping on engagement in both sports and academic settings. Additionally, the transfer of coping from sport to study was studied, with sports task-oriented coping acting as a moderator. Results indicated that in sports, stress was positively associated with emotional coping and negatively with engagement, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. In the academic setting, stress was positively correlated with distancing coping, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. Emotional coping and task-oriented coping both served as mediators, and sports task-oriented coping moderated academic stress and task-oriented coping. The findings support the processual model of stress and suggest that task-oriented coping should be encouraged and emotion-oriented coping should be avoided in both sports and academic settings. Furthermore, sport task-oriented coping was shown to transfer to the academic setting, as academic task-oriented coping decreased when sport task-oriented coping was below a certain threshold. Thus, it may be concluded thatcoping is a life skill that facilitates engagement in activities and may be transferred from sport to study in this sample of female student-athletes.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport
Sample 5: Dog Days
No full textThe welfare and preventive work of the figure of the dog in different areas is
gaining more and more relevance as this animal is one of the most demanded by
various characteristics: its cheerful and affectionate character or its ability to
socialise quickly (Martos-Montes et al., 2015; López-Cepero Borrego et al., 2015;
Maisón-Baibiene et al., 2020). It has been proved that dogs help motivate students
and increase their levels of confidence (Brelsford et al., 2017; Reilly et al., 2020).
This aspect has been echoed as suggested by a recent study by Martos-Montes et al.
(2015) which shows a boom and expansion of the professional activity of the
entities involved (institutions, companies, foundations, associations, etc.). These are
systematically and continuously dedicated to various actions, with animal-assisted
intervention (AAI) and animal-assisted education (AE), being their priority fields of
action education, social integration, gerontology, psychology/psychiatry or
neuro-rehabilitation. However, an in-depth analysis of the teachers’ perspective on the use of the dog
in the educational system as a pedagogical resource is unquestionable, given that
this is a key factor in influencing the acceptance of this idea and compliance with
the various interventions proposed in the school, as reflected in studies such as
those by Steel, Williams and McGeown (2021).
From this perspective, a simulation is considered with the general objective of
raising awareness among educators who teach Didactics and Educational Innovation and who are responsible for teaching future Pre-school, Primary or Secondary
Education teachers about the need to include these objectives in teaching programmes based on an educational model by competences.Educació
Germline cancer-related mutations detected by routine targeted NGS for tumour analysis: A series of 357 melanoma patients
No full textScreening for somatic mutations using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is the standard of care for many cancers to select the most appropriate tratment. Ideally, matched tumour-normal (T/N) sequencing allows the identification of true somatic mutations. This approach may also identify incidental germline pathogenic variants associated with inherited syndromesThis study was supported in part by Project PROMETEO21/067, Generalitat ValencianaMedicin
The Medial Triquetrohamate Portal: A New Portal in Wrist Arthroscopy. Anatomical Study
No full textIntroduction Continuing advances in wrist arthroscopy and better understanding of carpal conditions have created the need to design new wrist access portals that facilitate the implementation of new surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to define and verify the safety of the medial triquetrohamate (MTH) portal.
Description of the technique The MTH portal is located about 5-10 mm ulnar and 2-3 mm distal to the midcarpal ulnar portal, ulnar to the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) tendon of the fourth and fifth fingers, and radial to the extensor digiti quinti (minimi) (EDQ) tendon.
Methods An anatomical study was performed on 15 upper limb specimens from 15 human cadavers. Iatrogenic injuries to potentially at-risk neurovascular and tendinous structures were assessed, and the distance from the portal to these structures was measured.
Results There were no iatrogenic injuries to the structures at risk. Mean distances from the MTH portal to the EDC tendon of the fourth and fifth fingers and to the EDQ tendon were 4.67 ± 0.35 mm and 7.27 ± 0.18 mm, respectively. No differences were observed between the left and right wrists. The distance from the MTH portal to the dorsal sensory branch of the ulnar nerve was 15.07 ± 0.44 mm. The structure with the highest risk of injury was the EDC tendon of the fourth and fifth fingers, with a distance of less than 5 mm.
Conclusions The MTH portal is safe, reproducible and facilitates the implementation of various techniques related to midcarpal pathologyMedicin