RIUCV (Univ. Católica de Valencia)
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The tutored self-assessment as a feedback resource in university education
Get PDFLa autoevaluación estudiantil como parte de la formación en el universitario
es poco valorada en las instituciones de nivel superior. Con el objetivo de analizar las posibilidades
que ofrece la autoevaluación del tutorado como medio para favorecer la formación
universitaria y reforzar sus habilidades para el ejercicio de la profesión, se aplicó un instrumento
de autoevaluación tipo likert a seis generaciones de egresados de licenciatura en una
universidad pública mexicana. 294 egresados evaluaron su desempeño como tutorados en
cinco dominios: participación en la tutoría, actitud durante el proceso de tutoría, desempeño
académico, desarrollo personal-social y desarrollo de habilidades profesionales-laborales.
Se calculó alpha de Cronbach (0.89) y confiabilidad por mitades (Spearman, 0.84; Guttman,
0.82). Los jóvenes muestran interés en valorar su desempeño como tutorados, consideran que
el cumplimiento de las tareas asignadas durante su proceso formativo impactó favorablemente
en su rendimiento académico y, en su desarrollo personal y social. Se concluye que la tutoría
académica permite valorar el alcance de los logros de los universitarios, siempre que ellos
realicen un autoanálisis sobre su desempeño. Así, la autoevaluación estudiantil posiciona al
universitario como agente crítico y reflexivo sobre su desempeño profesional, siendo responsable
de sus fortalezas y debilidades formativasStudent self-assessment as part of university education is undervalued in higher level institutions. With the aim of analyzing the possibilities offered by the self-assessment of the tutored as a means to promote university training and improve their skills for the exercise of the profession was applied a likert-type self-assessment instrument to six generations of gradu-ates in a Mexican public university. 294 graduates evaluated their performance as tutors in five aspects: participation in tutoring, attitude during the tutoring process, academic performance, personal-social development and development of professional-labor skills. Cronbach's alpha (0.89) and reliability by pairs (Spearman, 0.84; Guttman, 0.82) were calculated. The results show that young people are interested in assessing their performance as tutored, considering that the fulfillment of the tasks as tutored during their training process had a favorable impact on their academic performance and on their personal and social development. Academic tutoring makes it possible to assess the scope of the achievements of students, provided that they are the ones who carry out a self-analysis of their performance. Student self-evaluation positions the university as a critical and reflective agent about their professional performance, being responsible for their formative strengths and weaknessesEducació
Vitamin b1 intake in multiple sclerosis patients and its impact on depression presence: a pilot study
Get PDFVitamin B1, or thiamine, is one of the most relevant vitamins in obtaining energy for the
nervous system. Thiamine deficiency or lack of activity causes neurological manifestations, especially
symptoms of depression, intrinsic to multiple sclerosis (MS) and related to its pathogenesis. On this basis,
the aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the nutritional habits of patients
with MS and the presence of depression. Therefore, a cross-sectional and observational descriptive
study was conducted. An analysis of dietary habits and vitamin B1 consumption in a Spanish
population of 51 MS patients was performed by recording the frequency of food consumption. Results
showed a vitamin B1 intake within the established range, mainly provided by the consumption
of ultra-processed products such as cold meats or pastries, and a total carbohydrate consumption
lower than recommended, which stands out for its high content of simple carbohydrates deriving
from processed foods such as dairy desserts, juice, snacks, pastries, chocolate bars, soft drinks and
fermented alcohol. In addition, a significant negative correlation between depression and the intake
of thiamine and total carbohydrates was observed. These findings could explain the influence of MS
patients’ eating habits, and consequently vitamin B1 activity, on depression levels.This research was funded by the Catholic University Foundation San Vicente Mártir, for the research project “The Impact of Triglycerides on Multiple Sclerosis” (promotion code 2018-203-001)Nutrición humana y dietétic
Diet and Lifestyle in the Spanish Population and Their Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables: A Descriptive Study
Get PDFA healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition have a major impact on the well-being of a population. Therefore, the aim of this research is to describe the behavior of these habits in relation to sociodemographic variables to provide data on the development of effective training and awarenessraising actions. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. To study the behavior of a series of variables related to eating habits and lifestyle, a questionnaire was designed and validated and subsequently disseminated online, by means of nonprobabilistic snowball sampling, relying on social networks. The sample collected consisted of 18,070 young adults of Spanish nationality. Bivariate comparative analyses were performed using t-test independent samples, and the effect size (ES) was calculated by determining Cohen’s D coefficient. A multivariate analysis were conducted using linear regression and principal component analysis. Results: Adults eat better but have a poorer quality of rest and are more sedentary than young people. No gender differences were found in nutritional habits; however, men engage in more sports and sleep better. People with a higher educational level have better nutritional and sleep habits, but are more sedentary, as are people of a higher socioeconomic level. Conclusions: Higher socioeconomic and educational levels seem to favor a healthier lifestyle. The Spanish population aged 18–45 years needs to make dietary changes but leads an active lifestyle.Medicin
The principle of proportionality in contexts of uncertainty: shortcomings and potential solutions in light of COVID-19
Get PDFEl principio de proporcionalidad es considerado el principal instrumento
jurídico de control de las medidas restrictivas de derechos, tanto en la jurisdicción
ordinaria como a nivel constitucional. Además de sus limitaciones tradicionales, se
han puesto de manifiesto durante la pandemia algunas insuficiencias adicionales,
que ponen en cuestión su efectividad en situaciones de incertidumbre fáctica, especialmente en contextos de alta complejidad técnica o científica. Tras analizar detalladamente este problema e ilustrarlo con medidas concretas adoptadas frente
a la covid-19, se analizan distintas vías que podrían ayudar a paliar estas insuficiencias. En concreto, la posibilidad de refinar el propio principio de proporcionalidad, extremar la deferencia a los demás poderes o adoptar decisiones previas
sobre la información que debe tomarse como referencia en caso de incertidumbre.The principle of proportionality is considered the main legal tool in order to
control restrictive measures of rights, both in ordinary Courts and at a constitutional level. In addition to its general limitations, new shortcomings have arisen
during the pandemic, which question the efficacy of the principle in situations of
factual uncertainty, especially in highly technical o scientifically complex contexts.
This article analyses this problem in-depth and exemplifies it with specific measures
adopted to prevent COVID-19. It also analyses potential ways to counter the aforementioned shortcomings, such as refining the principle of proportionality itself,
reinforce judicial deference to legislative and executive powers, or adopting prior
decisions as to the information that must be taken into account in case of uncertainty.Derech
Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defenses. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels by the use of precursors. This review examines the possible roles of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene as therapeutic strategies in ALS.We wish to thank Universidad Católica de Valencia “San Vicente Mártir” for its financial help (Grant: 2019-802-001)Medicin
Effect of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene and/or coconut oil on anthropometric variables in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A pilot study
Get PDFAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes the death of motor neurons and alters patients’ body composition. Supplementation with the antioxidants nicotinamide riboside (NR) and pterostilbene (PTER) can combat associated oxidative stress. Additionally, coconut oil is an alternative energy substrate that can address mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of a Mediterranean Diet supplemented with NR and PTER and/or with coconut oil on the anthropometric variables of patients with ALS. A prospective, mixed, randomized, analytical and experimental pilot study in humans was performed through a clinical trial (registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under number NCT03489200) with pre- and post-intervention assessments. The sample was made up of 40 subjects categorized into four study groups (Control, Antioxidants, Coconut oil, and Antioxidants + Coconut oil). Pre- and post-intervention anthropometric assessments were carried out to determine the following data: weight, percentage of fat and muscle mass, skinfolds, body perimeters, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waste-to-Hip Index (WHI) and Waist-Height Ratio (WHR). Compared to the Control group, GAx significantly increased muscle mass percentage and decreased fat mass percentage, triceps, iliac crest, and abdominal skinfolds. GCoco significantly increased muscle mass percentage and decreased fat mass percentage, subscapular skinfolds, and abdominal skinfolds. GAx + coco significantly increased muscle mass percentage and decreased abdominal skinfolds. Therefore, our results suggest that the Mediterranean Diet supplemented with NR and PTER and the Mediterranean Diet supplemented with coconut oil (ketogenic diet) are the two nutritional interventions that have reported the greatest benefits, at anthropometric level.This research study was funded by the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir (grant number 2017–216-001)University of Valencia (grant number OTR2017-18255INVES)The antioxidant compounds (NR and PTER) tested in the study were provided by Elysium Health. Inc. New York (United States)The supply of coconut oil was supplied through a collaboration between the Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir and the Fundación José Navarro, Fomento Alimentación Inteligente, Valencia (Spain)Nutrición humana y dietétic
In Situ Simulation: A Strategy to Restore Patient Safety in Intensive Care Units after the COVID-19 Pandemic? Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Patient safety is a public health problem worldwide. In situ simulation (ISS) arises as a learning strategy that allows health professionals to immerse themselves in a real environment without endangering the patients until they have learned the skills needed, thus increasing the quality of care. This systematic review aimed to verify the efficacy of the use of "in situ simulation" as a method that will allow health professionals to increase patient safety in Intensive Care Units after the situation experienced during the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. Methods: Seven studies were reviewed using the PRISMA methodology for systematic reviews. The CASPe guide was used to assess the quality of the manuscripts. Results: The main topics that emerged from this review in relation to in situ simulation were as follows: looking at aspects such as patient self-perception of safety, adverse events, interprofessional communication and health system organization in relation to in situ simulation. Conclusions: The adequate implementation of in situ simulation after the COVID-19 pandemic in ICU services is shown to be an efficient and effective strategy to promote improvement in the attitudes on a culture of safety and teamwork of professionals.Enfermerí
Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccination in healthy children. A review of current evidence
No full textInfluenza is common in healthy children and adolescents and is associated with a high rate of hospitalization in this group, especially for those <5 years. Although the WHO has recommended vaccination in children under 5 years of age since 2012, it is really implemented in few countries today. The aim of this paper was to review the available evidence on the efficacy/effectiveness of influenza vaccination in healthy children <18 years of age through a non-systematic search of studies conducted between 2010 and 2020. Despite the high variability in results due to differences in design, vaccine type and season included in the 41 selected studies, statistically significant studies show efficacy values for the influenza vaccine of between 25.6% and 74.2%, and effectiveness from 26% to 78.8%. Although a systematic review would be necessary to corroborate the evidence, this review suggests that paediatric vaccination is generally an effective measure for preventing influenza in healthy children in line with international organisms’ recommendations.La gripe tiene una elevada incidencia en niños y adolescentes sanos, y se asocia a una alta tasa de hospitalización, especialmente en los < 5 años. Desde 2012, la Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda la vacunación en < 5 años, pero pocos países aplican hoy esta recomendación. El objetivo de este documento es revisar la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia/efectividad de la vacunación antigripal en niños sanos < 18 años mediante una búsqueda no sistemática de estudios entre 2010-2020. A pesar de la gran variabilidad en los resultados debido a las diferencias de diseño, tipo de vacuna y temporada incluidos en los 41 estudios seleccionados, aquellos con significación estadística muestran valores de eficacia para la vacuna antigripal del 25,6% y al 74,2%, y de efectividad del 26% al 78,8%. Aunque sería necesaria una revisión sistemática para corroborar la evidencia, esta revisión sugiere que la vacunación pediátrica es globalmente una medida eficaz/efectiva para prevenir la gripe en niños sanos, en línea con las recomendaciones de organismos internacionales.Medicin
Effect of Familial Longevity on Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Case–Control Study
Get PDFFamilial longevity confers advantages in terms of health, functionality, and longevity. We
sought to assess potential differences in frailty and sarcopenia in older adults according to a parental
history of extraordinary longevity. A total of 176 community-dwelling subjects aged 65–80 years
were recruited in this observational case–control study, pair-matched 1:1 for gender, age, and place
of birth and residence: 88 centenarians’ offspring (case group) and 88 non-centenarians’ offspring
(control group). The main variables were frailty and sarcopenia based on Fried’s phenotype and
the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definitions, respectively.
Sociodemographics, comorbidities, clinical and functional variables, the presence of geriatric syndromes, and laboratory parameters were also collected. Related sample tests were applied, and
conditional logistic regression was performed. Cases had a higher percentage of robust patients
(31.8% vs. 15.9%), lower percentages of frailty (9.1% vs. 21.6%) and pre-frailty (59.1% vs. 62.5%)
(p = 0.001), and lower levels of IL-6 (p = 0.044) than controls. The robust adjusted OR for cases was
3.00 (95% CI = 1.06–8.47, p = 0.038). No significant differences in muscle mass were found. Familial
longevity was also associated with less obesity, insomnia, pain, and polypharmacy and a higher
education level and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The results suggest an inherited
genetic component in the frailty phenotype, while the sarcopenia association with familial longevity
remains challenging.This research was funded by the Ministry for de Economy and Competitiveness, Carlos III Health Institute (Spain), “Red temática de investigación cooperativa en envejecimiento y fragilidad” (RD12/0043/0033. European Regional Development Funds), and the Health Department grants for research (2012–2013, 2014–2015) of the Hospital Universitario de La Ribera in Alzira (Valencia, Spain).Medicin
La posibilidad de anotación de determinados laicos como ministros de culto en el Registro de Entidades Religiosas
No full textEl libro recoge los trabajos del X Simposio Internacional de Derecho Concordatario, celebrado en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de Zaragoza los días 1 a 3 de junio de 2022: un total de doce ponencias y veintitrés comunicaciones. En cuanto a las primeras, varias ofrecen una visión general de los ministros de culto en países de Hispanoamérica, como Argentina, Colombia y Chile, y de Europa, como Italia y Alemania, o en los Concordatos recientes; o estudian la autonomía de las confesiones y los ministros de culto desde una perspectiva comparatista. El resto tratan temas de Derecho español, como los orígenes de la dotación del clero, el régimen laboral de los ministros de culto, su anotación en el Registro de Entidades Religiosas y el secreto ministerial. En cuanto a las comunicaciones, referidas al Derecho español, varias abundan en las cuestiones anteriores, otras giran en torno al concepto de ministro de culto, a sus derechos y deberes, a su trabajo en hospitales, en centros de internamiento de extranjeros o como mediadores, o versan sobre otras materias igualmente interesantes.Derech