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Neuromodulation-induced prehabilitation to leverage neuroplasticity before brain tumor surgery: a single-cohort feasibility trial protocol
Get PDFLB, ÁP-L, and JT conceived the manuscript. LB, DB-F, NB,
and MC-T initiated the study design. KA-P, JM-F, DL-C, JP,
and EM-M helped with implementation. All authors contributed
to the refinement of the study protocol and approved the
final manuscript.Neurosurgery for brain tumors needs to find a complex balance
between the effective removal of targeted tissue and the preservation of
surrounding brain areas. Neuromodulation-induced cortical prehabilitation
(NICP) is a promising strategy that combines temporary inhibition of
critical areas (virtual lesion) with intensive behavioral training to foster the
activation of alternative brain resources. By progressively reducing the
functional relevance of targeted areas, the goal is to facilitate resection
with reduced risks of neurological sequelae. However, it is still unclear
which modality (invasive vs. non-invasive neuromodulation) and volume of
therapy (behavioral training) may be optimal in terms of feasibility and efficacy.This study was funded by the Fundación Joan Ribas Araquistain
(reference project 2020.330), Fundaciò La Maratò De TV3
(reference project 201735.10), and Fundaciò Bancària La Caixa
(reference project LCF/PR/PR16/11110004). The primary sponsor
is responsible for the design and overall conduct of the study.
Funding entities had no role in the design of this study and will
not have any role in its execution, analyses, interpretation of data,
or decision to submit results.Medicin
The dominican charism and the theology of Thomas Aquinus
Get PDFEl artículo hace un alegato en defensa de la existencia de un hilo conductor identitario en los frailes dominicos. Este alegato toma como fundamento la relación entre el carisma
de Domingo de Guzmán y la teología de Santo Tomás de
Aquino. Esta última, precisamente, es una teología en la que el
mundo dominicano se reconoce al percibir que fluye del carisma
que recibiera su fundador. El artículo, igualmente, señala el aire de familia entre la predicación del santo burgalés y el pensamiento del Aquinate, para justificar por qué el modo de hacer
teología de santo Tomás es un referente para la Orden de Predicadores.The article makes a plea in defence of the existence
of a common thread of identity in the Dominican friars. This argument is based on the relationship between the charism of
Dominic of Guzmán and the theology of St. Thomas Aquinas.
The latter is precisely a theology in which the Dominican world
recognises itself as flowing from the charism received by its
founder. The article also points out the family atmosphere between the preaching of the saint from Burgos and the thought of
Aquinas, in order to justify why the way of doing theology of St.
Thomas is a point of reference for the Order of Preachers.Religió
Creación y evolución. La imagen de Dios coherente con la actual concepción del mundo
Get PDFEl título “Creación y Evolución” está puesto con toda intención. Me parece que así vamos en la buena dirección. No hubiera sido bueno titular: “Creación o Evolución”. Porque la disyuntiva “o” indica que se trata de elegir entre dos opciones, supuestamente contrapuestas: o bien se está a favor de la creación o bien a favor de la evolución. La copulativa “y”, indica que ambas opciones son buenas, hablan de la misma cosa, aunque desde distintas perspectivas, y no se contradicen entre sí en modo alguno.Podemos entender el mundo como una maravillosa creación de Dios, y también podemos entenderlo como resultado de millones de años de evolución. Creación es un término teológico para indicar que, todo lo que existe, tiene en última instancia su razón de ser en el designio amoroso de Dios. Evolución se refiere a nuestra forma actual de comprender cómo ha creado Dios la diversidad biológica. Ambas consideraciones son necesarias para hacer justicia a la fe y para hacer justicia a la ciencia.The title “Creation and Evolution” is intended as such. It seems to me that we are heading in the right direction. It would not have been good to title it “Creation or Evolution”. Because the disjunctive “or” indicates that it is a choice between two supposedly opposing options: either one is in favour of creation or one is in favour of evolution. The copulative “and” indicates that both options are good, speak of the same thing, albeit from different perspectives, and do not contradict each other in anyway. We can understand the world as a wonderful creation of God, and we can also understand it as the result of millions of years of evolution. Creation is a theological term to indicate that everything that exists ultimately has its raison d’être in God’s loving design. Evolution refers to our current understanding of how God created biological diversity. Both considerations are necessary to do justice to faith and to do justice to science.Religió
The legal phenomenology of Adolf Reinach. From the discovery of speech acts to the possibility of a synthetic a priori legal science
Get PDFEl objetivo del artículo es describir la fenomenología jurídica
de Adolf Reinach, apuntar algunos posibles desarrollos de la misma
y esclarecer su contribución a la filosofía del derecho contemporánea.
En primer lugar, se traza una breve biografía intelectual de su autor,
para pasar, tras un breve análisis de su obra sobre La Premeditación, al
análisis de la teoría de los actos sociales y la exposición de la necesidad
y posibilidad de una ciencia jurídica cuyas proposiciones sean sintéticas
y a priori. Por último, se analiza la relación de esta ciencia que describe
los estados de cosas jurídicos, con la ciencia jurídica empírica y las disposiciones
del derecho positivo. Para terminar, se analiza la contribución
de estas investigaciones al desarrollo de la filosofía del derecho actual.The aim of the article is to describe Adolf Reinach's legal
phenomenology, to point out some possible developments of it and to
shed light on his contribution to contemporary legal philosophy. First of all, a brief intellectual biography of the author is given, and then, after a
brief review of his work on Premeditation, there follows an analysis of
the theory of social acts and an exposition of the necessity and possibility
of a legal science whose propositions are synthetic and a priori. Finally,
the relationship of this science, which describes legal states of affairs, to
empirical legal science and the provisions of positive law is examined.
To conclude, the contribution of this research to the development of the
current philosophy of law is analysed.Derech
Determination of leaf coefficient for vanilla (Vanilla sp.) and Chinese potato [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]
Get PDFEl resultado principal obtenido, se basa en la determinación de un coeficiente foliar para cada una de dos especies de plantas de interés para la investigación, la vainilla (Vanilla sp.) y la papa china [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]. El procedimiento seguido consiste en considerar una cantidad adecuada de nodos, tomando las medidas en un sistema de coordenadas rectangulares, ubicada la hoja de forma conveniente, a partir de los cuales se construye utilizando una modificación de la interpolación segmentada de segundo orden, que considera la condición sobre la segunda derivada, en lugar de la primera, con el propósito de modelar el borde de la hoja conservando la intensidad con la que se curva, identificada con la concavidad. Construido el borde de la hoja, se calcula el área que este encierra y se compara con la de un rectángulo que la contiene de forma inscrita, para determinar el coeficiente foliar que pueda ser utilizado en estudios sobre procesos de fotosíntesis en la planta. Son utilizadas dos modalidades de hojas para este fin, las hojas medidas experimentalmente y otro conjunto de hojas, generadas de forma artificial y proporcional, desde las de tamaño menor hasta las más grandes. Los cálculos se realizan con programas formulados en el Asistente Matemático Matlab.The main result obtained, it bases on the determination of a leaf coefficient for each one of two plant species of interest for the research, vanilla (Vanilla sp.) and Chinese potato [Colocasia esculenta (l.) Schott]. the procedure followed consists of considering an adequate number of nodes, taking the measurements in a rectangular coordinate system, it located the sheets in a convenient way, from which it is built using a modification of the second-order segmented interpolation, which is considered the condition on the second derivative, instead of the first, to model the edge of the leaf while preserving the intensity with which it curves, identified with the concavity. once the edge of the leaf is constructed, the area it contains is compared and it is compared with that of a rectangle contains it in an inscribed way, to determine the leaf coefficient that can be used in
studies on photosynthesis processes in the plant. two types of leaves are used for this purpose, the
leaves measured experimentally and another set of leaves, generated artificially and proportionally,
from the smallest to the largest. the calculations are carried out with formulated programs
through Matlab Mathematical Assistant.Ciencias Experimentale
Logoterapia y relatos de redención. Aportes de la logoterapia al proceso de desistimiento de la delincuencia
Get PDFEsta investigación analiza los efectos del sentido de vida –en su presencia o ausencia– y
la teoría motivacional de «la voluntad de sentido» en las diferentes etapas de la carrera
delictiva, especialmente en su desistimiento.
La criminología del desarrollo vital ha formulado un amplio abanico de teorías
para explicar la etiología y evolución de la trayectoria criminal. Sin embargo, no existe
un único modelo capaz de explicar, por sí solo, los procesos implicados en su comienzo,
persistencia y terminación. En su lugar, las investigaciones más recientes señalan que el
delito acontece debido a la confluencia e interacción recíproca de múltiples factores de
riesgo y de protección. No obstante, poco se sabe acerca del papel que desempeñan el
sentido de vida y otras variables existenciales en dicho proceso.
Viktor Frankl afirmó a mediados del siglo XX que el «vacío existencial»,
caracterizado por la falta de sentido, constituía el fundamento principal de la «tríada
neurótica de masas» –agresión, depresión y adicción–. Estudios psicológicos recientes
confirman una relación entre dicha variable y ciertas conductas antisociales,
especialmente la violencia, el abuso de sustancias y el alcoholismo. Además, se ha
observado que la población carcelaria suele contar con mayores indicadores de vacío
existencial que la población normativa, especialmente quienes reinciden. Por el contrario,
la presencia de sentido se vincula a estados positivos, como la autorrealización, el
optimismo, la esperanza o el bienestar (factores de protección que previenen el
comportamiento criminal).
Bajo tales fundamentos, el presente trabajo parte de la hipótesis de que los
elementos que la logoterapia asume como propios de la naturaleza humana –
autodeterminación, voluntad de sentido, sentido de vida, autotrascendencia, etc.– afectan
al desarrollo de trayectoria delictiva y subyacen al proceso de desistimiento.
Para comprobar tales hipótesis, se utilizó una metodología mixta: el peso de la
investigación recayó sobre un método cualitativo –análisis de historias de vida–, cuyos
resultados fueron complementados por un método cuantitativo –administración de un
cuestionario de sentido de vida y un cuestionario ad hoc sobre variables
2
sociodemográficas y criminológicas–. La muestra se compuso por 27 delincuentes de
carrera –18 hombres y 9 mujeres–: 23 que cesaron la conducta delictiva y 4 que persistían
en el momento de entrevistarlos.
Los resultados indicaron que los participantes se encontraban afligidos por el
«vacío existencial» durante su trayectoria criminal, lo cual favorecía tanto a la adicción
como a la persistencia delictiva. Por el contrario, el desistimiento implicó un proceso de
transformación existencial de la identidad, caracterizado por la toma de consciencia de
dicho estado negativo y el descubrimiento de nuevas fuentes de sentido –p. ej. familia,
religión, ayudar a otras personas, etc.– que reportaron un estado de plenitud que no pudo
ser experimentado durante el pasado criminal. Esto sirvió como un factor de protección
frente al riesgo de reincidencia.
Las conclusiones fueron que los paradigmas explicativos sobre la carrera delictiva
y el desistimiento deberían avanzar hacia un enfoque holístico que contemple su
multicausalidad y la interacción recíproca del sentido de vida con los factores biológicos,
sociales y psicológicos. Por otra parte, los modelos de tratamiento de la delincuencia
podrían beneficiarse de la inclusión de los fundamentos logoterapéuticos en sus
intervenciones: el sentido de vida podría servir como una variable que ayudaría a reducir
el riesgo de reincidencia y a mitigar la influencia de ciertas necesidades criminógenas.This research analyses the effects of meaning in life –on its presence and absence– and
the «will to meaning» motivational theory in the different stages of the criminal career,
specially its desistance.
Life course criminology has proposed a wide spectrum of theories to explain the
etiology and evolution of criminal career. However, there is not a single model which can
explain, on its own, the processes involved on its onset, persistence and end. Instead,
recent studies signal that crime occurs due to the reciprocal confluence and interaction of
many risk and protective factors. Nonetheless, there is a scarce knowledge available about
the role played by meaning in life and other existential variables in such process.
Viktor Frankl claimed during the mid-20th century that existential vacuum –lack
of meaning– was the main cause of the «mass neurotic triad» –aggression, depression,
addiction–. Recent psychological studies confirm the relationship between such variable
and certain antisocial behaviors, especially violence, substance abuse and alcoholism.
Moreover, it’s been observed that inmate population normally shows higher indicators of
existential vacuum than general population, especially those who relapse. Contrarily, the
presence of meaning is linked to positive states, such as self-regulation, optimism, hope
and wellbeing (protective factors which prevent criminal behavior).
Hence, we suggest that those elements that logotherapy assume as common
amongst human nature –self-determination, will to meaning, self-transcendence, etc.– are
involved in the development of the criminal career and underlie the desistance process.
To check this hypothesis, we used a mixed research approach: the weight of our
study relied on a qualitative method –life stories analysis–, whose results were
complemented by a quantitative method –administration of a meaning in life
questionnaire and an ad hoc questionnaire about sociodemographic and criminological
variables–. Our sample was composed by 27 career offenders –18 men and 9 women–:
23 who ceased offending and 4 who still persisted when they were interviewed.
Results showed that participants were troubled by «existential vacuum» during
their criminal career, which promoted addiction and criminal persistence. Instead, desistance involved a process of existential transformation of the identity, characterized
by the discovery of new significative sources of meaning –e.g., family, religion, helping
others, etc.– which provided a sense of fullness that couldn’t be experienced during their
criminal past. This served as a protection factor for the risk of recidivism.
We concluded that the paradigms of desistance and criminal career should move
towards a holistic approach which foresees the multicausality and reciprocal interaction
of meaning in life with biological, social and psychological factors. Moreover, treatment
models could benefit from the inclusion of the logotherapeutic fundamentals on its
interventions. Thus, meaning in life could serve as a factor that could reduce the risk of
recidivism and mitigate the influence of certain criminogenic needs.PsicologíaPrograma de Doctorado en los Retos de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas en la Sociedad del Siglo XX
[Reseña]. Han, B-Ch. (2022). Capitalismo y pulsión de muerte. Barcelona: Herder
No full textCapitalismo y pulsión de muerte es
la última obra publicada de Byung-Chul
Han. Se trata de un compendio de catorce
artículos a los que se añaden dos conversaciones
con el filósofo. Constituye
este libro una síntesis del pensamiento de
Han, particularmente en lo que al sistema
económico se refiere, lo que permitirá
a sus asiduos lectores disponer de un
compendio de sus principales propuestas
filosóficas y a quienes no han tenido
la oportunidad de leerle, de comenzar
a familiarizarse con el pensamiento de
uno de los filósofos contemporáneos más
relevantes.Filosofí
Celia: A Learning-Teaching Reading about the Female Character
Get PDFLa educación literaria en las aulas
comporta, no solo el aprecio literario
de los textos, sino también la educación
en valores para la formación de la personalidad
del educando: sujeto en formación
continua en la escuela. Las diversas historias
del personaje femenino Celia Gálvez,
creado por Elena Fortún para los jóvenes
lectores, presentan el proceso de formación
de una niña desde su primera infancia
hasta la juventud durante la primera mitad
del s. XX español.The literary education in the
classroom not only involves the aesthetic
appreciation of the texts, but also an education
in values in order to develop learner’s
personality: A Person in continuous
training at school. The several stories of
Celia Gálvez as a female character, created
by Elena Fortún for young readers, present
the training process of a girl from her early
childhood to her youth during the first half
of the 20th century in Spain.Educació
Design and Evaluation of a Set of Methodological Strategies for Learning a Second Language in Students With Down Syndrome Using Computer-Based Instruction
No full textThis article introduces a set of teaching strategies to enhance second language learning for students with Down syndrome (DS) enrolled in an English course covering material from the first two years of primary school. A set of instructional support strategies has been defined and integrated into an online learning software, developed ad hoc to teach the basic vocabulary of the English subject syllabus of the two first courses of primary school. A controlled experiment was carried out with 20 students with DS, who were divided into two groups: control and experimental. The control group was given a simplified version of the software, while the experimental group had access to the complete software with personalized instruction. Prior to the experiment, all participants undertook the same level test (pretest) in order to assess their initial knowledge level of English. After finishing the learning stage, a posttest was provided to the students to assess their learning. In both groups, results in the posttest were consistently better than in the pretest, supporting the positive effect of the learning software as an instructional tool. In addition, learning gains were significantly higher in the experimental group, that used the proposed instructional aids.Educació
Influence of print orientation on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of diagnostic casts manufactured with a daylight polymer printer
No full textStatement of problem
Print orientation may affect the manufacturing accuracy of vat-polymerized diagnostic casts. However, its influence should be analyzed based on the manufacturing trinomial (technology, printer, and material) and printing protocol used to manufacture the casts.
Purpose
The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the influence of different print orientations on the manufacturing accuracy of vat-polymerized polymer diagnostic casts.
Material and methods
A standard tessellation language (STL) reference file containing a maxillary virtual cast was used to manufacture all specimens using a vat-polymerization daylight polymer printer (Photon mono SE. LCD 2K) and a model resin (Phrozen Aqua Gray 4K). All specimens were manufactured using the same printing parameters, except for print orientation. Five groups were created depending on the print orientation: 0, 22.5, 45, 67.5, and 90 degrees (n=10). Each specimen was digitized using a desktop scanner. The discrepancy between the reference file and each of the digitized printed casts was measured using the Euclidean measurements and root mean square (RMS) error (Geomagic Wrap v.2017). Independent (unpaired) sample t tests and multiple pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni test were used to analyze the trueness of the Euclidean distances and RMS data. Precision was assessed using the Levene test (α=.05).
Results
In terms of Euclidean measurements, significant differences in trueness and precision values were found among the groups tested (P<.001). The 22.5- and 45-degree groups resulted in the best trueness values, and the 67.5-degree group had the lowest trueness value. The 0- and 90-degree groups led to the best precision values, while the 22.5-, 45-, and 67.5-degree groups showed the lowest precision values. Analyzing the RMS error calculations, significant differences in trueness and precision values were found among the groups tested (P<.001). The 22.5-degree group had the best trueness value, and the 90-degree group resulted in the lowest trueness value among the groups. The 67.5-degree group led to the best precision value, and the 90-degree group to the lowest precision value among the groups.
Conclusions
Print orientation influenced the accuracy of diagnostic casts fabricated by using the selected printer and material. However, all specimens had clinically acceptable manufacturing accuracy ranging between 92 μm and 131 μm.Odontologí