NUPI Research Online (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs)
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Utenrikspolitikkens mål er å gjøre innenrikspolitikken mulig
Full text linkI en mer tilspisset geopolitisk tid, er sannsynligheten økende for at verdens største statlig eide fond vil bli del av utenrikspolitiske problemstillinger. Både fordi skillet mellom politikk og økonomi er vanskeligere å opprettholde i 2024 enn på 90-tallet, samt fordi fondet er blitt så enormt stort. Andre land ofte verken skjønner eller godtar fullt ut at det er et skille mellom fondet og Norges øvrige politikk. Fondets framtid er av fundamental interesse for Norge. Norske myndigheter bør derfor forberede seg på at mer vanskelige utenrikspolitiske problemstillinger for fondet trolig kommer.Utenrikspolitikkens mål er å gjøre innenrikspolitikken muligpublishedVersio
Regulating production rather than consumption? Comparing the challenges of supply-side and demand-side climate agreements
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Addressing the Challenge of Russian Hybrid Warfare the NATO Way:The Case of Norway and Romania
Full text linkThe main objective of this report is to present how NATO has understood and been dealing with the challenge of the Russian political and hybrid warfare. In addition this study examines how two NATO member states, Norway and Romania, have been approaching these questions.Addressing the Challenge of Russian Hybrid Warfare the NATO Way:The Case of Norway and RomaniapublishedVersio
The future of the US nuclear guarantee
Full text linkThe war in Ukraine has the potential to fundamentally reshape Europe’s security landscape. This challenge is compounded by the deepening security cooperation between China and Russia. At the same time, political dysfunction in the United States raises concerns, and significant shifts in US security policy could diminish its commitment to Europe. Nuclear weapons play a pivotal role in great power politics. The modernization of US strategic nuclear forces presents a major challenge. These developments may erode the credibility of the US extended deterrence and nuclear guarantee to Europe. Given this context, it is crucial for European allies to strengthen their conventional defense capabilities, reducing reliance on nuclear forces. In addition, Europe should actively advocate for a robust nuclear deterrent. Although US tactical or sub-strategic nuclear weapons stationed in Europe represent only a small portion of America’s overall nuclear arsenal, they remain important. European nations should also pursue greater operational cooperation with US strategic forces, including hosting US strategic aircraft operations in their airspace and participating in joint training and exercises.The future of the US nuclear guaranteepublishedVersio
LEGISLATION’S PERMISSIVENESS AND THE FORMATION OF BRAZILIAN POLITICAL PARTIES (1979-2018)
Full text linkHow has legislation affected the creation of political parties since the return to the multiparty system in Brazil? When we discuss the high fragmentation of the Brazilian party system, one of the main reactions is to affirm that the legislation is permissive. In comparative terms, the literature says that it is easy to create a party in Brazil. In this article, we aim to verify this permissiveness using two approaches. The first one is centered on the electoral legislation, whereas the second one focuses on the specific party legislation. The analysis confirms the perspective that rules structure incentives and constraints for the creation of parties, but they did not operate uniformly over time. Rules are a necessary condition to explain the emergence of parties, however, not sufficient. Institutional changes have created windows of opportunity for the creation of parties with relevant impacts on the design of the Brazilian party system.publishedVersio
Ad hoc coalitions in European security and defence: symptoms of short-term pragmatism, no more?
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Sweden’s thorny path into NATO: a changing country is finding its new place
Full text linkOn 7 March 2024, Sweden joined NATO after almost two years waiting f’or Turkey’s and Hungary’s approval. Sweden’s difficulties joining NATO due to Turkish and Hungarian resistance and its ambivalent reactions to related pressure were symptomatic for the country’s cumbersome switch from its normative non-aligned foreign and security policy towards a more conventional hard security and collective defence policy. Along those lines, the country’s self-perception and role as an international actor has changed significantly within only two years. Sweden quickly adapted to its new role as a NATO member, prepared involvement in NATO operations, stepped up military support for Ukraine and increased military spending, strengthening its armed forces significantly. This matches Norway’s recent plans for enhancing its defence, facilitating even closer Nordic cooperation, especially in the High North.publishedVersio