NUPI Research Online (Norwegian Institute of International Affairs)
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Adaptive peacebuilding
Get PDFInternational peacebuilding is experiencing a pragmatic turn. The era of liberal idealism is waning, and in its place new approaches to peacebuilding are emerging. This article identifies one such emerging approach, gives it a name—adaptive peacebuilding—and explores what it may be able to offer peacebuilding once it is more fully developed. It builds on the knowledge generated in the fields of complexity, resilience and local ownership, and may help inform the implementation of the emerging UN concept of sustaining peace. It is an alternative to the determined-design neo-liberal approach that has dominated peacebuilding over the past three decades. It represents an approach where peacebuilders, working closely together with the communities and people affected by conflict, actively engage in structured processes to sustain peace by using an inductive methodology of iterative learning and adaptation. The adaptive peacebuilding approach embraces uncertainty, focuses on processes rather than end-states, and invests in the resilience of local and national institutions to promote change.Adaptive peacebuildingpublishedVersio
Colombia between peace and war : The 2018 presidential elections and the way forward
Get PDFThe presidential elections of 2018 are expected
to have significant implications for the matter of
peace, justice and conflict resolution in Colombia.
Since conflict intensity rose considerably in the
1980s, presidential elections have been greatly
influenced by the candidates’ approaches to the
conflict and how to deal with illegal armed groups,
particularly the FARC. What visions of peace do
the 2018 presidential candidates have, and what
could the implications be for the current peace
agreement with the FARC? The candidates, rightwing
and frontrunner Iván Duque and left-wing
candidate Gustavo Petro, promote dissimilar
visions of peace for Colombia. These reflect a
deeper political polarization within the country, a
key issue the next president will have to deal with.publishedVersio
Between classical and critical geopolitics in a changing Arctic
Get PDFPuzzled by how geographical changes in the Arctic might cause changes in state behavior the authors of this article have been inspired to return to the roots of geopolitical reasoning. By combining insights from the intellectual roots of the geopolitical tradition with empirical data on geographical changes as well as policy changes in the Arctic today, we investigate the degree to which geopolitics, in the sense of geography influencing politics, is still a useful approach in the discipline of International Relations (IR). In limiting our primary focus to the state level, and investigating the period since the turn of the millennium, this article seeks to develop new knowledge concerning if, how, and to what extent geography matters in international politics. Our empirical investigation indicates that geographical changes in the Arctic have indeed had an effect on power relations among several states. Overall, this article shows that geography is an important factor in IR in the sense of enabling or empowering state actors. However, while it appears that physical geography is a possible factor in the cases analyzed to explain changes in identified power potentials, it does not always account for these changes on its own. Economic, political, legal, and historical factors also play a role in the observed power shifts.acceptedVersio
The risks of being an ally
Get PDFStates join security alliances to increase their level of security vis-à-vis neighbours that may pose a threat. The deterrence logic that was the main rationale for joining NATO in 1949 still represents the cornerstone of Norway’s security policy. However, belonging to a military alliance can also pose challenges. This policy brief focuses on some possible negative spillover effects that could emerge from being member of a military alliance. The focus here is on current challenges within NATO, and the possible implications for Norway. First, we present a broader conceptual framework. What are the internal and external challenges facing NATO? How do NATO and its members deal with them? We then proceed to the implications for Norway. Due to structural factors that shape relations in Norway’s strategic environment – including the location of Russian strategic bases close to the border, and the clear asymmetry in capabilities – negative developments in other regions and theatres may influence Norwegian security directly. We argue that, in order to minimize the likelihood of negative trends spilling over to Norway’s strategic neighbourhood, it is important to communicate the special features of this neighbourhood clearly to other members of the alliance. Further, to facilitate intra-alliance trust and cohesion, Norway should also emphasize NATO’s internal, shared value-base, in order to make the alliance better prepared to meet external security challenges.The risks of being an allypublishedVersio
En utenrikspolitikk for folket? – Stortinget og utenrikspolitikken frem til 1940
Get PDFForedrag ved Utenriks- og forsvarskomiteens 100-årsmarkering, 19. januar 2017submittedVersio
Unclean Slates: Greenfield Development, Land Dispossession, and EIA Struggles in Goa
Get PDFacceptedVersio
Trusselen fra cyberspace
No full textCyberangrep øker i omfang verden over. Norge er et av verdens mest digitaliserte land og dermed spesielt utsatt, men dette blir i stor grad oversett av politikere og næringslivsledere
Customs-brokers as facilitators in international trade
Get PDFRecent studies suggest that firms can reduce fixed trade costs by hiring intermediaries like trading companies. I argue that customs brokers – a type of intermediary rarely studied in economics before – can play a similar role. Using panel data of Norwegian trade transactions, I show that such brokers are commonly used to clear goods through customs. I find indications of lower sunk costs as well as fixed trade costs for firms that hire such services. However, engaging brokers can be risky, and traders in high-risk products like food are more likely to self-declare. Results are similar for importing and exporting, indicating that customs brokers facilitate both modes of trade.publishedVersio
How the EU is facing crises in its neighbourhood: Evidence from Libya and Ukraine
Get PDFThis publication is funded under the EU-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/693337/EU/Good intentions, mixed results – A conflict sensitive unpacking of the EU comprehensive approach to conflict and crisis mechanisms/EUNPACK/publishedVersio
