Universidad Internacional De La Rioja

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    La función de acompañamiento del tutor en una institución con la enseñanza online

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    En esta comunicación se hace mención a la relevancia que tiene la figura del tutor en un centro o institución superior educativa con la metodología de enseñanza online. El tutor en la enseñanza online, es un apoyo muy importante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y sobre todo, con respecto a la orientación, la ayuda y el rendimiento académico del estudiante. Se parte de los antecedentes de su función en la enseñanza a distancia para luego definir su función y las características del perfil en la enseñanza online junto con unos indicadores de calidad que puedan ser representados en unos instrumentos de valoración

    La carencia de affectio maritalis en el concubinato como precedente de nuestra doctrina jurisprudencial sobre uniones de hecho

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    Our main objective in carrying out this research work is to delve into the le- gal nature of Roman concubinage, its essential elements, as well as its differences with respect to iustum matrimonium, because only in this way will we be able to understand the real legal scope of this type of relationship, which is so com- mon today and in Rome, and which has always existed outside the marital union because it does not meet all the formal requirements and content demanded for marriage. In this sense, we will observe how the lack of affectio maritalis proper to de facto unions is one of the essential notes that differentiate these extramarital relationships from marriage itself with full effects for the roman legal system. Therefore, after a brief overview of the different stages of Roman history and the consideration given to concubinage in each of these periods, we will learn more about the historical-legal institution of concubinage, and the large number of partnerships that have always existed. Finally, we will conclude by admitting that roman concubinage is the precedent of our most recent jurisprudential doc- trine elaborated by the Supreme Court on de facto unions, as opposed to legally celebrated marriage and with full effects for our current legal systemCon la realización del presente trabajo de investigación, nuestro objetivo principal es adentrarnos en la naturaleza jurídica del concubinato romano, sus elementos esenciales, así como sus diferencias respecto al iustum matrimonium; pues, solo de este modo, podremos comprender el alcance jurídico real de este tipo de relaciones tan frecuentes hoy y en Roma y que, desde siempre, han existi- do al margen de la unión marital por no cumplir con todos los requisitos formales y de contenido exigidos para el matrimonio. En este sentido, observaremos cómo la carencia de affectio maritalis propia de las uniones de hecho es una de las notas esenciales que diferencian a estas relaciones extramatrimoniales del propio matrimonio con plenos efectos para el ordenamiento jurídico romano. Por ello, tras un breve recorrido por las distintas etapas de la Historia de Roma y la consi- deración que se tuvo del concubinato en cada una de dichas épocas, se conocerá mejor la institución histórico-jurídica del concubinato, y el gran número de pa- rejas de hecho que siempre se han dado. Finalmente, concluiremos admitiendo que el concubinato romano es el precedente de nuestra doctrina jurisprudencial más reciente elaborada por el Tribunal Supremo sobre uniones de hecho, frente al matrimonio legalmente celebrado y con plenos efectos para nuestro sistema jurídico vigente

    A Systematic Review of Generative AI and (English Medium Instruction) Higher Education

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    This systematic review investigates the current state of research on Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and its implications for (EMI) Higher Education. The study employs a methodology based on an evidence-informed and theoretically credible framework to answer two research questions: (1) What studies of relevance to (EMI) Higher Education have been published thus far, considering the most recent developments of GenAI? and (2) Which key areas are currently lacking in extant literature and in need of further scholarly exploration in this regard in (EMI) Higher Education research? The results of the study reveal a limited number of pertinent publications, indicating a sparse scholarly landscape with a dearth of work on the implications of Generative AI in EMI Higher Education. Based on these findings, preliminary recommendations have been made to guide future research in this area. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the need for further research on the potential of GenAI to enhance the teaching and learning experience in (EMI) Higher Education and provides a theoretical framework to guide future research. These findings may inform researchers and educators interested in exploring how GenAI may be leveraged from different educational perspectives.Esta revisión sistemática examina la investigación más actual sobre inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa y sus implicaciones para la educación superior en contextos de inglés como medio de instrucción (EMI). El estudio aborda dos preguntas de investigación: (1) ¿Cuáles son los estudios relevantes para la educación superior (EMI) publicados hasta ahora, teniendo en cuenta los desarrollos más recientes de la IA generativa? y (2) ¿Qué áreas clave faltan por abordar actualmente en la literatura existente y necesitan una mayor exploración académica a este respecto en la investigación de la educación superior (EMI)? Los resultados revelan una falta de investigación sobre las implicaciones de la IA generativa en la educación superior, con un número limitado de trabajos relevantes. El estudio ofrece sugerencias preliminares para guiar la investigación futura en este campo. La revisión destaca la necesidad de más investigación sobre el potencial de la IA generativa para mejorar la experiencia de enseñanza y aprendizaje en contextos de educación superior en los que se emplea el inglés como medio de instrucción, y proporciona una base teórica para futuros estudios. Los resultados podrían ser de utilidad para académicos y educadores universitarios que busquen explorar el uso de la IA generativa desde diferentes perspectivas educativas

    Trends in LPWAN Technologies for LEO Satellite Constellations in the NewSpace Context

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    This study applies satellite constellations in Internet of Things (IoT) communications, specifically within low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies in the NewSpace context. It comprehensively categorizes and describes the functionality and typology of low Earth orbits (LEOs), examines the societal impacts of these technologies, and provides an in-depth analysis of IoT communication architectures and protocols utilizing satellites. Additionally, the study identifies and addresses the challenges faced in this domain while highlighting future trends and developments. By collating and synthesizing pertinent information, this research offers a thorough overview of the opportunities and challenges in this evolving field of study

    Effects of self-regulated strategy instruction on the reading comprehension process and reading self-efficacy in primary students

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    Self-regulation is an important factor in achieving successful reading comprehension. This study analyses the effects of a self-regu­lated strategy instruction programme versus a control group on reading comprehension performance, time spent applying strategies during the reading comprehension process and reading self-efficacy. The programme com­prised two conditions (condition 1 and condi­tion 2) in which the teachers provided direct and explicit teaching of self-regulation strategies before, during and after the reading process. In condition 2, explicit instruction in reading self-efficacy was added. In the control condi­tion, teachers provided traditional instruction based on reading aloud, sequential reading, text questions and the use of dictionaries. A total of 180 Spanish primary school students from eight different Year 5 and 6 classes (aged 10-12 under the Spanish education system) were either assigned to one of the two experi­mental conditions (Condition 1: N = 47. Con­dition 2: N = 47) or to the control condition (N = 86). Pre-test/post-test/follow-up measures were taken (six weeks after the intervention) of reading performance, reading self-effica­cy and time spent applying self-regulation strategies before, during and after reading through an online assessment. The results showed that the instructional programme had a positive and significant effect in the two ex­perimental conditions compared to the control group in terms of reading performance and time spent applying self-regulation strategies before and after the reading process. Howev­er, no statistically significant differences were observed in the time spent applying strategies during reading and in reading self-efficacy, neither between the two experimental condi­tions nor between the experimental conditions and the control condition. The implications of these results and their contribution to educa­tional practices are discussed.La autorregulación es un importante fac­tor para garantizar una adecuada comprensión lectora. Este estudio analiza los efectos de un programa de instrucción estratégica-autorre­gulada frente a un grupo control en el rendi­miento en comprensión lectora, el tiempo dedi­cado a aplicar estrategias durante el proceso de comprensión lectora y la autoeficacia lectora. El programa se desarrolla bajo dos condicio­nes (condición 1 y condición 2) en las que los profesores trabajaron la enseñanza directa y explícita de estrategias de autorregulación an­tes, durante y después del proceso lector. En la condición 2 se añadió una instrucción explícita en autoeficacia lectora. Mientras que en la con­dición de control los profesores impartieron la enseñanza tradicional basada en la lectura en voz alta, lecturas encadenadas, preguntas sobre el texto y uso del diccionario. Un total de 180 estudiantes de 8 clases de 5.º y 6.º de educación primaria (10-12 años) fueron asignados a las 2 condiciones experimentales (condición 1, N = 47 y condición 2, N = 47) y una condición de control (N = 86). Se tomaron medidas pre­test-postest-seguimiento (6 semanas después de la intervención) del rendimiento lector, la autoeficacia lectora y del tiempo dedicado a aplicar estrategias de autorregulación antes, durante y después de la lectura a partir de una evaluación online. Los resultados mostraron un efecto positivo y significativo del progra­ma instruccional en las dos condiciones expe­rimentales frente al grupo control en relación con el rendimiento lector y el tiempo dedicado a aplicar estrategias de autorregulación antes y después del proceso lector. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente signi­ficativas en el tiempo dedicado a aplicar estra­tegias durante la lectura ni en la autoeficacia lectora entre las condiciones experimentales ni entre las condiciones experimentales frente a la condición de control. Se discuten las implicacio­nes de los resultados obtenidos y su aportación a las prácticas educativas

    On k-polycosymplectic Marsden–Weinstein reductions

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    We review and slightly improve the known k-polysymplectic Marsden–Weinstein reduction theory by removing some technical conditions on k-polysymplectic momentum maps by developing a theory of affine Lie group actions for k-polysymplectic momentum maps, removing the necessity of their co-adjoint equivariance. Then, we focus on the analysis of a particular case of k-polysymplectic manifolds, the so-called fibred ones, and we study their k-polysymplectic Marsden–Weinstein reductions. Previous results allow us to devise a k-polycosymplectic Marsden–Weinstein reduction theory, which represents one of our main results. Our findings are applied to study coupled vibrating strings and, more generally, k-polycosymplectic Hamiltonian systems with field symmetries. We show that k-polycosymplectic geometry can be understood as a particular type of k-polysymplectic geometry. Finally, a k-cosymplectic to ℓ-cosymplectic geometric reduction theory is presented, which reduces, geometrically, the space-time variables in a k-cosymplectic framework. An application of this latter result to a vibrating membrane with symmetries is given

    Coste efectividad de la terapia de estimulación cerebral profunda en enfermedad de Parkinson: Revisión sistemática

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    Deep brain stimulation therapy (DBS) is an option for Parkinson's disease when patients present complications associated with the use of medications. Despite the high costs of the intervention, the benefits in terms of quality of life may result in a cost-effective strategy for healthcare systems compared to best medical treatment, considering the economic burden of the disease. A systematic review was performed, through a critical analysis of the literature on the cost-effectiveness of deep brain stimulation therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease with complications, compared with exclusive best medical treatment. The PubMed/Medline, Embase, and CRD databases were accessed using a publication date range between 2012 and 2023, in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A total of 136 articles were registered in the searches, 11 of which were selected for their relevance and met inclusion criteria. The benefits of deep brain stimulation therapy are superior to those of best medical treatment alone, with improvements in QALYs between 0.07 and 3.2. The most relevant costs of deep brain stimulation therapy are those assigned in the first year of treatment in relation to the acquisition of devices, surgery, and medical follow-ups; as well as the need to replace the battery of the power generator every 3 to 5 years. The improvement in quality of life, the reduction in drug doses and the rate of adverse events such as falls offset the costs of treatment. Time horizons of 3 years or more present incremental cost-effectiveness ratios that fit the decision thresholds established in some countries.La terapia de estimulación cerebral profunda (DBS) es una alternativa en el tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Parkinson para pacientes que presentan complicaciones asociadas al uso de medicamentos. A pesar de los elevados costes de la intervención, los beneficios del tratamiento en términos de calidad de vida pueden resultar en una estrategia coste-efectiva para los sistemas de salud en comparación con el tratamiento farmacológico exclusivo, teniendo en cuenta la elevada carga económica de la enfermedad. Se llevo a cabo una revisión sistemática, a través de un análisis crítico de la literatura sobre la coste-efectividad de la terapia de estimulación cerebral profunda en pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson con complicaciones, comparado con el tratamiento farmacológico exclusivo. Se accedió a las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, Embase y CRD usando un rango de fecha de publicación entre 2012 y 2023, siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA. Se registraron en las búsquedas un total de 136 artículos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 11 por su pertinencia y concordancia con los criterios de inclusión. Las utilidades de la terapia de estimulación cerebral profunda son superiores a las del tratamiento farmacológico exclusivo, con mejoras en AVAC entre 0,07 y 3,2. Los costes más relevantes de la terapia DBS son los asignados en el primer año de tratamiento en relación con la adquisición de los dispositivos, la cirugía y los seguimientos médicos; así como la necesidad de procedimiento de recambio de batería del generador de energía cada 3 a 5 años. La mejoría en la calidad de vida, la reducción en las dosis de medicamentos y en la tasa de eventos adversos como caídas compensan los costes del tratamiento. Horizontes temporales de 3 años o más presentan razones de coste-efectividad incremental que se ajustan a los umbrales de decisión establecidos en algunos países

    Cybersecurity Management in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Colombia

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    The aim of this research study is the analysis of the cybersecurity management in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs or MIPYMES) in Colombia. To reach this objective, the quantitative approach methodology was used, with a descriptive exploratory scope, in coherence with the research approach. To collect the information, a questionnaire was used, applied to 130 MSMEs companies from 23 states in Colombia. The results of the research study show that a considerable percentage of MSMEs in Colombia is aware of what cybersecurity is, and the main procedures that they carry out, depending on the Information Technology and Communications is about payments. The analysis leads to conclude that, while the enterprises know what cybersecurity is, they do not develop actions to mitigate risks originated from cyberattack threats. This is evident, among several other reasons, because in its great majority, they do not count with a unit in charge of managing cybersecurity, and when they make third party agreements of information services, they do not establish confidentiality agreements. These steps are essential for a safe digital transformation of MSMEs in Colombia

    Selected Motivations of Student Sports Volunteers in Terms of Professional Activity and Previous Volunteering Experience

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    Involvement in sports volunteering is not only a way to improve mental health by increasing a sense of appreciation or respect, but it also allows participants to take on an individual challenge, meet new people, or gain specific knowledge. The aim of this study was to analyze selected motivations of students from the University of Physical Education in Krakow to get involved in sports volunteering during the 2023 European Games organized in their city and verifying them in terms of gender, age, previous volunteering experience, and pursuing a career. A total of 535 students took part in the survey, of whom 52.71% (282) were female, and 47.29% (253) were male. Selected motivation statements were indicated by respondents through a 5-point Likert scale. The results of the completed study confirmed that pursuing a professional career alongside studies and previous experience in sports volunteering had an impact on undertaking sports volunteering (F = 11.754; r = 0.674; p = 0.003 and F = 10.241; r = 0.611; p = 0.002). The obtained research results may be important for sports psychologists and organizers of sports events in the context of recruiting volunteers or improving the process of managing sports volunteering

    Deporte Femenino y solución de conflictos a través del Arbitraje Deportivo y otros ADR

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    The dispute resolution system in women's sports, through sports arbitration and other means of out-of-court dispute resolution, has been operating under the influence of the traditional sports system, in which the historical limitation, if not the exclusion, of the participation of women has given rise to an underrepresentation of women in sports organizations, both at the international and national levels. This has implications on the specialized lists of arbitrators who decide these controversies and on the very composition of the arbitration panels, laminating the perspective of both genders in the analysis and decision-making of the cases to be decided. The transformation of the system goes through equal representation in the management and decision-making positions of sports organizations, in accordance with the current development of women's sport, with the impetus of the International Olympic Committee to achieve true gender equity in the distribution of influence and decision.El sistema de solución de conflictos en el deporte femenino, a través del arbitraje deportivo y de otros medios de resolución extrajudicial de disputas, ha venido funcionando con la influencia del sistema tradicional del deporte, en el que la limitación histórica cuando no la exclusión de la participación de las mujeres ha dado lugar a una infra representación femenina en las organizaciones deportivas, en sede internacional y nacional. Esto repercute en las listas especializadas de árbitros que deciden estas controversias y en la propia composición de los paneles arbitrales, laminando la perspectiva de ambos géneros en el análisis y decisión de los supuestos a decidir. La transformación del sistema pasa por una representación paritaria en los puestos de gestión y decisión de las organizaciones deportivas, acorde con el desarrollo actual del deporte femenino, con el impulso del Comité Olímpico Internacional para conseguir una verdadera equidad de género en el reparto de influencia y decisión

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