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The Investigation of the Fermentative, Chemical and Microbial Effects of Grape and Tangerine Pomace Added to High Moisture Alfalfa Silage
No full textThis study investigated the impact of grape pulp (GRP) and tangerine pulp (TNP) supplementation (10% each) on alfalfa silage quality. The control silage received no additives. After a two-month fermentation period, silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, fermentation quality, microflora, and organic acids. According to our results, both silage additives effectively lowered pH levels and isobutyric acid, while increased Fleig score and lactic acid levels compared to control group. However, GRP supplementation significantly increased the levels of crude protein (CP), yeast-mold colony count, and butyric acid levels. Conversely, TNP supplementation resulted in higher levels of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), valeric acid and lower acetic acid levels in the alfalfa silage samples. In conclusion, both GRP and TNP supplements have distinct effects on the chemical composition, silage quality, microflora, and organic acid profiles of alfalfa silage. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing alfalfa silage production and its utilization in animal nutrition. Further research could explore optimal inclusion rates and potential synergistic effects with other additives to enhance silage quality
EHL-İ KİTABIN ÖLÜMÜNDEN ÖNCE HZ. ʿÎSÂ’YA İMAN ETMESİ MESELESİ: NİSÂ 4/159 ÂYETİ ÖRNEĞİNDE KUR’ÂN YORUMUNDA ÜÇÜNCÜ TEKİL ŞAHIS ZAMİRLERİNİN İŞLEVİ
No full textKur’ân yorumunda dikkate alınması gereken Arapça gramer özelliklerinden birisi, üçüncü tekil şahıs zamirlerinin hangi maksatla kullanıldığını tespit etmekle ilişkilidir. Genel kanaat bu zamirlerin her durumda öncesinde kendisiyle sayı ve cins bakımından uyumlu bir isme dönmesi gerektiği yönündedir. Ancak burada üçüncü tekil şahıs zamirlerinin Kur’ân’da aynı zamanda “işaret zamiri” olarak kullanıldığı gözden kaçırılmaktadır. Bu durum çok sayıda âyetin eksik ya da yanlış yorumlanmasına kapı aralamaktadır. Nisâ 4/159 âyetinde zikri geçen “وَإِنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ ٱلْكِتَابِ إِلَّا لَيُؤْمِنَنَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ” ifadesinde kullanılan iki “هو” zamirinin yorumlanmasında benzer bir sorun mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak Nisâ 4/159 âyetinin tefsir ve meâllerde yorumlanışına dair örnekler incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Tefsir ve meâllerde genel temayül, buradaki zamirlerden ilkinin şahıs zamiri olarak Hz. ʿÎsâ’ya, ikincisinin ise ehlikitaptan her bir ferde ya da Hz. ʿÎsâ’ya ircâ edilmesi gerektiği yönündedir. Bu çerçevede âyetin ilgili bölümü genellikle şöyle meâllendirilmektedir: “Kitap ehlinden hiç kimse yoktur ki ölümünden önce, ona (ʿÎsâ’ya) iman edecek olmasın.” (Nisâ 4/159). Yapılan incelemede âyetteki ilk, üçüncü tekil şahıs zamirinin işaret zamiri olarak “Hz. ʿÎsâ’nın çarmıha gerilerek öldürüldüğü” inancına, ikinci zamirin ise Yahudilerden her bir ferde râci kılınmasının âyetin bağlamıyla en uyumlu yorum olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Buna göre âyette ehlikitap mensuplarının ölmeden hemen önce Hz. ʿÎsâ’ya iman edecekleri değil ölünceye değin Hz. ʿÎsâ’nın çarmıha gerilerek öldürüldüğü inancını ısrarlı bir şekilde devam ettirecekleri haber verilmiş olmaktadır
The transformation of the 'Myth of beauty' in the art of painting
No full textResim sanatında "güzellik miti", sanat tarihi açısından önemli bir yere sahiptir ve zamanla farklı dönemlerde değişim göstermiştir. Estetik bilimin temel kavramı olan 'güzel' söz konusu olduğunda, doğa ve sanat güzelliği arasında bir ilişki kurar. Antik Dönem'de güzellik, ideal formların ve simetrinin yüceltilmesiyle öne çıkmıştır. Bu dönemde sanat eserlerinde mitolojik figürler ve tanrılar sıkça yer almış, güzellik anlayışı metafizik temellere dayanmıştır. Rönesans Dönemi'nde ise insan merkezli bir güzellik anlayışı gelişmiş, insan anatomisi ve doğa gözlemleri sanatın temelini oluşturmuştur. Bu dönemde, sanatçılar mitolojik temaları tekrar ele almış ve klasik üslubu canlandırmıştır. Barok Dönemi'nde sanatçılar, dinamik kompozisyonlar ve dramatik ışık-gölge kullanımıyla duygusal ifadeleri vurgulamıştır. Güzellik, sadece fiziksel değil, aynı zamanda ruhsal ve duygusal bir derinlik kazanmıştır. Rokoko Dönemi'nde ise güzellik, zarafet ve süslemecilikle birleşerek daha hafif ve eğlenceli bir forma bürünmüştür. Bu dönemde, aşk ve gündelik yaşam sahneleri sanatın ana temaları olmuştur. Modern Sanat, güzellik kavramını sorgulayan ve yeniden tanımlayan birçok akımı içerir. İzlenimcilik, duyguların ve anlık izlenimlerin ön planda olduğu bir yaklaşımla, geleneksel güzellik anlayışından uzaklaşmıştır. Ekspresyonizm, sanatçının iç dünyasını ve duygusal tepkilerini vurgulamış, güzellik kavramını sübjektif bir zemine oturtmuştur. Kübizm ise formun parçalanması ve yeniden inşası ile güzelliği, geometrik soyutlamalarla ifade etmiştir. Sonuç olarak, güzellik miti, resim sanatında zamanla evrim geçirmiş ve her dönemde farklı anlamlar kazanmıştır. İnceleme, oldukça genel ve geniş alanı kapsayan bir çerçeveye sahiptir. Bu nedenle, konu ile ilgili mevcut literatürün derinlemesine tarandığı ve eleştirel olarak gözden geçirilip yorumlandığı bir tez olarak hazırlanmıştır.The beauty myth holds a significant place in art history and has evolved over different periods. As a fundamental concept in the science of aesthetics, beauty establishes a relationship between natural and artistic beauty. In the Classical Period, beauty was highlighted by the exaltation of ideal forms and symmetry. During this time, mythological figures and deities frequently appeared in artworks, and the understanding of beauty was based on metaphysical foundations. In the Renaissance, a human-centered concept of beauty developed, with human anatomy and natural observations forming the core of art. During this period, artists revisited mythological themes and revived the classical style. In the Baroque Period, artists emphasized emotional expressions through dynamic compositions and dramatic use of light and shadow. Beauty gained a deeper significance, encompassing both physical and emotional aspects. In the Rococo Period, beauty merged with elegance and ornamentation, adopting a lighter and more playful form. Love and everyday life scenes became the main themes of art during this time. Modern Art encompasses many movements that question and redefine the concept of beauty. Impressionism distanced itself from traditional notions of beauty by emphasizing emotions and momentary impressions. Expressionism focused on the artist's inner world and emotional responses, placing the concept of beauty on a subjective basis. Cubism represented beauty through the fragmentation and reconstruction of form, expressing it in geometric abstractions. Consequently, the beauty myth has evolved over time in art, gaining different meanings in each period. The review has a broad and comprehensive framework. Therefore, it has been prepared as a thesis in which the existing literature on the topic is thoroughly reviewed, critically examined, and interpreted
Determining the Factors Affecting the Compassion Levels of Students Studying in Health Sciences: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textObjective: This study is being conducted to determine the perceived compassion levels of students studying in health sciences and the factors affecting these. Method: The universe of this descriptive and cross-sectional study consists of university students studying in 2- and 4-year health-related undergraduate programs, with data being obtained from 920 students. The data were collected in Turkiye’s Marmara and Mediterranean regions between March 15, 2019 and April 15, 2019. The data consist of answers to questions examining the students’ sociodemographic characteristics and to the Compassion Scale. The data analysis benefits from descriptive statistics; number, percentage, mean, and standard deviation values; independent samples t-test results, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The study has found the students to have good compassion levels, with these levels having been determined to differ according to gender, class, and age. The female students’ mean compassion scores both overall as well as for the six subdimensions were found to be higher than the male students’ mean scores. A very significant difference (p<0.001) was determined between the mean overall compassion score and the mean score for the indifference subdimension according to the students’ grade levels. A very significant difference (p<0.001) was also found between the mean scores for the kindness and separation subdimensions, as well as a significant difference (p<0.05) among the mean scores for the common humanity, mindfulness, and disengagement subdimensions. Conclusion: Students’ perceived compassion levels were determined to change as a result of many factors. Universities must use all available resources to demonstrate and model compassionate behavior so that students do not lose sight of what compassion means with regard to their profession and the provision of quality care
Development of solar radiation prediction model using minimax algorithm
No full textRecently, many studies are carried out on solar energy (SE) and global solar radiation (GSR) estimation. When the literature is examined, there are many GSR estimation models developed with different algorithms in different regions of the world. Although some of these models are seen to perform acceptable all over the world, the performance of some models differs according to their location. The Minimax algorithm is a decision-making algorithm that maximizes the winning potential while minimizing the probability of losing. In this study, a new Angstorm model was developed for GSR with minimax algorithm. The most important aspect of this article in terms of originality is that the GSR estimation model is being developed with the minimax algorithm for the first time. The MATLAB program was used while developing the prediction model with the minimax algorithm. Different statistical error tests were used to evaluate the performance of the results. When these test results are evaluated in general, it is seen that the minimax algorithm gives acceptable results in GSR estimation
Recent tectonic features of Western Anatolia based on half-space modeling of GNSS Data
No full textA new block model including a 111-site GNSS network was computed to determine deformation pattern in Western Anatolia. These GNSS sites serving the block model were observed for at least 16 h within two consecutive days in 3 different years ranging from 2005-2010. The GNSS dataset obtained from this network were processed with GAMIT / GLOBK software and a high-precision Eurasia-fixed velocity field was produced for the Western Anatolia region. The results show that the region moves in the southwest direction with rates of 18-28 mm/yr with respect to Eurasian plate. To study the crustal stretching of the study area, we computed a novel model consisting of 6 blocks and 14 fault segments. Unlike the previously published block models, our preferred model consists of relatively smaller blocks and much more GNSS sites. Most of the block boundaries align almost in E-W direction except for one lying along NE-SW accommodated with Izmir-Balikesir Transfer Zone that has the highest lateral movement throughout the region. Achieved results highlight the importance of the structural elements in an active crustal stretching setting, with transfer faults approximately parallel to the main extension direction.Afyon Kocatepe UniversityHalil ibrahim solak reports financial support was provided by Afyon Kocatepe University. There are no commercial associations that might pose a conflict of interest. We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication
Upgrading the Bioactive Potential of Hazelnut Oil Cake by Aspergillus oryzae under Solid-State Fermentation
No full textHazelnut oil cake (HOC) has the potential to be bioactive component source. Therefore, HOC was processed with a solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Aspergillus oryzae with two steps optimization: Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. The variables were the initial moisture content (X-1: 30-50%), incubation temperature (X-2: 26-37 degrees C), and time (X-3: 3-5 days), and the response was total peptide content (TPC). The fermented HOC (FHOC) was darker with higher protein, oil, and ash but lower carbohydrate content than HOC. The FHOC had 6.1% more essential amino acid and benzaldehyde comprised 48.8% of determined volatile compounds. Fermentation provided 14 times higher TPC (462.37 mg tryptone/g) and higher phenolic content as 3.5, 48, and 7 times in aqueous, methanolic, and 80% aqueous methanolic extract in FHOC, respectively. FHOC showed higher antioxidant as ABTS(+) (75.61 mu mol Trolox/g), DPPH (14.09 mu mol Trolox/g), and OH (265 mg ascorbic acid/g) radical scavenging, and alpha-glucosidase inhibition, whereas HOC had more angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. HOC showed better water absorption while FHOC had better oil absorption activity. Both cakes had similar foaming and emulsifying activity; however, FHOC produced more stable foams and emulsions. SSF at lab-scale yielded more bioactive component with better functionality in FHOC.TUBIdot;TAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) [122R008]This work was financially supported by TUB & Idot;TAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) with the project number 122R008. This research was funded by TUB & Idot;TAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye) grant number 122R008 and the APC was funded by the authors
İrtidad Meselesiyle İlgili İbn Abbâs Hadisinin Tahrîci ve Yorumlanması
No full textThe concept of apostasy, which refers to a person leaving the Islamic faith and entering disbelief, is mentioned in the Quran and hadith literature as a significant event. One of the main hadiths supporting this concept is often referred to as the “apostasy hadith,” which translates to “Kill anyone who changes his religion.” Although various hadith scholars have transmitted this hadith in different parts of the collections, it is generally found under the “Hudûd” section (chapter) within the “Hükm of Mürtedin” subheading (bab). These chapter headings, frequently used by hadith scholars, contain valuable clues for understanding the hadiths and are adopted by many commentators. This hadith, widely accepted as authentic (sahih), serves as a basis for the legal ruling on apostasy, and there is a consensus regarding its theoretical significance. However, consensus on its practical application has not been established. It is understood that there is no contradiction between this hadith and the Quranic verse “There is no compulsion in religion.” In classical understanding, it is interpreted that this verse was either abrogated or explained with a specific context. This study does not aim to cover the entire issue of apostasy in detail but focuses specifically on the place and interpretation of Ibn Abbas’s hadith in the narration sources. To this end, the commentators’ remarks on this hadith, the approach of fuqahâ (Islamic jurists) to the narration, the background of the narration, and whether there was a conflict between this narration and the Quranic verses are examined. The study is limited to classical sources, with direct quotations used extensively to accurately represent the commentators' interpretations
Investigation on the structural, elastic, electronic, thermodynamic, and vibrational properties of the full heusler Sc2XAl (X =Cd and Zn): An ab initio study
No full textThe structural, mechanical, electronic, thermodynamic, and phonon characteristics of Sc2CdAl and Sc2ZnAl in L2(1) phase were the main focuses on this investigation. The density of states (DOS) and electronic band spectra signify the metallic behavior of the L2(1) phase of both materials. The impact of atomic arrangement with respect to the Wyckoff sites on the mechanical stability were additionally studied. The elastic constants of Sc2CdAl and Sc2ZnAl alloys indicated that these alloys convened Born mechanical stability criteria. Using the density functional perturbation theory's first-principle linear response method, complete phonon spectra have been acquired. Moreover, the quasi-harmonic approximation, specific heat capacity at constant volume, the internal free energy, entropy, and vibrational free energy variations of Sc2CdAl and Sc2ZnAl as full Heusler alloys have been utilized in examination the change over the temperature between 0 and 800 K. Both alloys might find application in real industrial applications
The Effect of First Aid Training Given to Women with Concept Map on Women's Knowledge Level and Attitude Towards Home Injuries
No full text1919B012216005Çalışma, kadınlara kavram haritası yöntemiyle verilen ilk yardım eğitiminin kadınların ev yaralanmalarına yönelik bilgi düzeyi ve tutumu üzerine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma tasarımı, tek bir grupta ön test-son test yapılan yarı deneysel modelle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılardan kişisel bilgi formunu, ilk yardım bilgi formunu ve ev kazalarını önlemeye yönelik tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendiren bir formu doldurmaları istenmiştir. Toplamda 300 kadın örnekleme alınmıştır. Öncelikle katılımcılar, ilk yardım bilgi formunu doldurmuş, ardından küçük gruplar halinde kavram haritası yöntemiyle eğitim almışlardır. Eğitimden sonra hem ilk yardım bilgi puanları hem de tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendiren formlar doldurularak aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, ön test-son test arasında ilk yardım bilgi puanları açısından anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (pThe study was conducted to determine the effect of first aid training given with the concept map method on women's knowledge level and attitude towards household injuries. The study design was carried out with a semi-experimental model with pretest-posttest in a single group. Participants were asked to fill out a personal information form, a first aid information form and a form evaluating their attitudes and behaviors towards preventing home accidents. A total of 300 women were included in the sample. First, the participants filled in the first aid information form and then received training in small groups using the concept map method. After the training, both the first aid knowledge scores and the forms evaluating their attitudes and behaviors were filled out and the difference was statistically evaluated. According to the results of the study, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in terms of first aid knowledge scores (pTUBİTAK 2209-A Öğrenci Projeleri Destekleme Birim