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A frequency-based exploratory study of word combinations by EFL learners towards adjective-noun collocations
No full textThe mastery of formulaic sequences by language learners is considered to be crucial since it enables them to accomplish the basic communicative requirements (Wray, 2002) of target language use. Of all the formulaic sequences, the mastery of collocations is known to have an enormous impact on learners' ability to move beyond the intermediate level. This data-driven study explores the word combinations (both conventional and unconventional L2 strings) of L2 users of English. Specifically, the adjective-noun combinations in an L2 corpus (Turkish Undergraduate Writers of English) were explored to find the potential L2 strings functioning as unconventional collocations. Then, these L2 strings were compared with the adjective-noun collocations in the LOCNESS corpus to determine whether the choices made by L2 learners differed from those of L1 users. The findings show that the spectrum of the L2 word combinations was broader in comparison with LOCNESS. The results suggest that the L2 learners produced a higher number of unconventional collocations than conventional collocations matching with the L1. The L2 strings support that the use of collocations can be rather problematic for learners of English however advanced they are. Some pedagogical implications of the findings for explicit collocation and vocabulary teaching are discussed
The impact of women's cooperatives on women's economic and social lives: The case of Mersin province
Get PDFBu araştırmada, Mersin ilindeki kadın kooperatiflerinin kadınların ekonomik ve sosyal yaşamlarına olan etkileri ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Kooperatiflerin kadınların yaşamlarına sağladığı bireysel, sosyal ve ekonomik katkılar üzerinde durulmuş ve kadınların kooperatiflere katılma nedenleri ile üyelik sonrasında yaşadıkları değişim ve beklentiler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, kadınların kooperatiflere katılmalarıyla özgüvenlerinin önemli ölçüde arttığını, ekonomik bağımsızlık kazandıklarını ve sosyal çevreleriyle olan ilişkilerinin güçlendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Kooperatif üyeliği sonrasında elde edilen gelirlerin ise çoğunlukla kadınların kişisel ihtiyaçlarına ve ailelerine harcandığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, kooperatifler tarafından sunulan eğitimler ve atölye çalışmalarının kadınların mesleki bilgi ve becerilerini geliştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu eğitimler sayesinde kadınların işgücü piyasasına katılımları teşvik edilmiş, yerel kalkınmaya katkıları artmış ve kadınların toplumsal statülerinin olumlu yönde değiştiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, kooperatiflerin kadınların ekonomik olarak güçlenmelerinde ve bağımsız bir gelir kaynağı elde etmelerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kooperatiflerin bu şekilde kadınların sadece ekonomik değil, aynı zamanda sosyal olarak da güçlenmelerine katkıda bulunduğu vurgulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kadın kooperatiflerinin sürdürülebilirliğinin artırılması, kadınlara yönelik eğitim programlarının yaygınlaştırılması ve finansal desteklerin sağlanması, kadınların ekonomik bağımsızlıklarını kazanma ve sosyal olarak daha güçlü bireyler haline gelmelerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışma, kadın kooperatiflerinin bölgesel kalkınma ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği açısından taşıdığı önemin altını çizmektedir.In this study, the effects of women's cooperatives in Mersin province on women's economic and social lives have been examined in detail. The individual, social, and economic contributions of the cooperatives to women's lives were emphasized, and the reasons for women's participation in the cooperatives, as well as the changes and expectations they experienced after membership, were analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that with their participation in cooperatives, women's self-confidence significantly increased, they gained economic independence, and their relationships with their social circles strengthened. It was observed that the income obtained after cooperative membership was mostly spent on women's personal needs and their families. In addition, it was determined that the trainings and workshops offered by the cooperatives improved women's professional knowledge and skills. Thanks to these trainings, women's participation in the labor market was encouraged, their contributions to local development increased, and their social status positively changed. Furthermore, it was found that cooperatives were effective in empowering women economically and enabling them to obtain an independent source of income. It was emphasized that cooperatives contribute not only to women's economic empowerment but also to their social empowerment. In conclusion, increasing the sustainability of women's cooperatives, expanding training programs for women, and providing financial support play an important role in helping women gain economic independence and become stronger individuals socially. The study highlights the significance of women's cooperatives in terms of regional development and gender equality
Destinasyon Sosyal Sorumluluğu, Müşteri Memnuniyeti, Tekrar Ziyaret ve Tavsiye Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkilerin Belirlenmesi: İstanbul Örneği
No full textKurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, işletmelerin çevreye ve topluma yönelik görevleridir. Turizmde otel işletmelerinin de çevreye ve müşterilerine yönelik sorumlulukları vardır. Bu otel işletmelerinin sorumlulukları müşterilerin davranışsal niyetlerini etkilemektedir. Hazırlanan çalışma otel işletmelerindeki kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk, memnuniyet, tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye etme niyeti arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda nicel araştırma yöntemi ve tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan basit küreleme örnekleme tekniği kullanılmış ve İstanbul’daki otelleri ziyaret edenlerin katılım sağladığı 500 anket toplanmıştır. Elde edilen anketlerin 481’i analiz için uygun bulunmuştur. Verilerin analizinde SPSS programından yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda İstanbul’daki otellerin kurumsal sosyal sorumluluklarının müşteri memnuniyeti ile tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye niyeti arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra İstanbul deneyimi sonucu oluşan müşteri memnuniyeti ile tekrar ziyaret ve tavsiye niyeti arasında da pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir
Bitkisel Proteinler ve Et Alternatifi Olarak Kullanımı
No full textDünya nüfusunun giderek artması ve kaynakların hızla tüketimi göz önüne alındığında, biyolojik değeri yüksek olan proteinlerin ulaşılabilirliği ile ilgili giderek artmakta olan ilgi daha çok görülür olmuştur. İnsan sağlığı ve hayvan refahıyla ilgili hususlar ile çevre kirliliğine çözüm arayışları, küresel ısınma ve sürdürülebilirlik; bitkisel proteinli et alternatiflerinin üzerinde çalışılmasını sağlamıştır. Artan tüketici talebini karşılamak için bitki bazlı et alternatifleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar hızla genişlemektedir. Jelleşme özelliği ve lifli yapı oluşturma potansiyelinin yüksek olmasından dolayı soya proteinleri, et alternatiflerinin hazırlanmasında tercih edilmiş ve hayvansal proteine alternatif için uygun bir seçenek haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada bitki bazlı et alternatiflerinin üretimi, lezzet geliştirme yaklaşımları ve sağlık üzerine etkileri irdelenmiştir
Activated carbon derived from radiation-processed durian shell for energy storage application
No full textA lignocellulosic biomass, durian shell, modified by radiolytic oxidizing species from gamma and electron beam irradiations, has been used as a starting material for activated carbon (AC) production. Facile hydrothermal carbonization with ZnCl2/FeCl3 and physical activation were employed in addition. The physicochemical and energy storage properties of the graphitic carbons were investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, Bru-nauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Biomass modification by radiolytic oxidizing species aided in improving the energy storage properties of the resultant ACs without significantly changing the textural qualities. The radiation type played an important role on the surface functional groups, basal plane, and pore structures of the graphitic materials. The energy storage mechanism was based on a combination of EDLC and pseudo capacitances with high Coulombic efficiency. The highest specific capacitance obtained was 325.20 F/g providing capacity retention of 94.79 % after 10,000 cycles. A promising method of AC production for energy storage application has therefore been successfully demonstrated.Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI) , Walailak University Master Degree Excellence Scholarships [ME01/2021]; Walailak University Graduate Research Fund [CGS-RF-2022/13]This research was financially supported by Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), Walailak University Master Degree Excellence Scholarships (Contract No. ME01/2021) and Walailak University Graduate Research Fund (Contract no. CGS-RF-2022/13)
Characterization of aroma and aroma-active compounds of black carrot ( Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) pomace by aroma extract dilution analysis
No full textThe aim of this study was to characterize the aroma and aroma-active compounds of black carrot pomace, a valuable by-product of black carrot juice industry. Aroma compounds were analyzed using GC-MS-O and extracted via the SAFE technique. The extract samples were determined to represent the odor of black carrot pomace quite well according to the results of the representative test. Accordingly, the aromatic extract scored 77.7 mm for intensity and 87 mm for similarity on a 100 mm unstructured scale. A total of 47 volatile constituents were identified and quantified including terpenes (20), alcohols (11), acids (7), esters (4), ketones (4), and lactone (1). It was observed that terpenes were the major aroma group. The use of aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) revealed only 29 of these compounds as aroma-active constituents. Phenylethyl alcohol (FD:512, OAV: 2488, rose) and phenylethyl acetate (FD:256, OAV:280, rose) were the aroma substances providing the strongest rose odor. Following these compounds, acetic acid (vinegar), dimethyl-propanedioic acid (pungent), (E)-beta-caryophyllene (salty cheese) and elemicin (spicy) were identified as other strong aroma-actives with FD values of 128 contributing to the characteristic odor of the black carrot pomace samples. The odor activity values (OAVs) ranged from 1 to 2488. The highest OAVs represent the high aromatic active compounds (FD >= 128). The distinctive aroma and rich color of black carrot pomace make it a recommended choice for enhancing flavor and adding natural coloring to food products.Cukurova University Research Fund [FBA-2022-15250]We thank the Cukurova University Research Fund (No: FBA-2022-15250) for its financial support for this study
Fabrication of date palm kernel biochar-sulfur (DPKB-S) for super adsorption of methylene blue dye from water
No full textA novel form of biochar was created by dehydration of Date palm kernel with 85% sulfuric acid. It was examined how the newly produced biochar (DPKB-S) affected the aqueous solution's capacity to extract Methylene Blue (MB) dye. The prepared DPKB-S was categorized by BET, BJH, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, DSC, and TGA analyses. The ideal pH for the MB dye adsorption by DPKB-S is 8. With 0.75 g L-1 of DPKB-S and an initial concentration of 50 ppm MB dye, Date Palm Kernel Biochar-Sulfur (DPKB-S) had the highest removal percentage of 100%. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to investigate the collected data. Freundlich model is the model that best covers MB dye adsorption in DPKB-S at low concentrations (0.75-1.25 g L-1) and the Langmuir model at high concentrations (1.5-1.75 g L-1). The Langmuir model maximum adsorption capacity (Q m ) of the DPKB-S was 1512.30 mg g-1. Furthermore, a variety of error function models were applied to investigate the isotherm models derived data, including Marquardt's percent standard deviation (MPSD), the sum of absolute errors (EABS), the sum of the errors squared (ERRSQ), root mean square errors (RMS), Chi-square error (X2), the average relative error (ARE), average percent errors (APE), and hybrid error function (HYBRID). Kinetic data were calculated by intraparticle diffusion (IPD), pseudo-second-order (PSO), pseudo-first-order (PFO), and film diffusion (FD) models. A PSO rate model with a strong correlation (R 2 = 1.00) largely regulated the adsorption rate. The removal mechanism of MB dye by DPKB-S is based on the principle that these positively charged dyes are attracted by electrostatic attraction forces due to the growth in the number of negatively charged regions at basic pH value. According to the results, DPKB-S shows promise as an affordable and competent adsorbent for the adsorption of MB dye. It can be used frequently without experiencing a discernible decrease in adsorption efficiency.The Science, Technology and Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) of EgyptNo Statement Availabl
A FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
No full textAs a result of the epidemics in the world in recent years the importance of the health sector has once again emerged and countries have started to invest more in the health sector. In addition to developed countries, underdeveloped and developing countries are investing more in the health sector and technology and governments are trying to control increasing health expenditures. One of the important and dynamic sub-sectors of the health sector is the pharmaceutical sector. States and international companies are investing more in the pharmaceutical sector in order to combat the epidemics in recent years and are conducting more R&D studies by utilizing the developing technology. In this study in the light of the data published by the OECD, it is examined whether there is a similar relationship between the change in the share of health expenditures in the GNP (Gross National Product) of OECD countries between 2010 and 2022 and the change in the size of the pharmaceutical sector in OECD countries. The change in the size of the pharmaceutical sector and the change in the share of health expenditures in GNP have not yielded similar results in each OECD country. It is thought that different factors such as demographic characteristics, geographical location and economic conditions of countries should be taken into consideration when evaluating the relationship between these two variables
Investigation of the effect of honey addition on the rheological properties of peanut butter
Get PDFBu çalışmada, yer fıstığı ezmelerine farklı oranlarda bal (Çam balı(ÇB), Kestane balı(KB) ve Yayla bal(YB)) (%2.5, %5 ve %10) ilavesinin yer fıstığı ezmelerinin reolojik ve duyusal özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Ezmelerin akış özellikleri reolojik özellikler açısından, Newtonyen (Non-Newtonian) olmayan akış davranışı göstermiş ve sonuçlar Herschel- Bulkley modeli ile ifade edilmiştir. Bal ilavesi yer fıstığı ezmelerinin viskozitelerini artırmıştır. En fazla viskozite artışı ÇB ilave edilen ezmelerde olmuş ve bunu sırasıyla YB ve KB ilave edilen ezmeler takip etmiştir. Panelistler, yer fıstığı ezmelerini yağlılık, akışkanlık, yapı, yapışkanlık, tat, renk ve genel beğeni kriterlerine göre puanlamışlardır. Panelistler tarafından en çok beğenilen örnek %5 ÇB ilaveli örnek olmuştur. Sonuç olarak, %5 ÇB ilave edilen yer fıstığı ezmesi üretimi önerilebilir.In this study, the effects of adding different amounts of honey (Pine honey (ÇB), Chestnut honey (KB) and Plateau honey (YB)) (2.5%, 5% and 10%) to peanut butters on the rheological and sensory properties of peanut butters were investigated. The flow properties of the butters showed non-Newtonian flow behavior in terms of rheological properties and the results were expressed with the Herschel-Bulkley model. The addition of honey increased the viscosity of peanut butters. The highest viscosity increase was in the butters to which ÇB was added, followed by the butters to which YB and KB were added, respectively. The panelists scored the peanut butters according to the criteria of oiliness, fluidity, texture, stickiness, taste, color and general appreciation. The sample most liked by the panelists was the sample with 5% ÇB added. As a result, the production of peanut butter with 5% ÇB added can be recommended.
The impacts of feeds and seasons on aflatoxin content of milk from Mediterranean region
No full textAflatoxins (AFs) are toxic metabolic products of fungi found in feed and food. Sheep, goats and cattle can convert aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). AFB1 concentrations in feed contaminated with AFB1 result in high AFM1 levels in milk and dairy foods. In this study, milk samples (relatively 792) collected from the Mediterranean region of Turkey between 2020 and 2022 were evaluated for the presence of AFM1 whereas in feed AFB1, aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) contents were determined using ultra-highperformance liquid chromatography with fluorescence (UHPLC-FLD) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS). The results of the study indicated that of the 550 feed samples analyzed, only 74 (13.45 %) showed AFB1 values above the EU threshold limit of 5 mu g/kg. AFs were detected in approximately more than half of the feed samples (234 feed samples), representing 42.54 %. AFB1 contents of 27.27 % of feed samples (150) ranged from 0.12 to 9.25 mu g/kg. Out 234 of feed samples, 7.26 % contained AFB2, 22.22 % contained AFG1 and 5.12 % contained AFG2. A total of 113 milk samples taken in 3 days were positive for aflatoxin. The AFM1 levels of 62 samples taken after 24 h and 50 samples taken after 48 h were positive for aflatoxin. In addition, the number of the aflatoxin positive samples was found to be higher at the end of three days in June, July and August 2020 and in August 2021. Strict agricultural practices, proper harvesting and drying techniques, and frequent testing of feed components for the presence of aflatoxin can all help lower aflatoxin levels