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Synthesis and characterization of oligomers contain phenylhydrazyne unit via oxidative polycondensation: Adsorption studies, kinetic modeling and validation methods
No full textIn this study, 4-((2-phenylhydrazono)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol (4-PHBD) Schiff base was obtained from the condensation reaction between 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3,4-DHBA) and phenylhydrazine (PH). The obtained Schiff base (4-PHBD) was polymerized using H2O2, NaOCl, and O2 oxidants in an aqueous basic medium (10 % KOH) and 4-PHBD was converted to o-(4-PHBD)-P (by H2O2 oxidant), o-(4-PHBD)-H (by NaOCl oxidant) and o-(4-PHBD)-O (by O2 oxidant). The structures of Schiff base and oligomers were characterized with FT-IR, NMR, SEM, TGA, UV-Vis, CV and GPC measurements. The Cyclic Voltammetry and UV-Vis measurements were used to ascertain the compounds' optical (Eg) and electrochemical (Eg') band gaps, respectively. The Eg values of o-(4-PHBD)-P, o-(4-PHBD)-O and o-(4-PHBD)-H were found be 2.99, 2.63 and 3.26 eV, respectively. o-(4-PHBD)-O was used as an adsorbent in the removal of methylene green (MG) from an aqueous solution. The obtained data were applied to pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models. It was determined that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo first order kinetic model. The kinetic model was validated with R2, RMSE, SSE, SD, Delta qe (%), MSE and ARE validation methods. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated as 7.31 kJ mol-1 using the Arrhenius equation. It was determined that the adsorption of MG on o-(4-PHBD)-O was physical adsorption
Thermal Performance Investigation of Vapor Chamber Under Partial Heating and Different Heat Flux Conditions: Effects of Inclination Angle
No full textThe need for cooling technologies increases tremendously with raising demand on the powerful and compact electronics. There, it pushes the research and technology to the new investigations on varying heat transfer mechanisms and devices. While one of these devices is vapor chamber (VC), an experimental study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer performance of a VC under partial heating, varying heat fluxes, and different inclination angles for different temperatures, in the current study. For this purpose, a VC with a dimension of 90 mm x 90 mm x 3 mm is evaluated via its resulting thermal resistance, performance, and the temperature distribution over the VC surface. There, the limited effect of inclination angle is observed on the performance, while the highest change is obtained with decreasing local heating surface area, thus increasing heat fluxes. Moreover, this trend is seen almost similar with a reasonable shift up or down according to the different temperature differences
A Leftist Quest at the Intersection of Identity and Secularism: The Peace Party
No full textTürkiye’de 1990'lar, siyasal çalkantılar ve toplumsal dönüşümlerin belirginleştiği, ülke tarihinin dönüm noktalarından biri olmuştur. Bu dönem, katliamlar, faili meçhul cinayetler ve siyasi yapının parçalanması gibi travmatik olaylarla şekillenirken, aynı zamanda siyasal İslam’ın yükselişi ve Kürt sorununun dramatik gelişmeleri de toplumsal dinamikleri derinden etkilemiştir. Alevî kökenli vatandaşlar, bu kaotik siyasi ortamdan büyük ölçüde etkilenmiş, özellikle Gazi Mahallesi olayları ve Sivas katliamı gibi trajik hadiseler, Alevî toplumu üzerinde kalıcı izler bırakmıştır. Bu olaylar, Alevîlerde siyasete karşı bir güvensizlik ve korku duygusunun yanı sıra, kendilerini siyasal yapı içinde koruma ve daha etkili bir biçimde var olma ihtiyacını da tetiklemiştir. Alevîlerin, siyasal alanda varlıklarını pekiştirme çabaları, Barış Partisi’nin ortaya çıkışına zemin hazırlamıştır. Barış Partisi, 1990'ların siyasal ortamında Alevî kimliği ve laiklik anlayışının birleşiminden doğan bir siyasi hareket olarak şekillenmiştir. Parti, dönemin toplumsal ve siyasal koşulları ışığında, Alevîlerin özgürlük, kimlik ve laiklik taleplerinin bir arada dile getirilmesi için bir platform sunmuştur. Bu bağlamda Barış Partisi’nin kuruluşu, yalnızca Alevîlerin siyasal alandaki etkinliklerini artırma amacını taşımamış, aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin 1990’lar siyaseti ve Alevî toplumu açısından önemli bir dönemin izlerini taşıyan bir örnek olmuştur. Bu hareketin gelişimi ve toplumsal etkileri, dönemin siyasal atmosferiyle ilişkili olarak Alevîlerin siyasal katılımının nasıl şekillendiğini anlamak açısından önemli bir inceleme alanı oluşturmaktadır.The 1990s in Turkey marked a turning point in the country’s history, characterized by political turbulence and profound social transformations. This period was shaped by traumatic events such as massacres, unresolved political murders, and the fragmentation of the political system. Simultaneously, the rise of political Islam and the dramatic developments surrounding the Kurdish issue deeply affected the country’s social dynamics. Citizens of Alevî origin were significantly impacted by this chaotic political climate, particularly by tragic incidents such as the Gazi Neighborhood Events and the Sivas Massacre. These events left lasting scars on the Alevî community, fostering a sense of distrust and fear toward politics, while also intensifying the perceived need for protection and more effective representation within the political structure. In this context, the Alevîs’ efforts to solidify their presence in the political sphere laid the groundwork for the emergence of the Peace Party (Barış Partisi). Formed in the turbulent political climate of the 1990s, the Peace Party represented a political movement shaped by the convergence of Alevî identity and a strong commitment to secularism. The party provided a platform through which demands for freedom, identity recognition, and secularism could be collectively voiced by the Alevî community. Thus, the foundation of the Peace Party not only aimed to enhance Alevî political participation but also constituted a significant case reflecting the broader dynamics of 1990s Turkish politics and Alevî society. The evolution and societal impact of this movement offer a valuable area of inquiry for understanding how Alevî political engagement was shaped in relation to the political atmosphere of the period
Evaluation of the Effect of Sustainable Drying Techniques and Intensification Technologies on Color Profile of Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables
No full textThis research investigates the effects of various drying procedures and intensification technologies on the color profile of dried fruits and vegetables. The primary goal is to identify the most effective techniques for minimizing degradation, which is frequently caused by exposure to heat, oxygen, and longer drying durations, while retaining the original color of these products. Although conventional techniques like sun and hot air drying are often employed, enzymatic and non-enzymatic brownings usually cause a considerable loss of color. New technologies aim to better preserve the original color by cutting down on processing temperature and drying time. The paper also looks at the possibilities of hybrid drying approaches, which combine techniques such as infrared hot air drying and microwave hot air drying. These methods have been demonstrated to be especially successful in preserving color integrity and enhancing drying process effectiveness. The results highlight the vital significance that parameter optimization and drying technique selection play in maintaining the nutritional value and aesthetic appeal of dehydrated fruits and vegetables. This study emphasizes the significance of developing drying technologies to satisfy consumer desires for premium, aesthetically pleasing food goods, because color is a major factor in determining consumer acceptance and perceived product quality. With wider implications for food preservation and the food industry overall, this work helps to develop more effective and efficient drying processes by shedding light on how various drying techniques affect color retention
Death in Osmaniye folk culture
No full textÖlüm, insanlar için hayat kadar önemli bir olgudur. Ölüm karşısında insan, kişinin kaybıyla oluşan manevi boşluğun giderilmesi için birtakım pratikler üretmeye çalışmıştır. Bu pratikler aynı zamanda ölümün bilinemez oluşunun yarattığı korku ve kaygılardan uzaklaşma gayesini taşımaktadır. Böyle düşünüldüğünde ölüm, tarihsel süreçte hem bireysel yaşamın hem de toplumsal süreçlerin yönlendirici ve itici kaynağı olmuştur. Bu çalışmada Osmaniye halk kültüründe ölüm ritüelleri, inançları ve uygulamaları ile ilgili araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmada konuyla ilgili yazılı kaynaklar taranmış, sözlü kaynaklardan elde edilen bilgilerle derlenip sınıflandırılmıştır. Tespit edilen inanış ve uygulamaların Eski Türk inanç sistemleriyle ilişkileri belirlenmiş, günümüzde olan uygulamalarla bağlantıları kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Osmaniye'de son çeyrek yüzyılda gerçekleşen pandemi, deprem ve şehitlik gibi olağan dışı ölümler ile ilgili uygulamalar ve halk inanışlarının tespiti yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda Osmaniye'de halk kültüründe ölüme ait inanış, pratik ve uygulamalarda Eski Türklerin ve İslam sonrası Türk kültürünün izleri ortaya çıkarılmış; modernleşmeyle birlikte değişen ölüm uygulamaları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Osmaniye, ölüm, halk inanışı, folklor, pandemi, deprem, şehitlik.Death is a phenomenon as important as life for people. In the face of death, people have tried to produce some practices in order to eliminate the spiritual void created by the loss of the person. These practices also aim to get away from the fear and anxiety caused by the unknowability of death. When considered in this way, death has been the guiding and driving source of both individual life and social processes in the historical process. In this study, research was conducted on death rituals, beliefs and practices in Osmaniye folk culture. In the study, written sources on the subject were scanned, compiled and classified with the information obtained from oral sources. The relations of the identified beliefs and practices with the Old Turkish belief systems were determined and their connections with the current practices were tried to be established. In addition, it was tried to determine the practices and folk beliefs related to unusual deaths such as pandemic, earthquake and martyrdom in Osmaniye in the last quarter century. As a result of this study, traces of the Old Turks and post-Islamic Turkish culture were revealed in the beliefs, practices and practices of death in folk culture in Osmaniye; It was tried to determine the changing death practices with modernisation. Keywords: Osmaniye, death, folk beliefs, folklore, pandemic, earthquake, martyrdo
Biological activity potential of Thalictrum orientale: antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiproliferative effects
No full textBitkiler, biyolojik aktivite açısından önemli doğal kaynaklar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Thalictrum orientale türünün biyolojik aktivitesi kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, bitkinin etanol özütü Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Antioksidan kapasitesinin belirlenmesi için toplam antioksidan statusu (TAS) ve toplam oksidan statusu (TOS) Rel Assay kitleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Antikolinesteraz aktivitesi, asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve bütirilkolinesteraz (BChE) enzim aktiviteleri ölçülerek belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, antiproliferatif aktivite, A549 akciğer kanser hücre hattı üzerinde değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Thalictrum orientale’in TAS değeri 5.413±0.149 mmol/L, TOS değeri 8.300±0.056 µmol/L ve oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI) 0.154±0.004 olarak belirlenmiştir. Antikolinesteraz aktivitesi kapsamında AChE inhibisyon değeri 35.41±1.88 µg/mL, BChE inhibisyon değeri ise 58.63±1.24 µg/mL olarak saptanmıştır. Antiproliferatif etkinin, konsantrasyon artışı ile doğru orantılı olarak arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Thalictrum orientale’in antioksidan, antiproliferatif ve antikolinesteraz aktiviteleri açısından yüksek biyolojik potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.Plants are among the important natural resources in terms of biological activity. In this study, the biological activity of Thalictrum orientale species was evaluated comprehensively. For this purpose, ethanol extract of the plant was obtained by Soxhlet extraction method. To determine the antioxidant capacity, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were analyzed using Rel Assay kits. Anticholinesterase activity was determined by measuring acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme activities. In addition, antiproliferative activity was evaluated on A549 lung cancer cell line. As a result of the analyzes, TAS value of Thalictrum orientale was determined as 5.413±0.149 mmol/L, TOS value as 8.300±0.056 µmol/L and oxidative stress index (OSI) as 0.154±0.004. Within the scope of anticholinesterase activity, AChE inhibition value was determined as 35.41±1.88 µg/mL and BChE inhibition value was determined as 58.63±1.24 µg/mL. It was observed that the antiproliferative effect increased in direct proportion to the increase in concentration. The findings show that Thalictrum orientale has high biological potential in terms of antioxidant, antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities
Dimetokan officials according to the Sicill-i Ahval Registiries
No full textOsmanlı Devleti alemşumül devlet anlayışı ile başta batı olmak üzere topraklarını dört bir taraftan genişletmiştir. Dimetoka bu düşünce ile 1361 yılında Hacı İlbey tarafından alınarak Orhan Gazi döneminde Osmanlı toprağı olmuştur. Demetoka, Balkan Savaşları'yla önce Bulgarların eline geçmiş 1922'den sonra ise Yunanistan'a bırakılana kadar 500 yıldan fazla Türk yurdu olarak kalmıştır. Edirne'nin alınmasından sonra Edirne'ye bağlı bir kaza haline gelen Dimetoka, Osmanlı Devleti'nin sosyo-kültürel, siyasi, mimari anlayışı bakımından Balkanlar'a açılan kapısı olmuş ve bu özelliğini Osmanlı'nın son dönemine kadar devam ettirmiştir. Osmanlı Devleti Tanzimat'tan sonra yaptığı ıslahatlarla bürokrasisinde çalışan memurların görevleri, maaşları, atama durumları, almış olduğu ödüller, yapmış olduğu terfiler gibi durumlarını belirten defterler tutmuştur. Sicill-i Ahval Defteri adı verilen bu çalışmalar II. Abdülhamit Han Dönemi'nden sonra düzenli olarak tutulmaya başlamış, devletin yıkılışına kadar devam etmiş ve memurlar etkin bir şekilde kontrol edilerek memurlardan yüksek oranda verim alınmıştır. Bu defterlere kaydedilen memur biyografileri, memurların atamasından sonra vermek zorunda oldukları "Tercüme-i Hal Varakası" ismi verilen makbul bir belgenin eklenmesi ile başlamaktadır. Kişilerin devlet memuriyetinde kaldığı süre içerisinde atamaları, görev yerleri, bulundukları görevler, almış oldukları terfiler, ödüller, cezalar, maaş durumları gibi bilgiler yer almaktadır. Sicill-i Ahval Komisyonu'nun tutmuş olduğu bu defterler Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti Arşivleri Başkanlığında Osmanlı Arşivi bölümünde bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Sicill-i Ahval Defterlerinde yer alan Dimetokalı memurların biyografilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Dimetoka nüfusuna kayıtlı 82 memura ilişkin kayıtlar bulunmuştur. Bu memurların, eğitim, sosyal, ekonomik ve bürokrasideki durumları hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Bu bağlamda elde edilen bilgiler değerlendirilerek bölümler halinde yazılmıştır.The Ottoman Empire expanded its territory from all sides, especially to the West, with the concept of a universal state. With this idea, Dimetoka was taken by Hacı İlbey in 1361 and became Ottoman territory during the period of Orhan Gazi. Dimetoka first fell into Bulgarian hands with the Balkan Wars and remained a Turkish homeland for more than 500 years until it was given to Greece in 1922. After the capture of Edirne, Dimetoka became a district of Edirne and became the door opening to the Balkans in terms of socio-cultural, political and architectural understanding of the Ottoman Empire and continued this feature until the last period of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman State kept books indicating the duties, salaries, appointment status, awards received, and promotions of the civil servants working in its bureaucracy with the reforms it carried out after the Tanzimat. These studies, called the Sicill-i Ahval Book, began to be kept regularly after the reign of Abdulhamid II and continued until the collapse of the state, and the civil servants were effectively controlled and the highest productivity was obtained from the civil servants. The civil servant biographies recorded in these books begin with the addition of an acceptable document called the "Tercüme-i Hal Varakası", which the civil servants are required to submit after their appointment. It includes information such as the appointments, places of duty, duties held, promotions received, awards, punishments, and salary status of the individuals during their time in the civil service. These books, kept by the Sicill-i Ahval Commission, are located in the Ottoman Archives section of the Presidency of the State Archives of the Republic of Turkey. This study aims to evaluate the biographies of Dimetoka civil servants included in the Sicill-i Ahval Registers. Within the scope of the study, records of 82 civil servants registered in the Dimetoka population were found. Information was provided about the educational, social, economic and bureaucratic status of these civil servants. In this context, the information obtained was evaluated and written in sections
Hakkâri Beylerinin Hayırseverliği The Philanthropy of the Rulers of Hakkari
No full textRather, the study aims to examine the foundation institutions in the unregistered yurtluk-ocakl & imath;k government sanjaks in the context of Hakkdri. There are various reasons for taking Hakk & acirc;ri as an example. One of these reasons is that, despite its long history, its geography restricts human life and pursuits. As a matter of fact, the fertile alluvial plains familiar from Anatolia orRumelia do not exist here. Its strategic location, which played an important role in the Ottoman-Safavid rivalry, is another factor. Therefore, the status of the foundation institution in Hakk & acirc;ri, which lacked fertile agricultural land and was geographically and administratively distant from the Ottoman imperial administration both politically and financially, has been a matter of curiosity. There are many questions to be answered about the foundation stories, types, founders, income and expenditure status, and administration of the foundations in Hakkdri. First of all, it can be said that despite the humanitarian predicaments of the region, there were foundations in Hakkdri whose roots date back to the fifteenth century. Secondly, it is understood that the administrative functioning in the region also shaped the foundations. The fact that the founders of the foundations were beys can only be expressed in this way. Unlike the classical Ottoman sanjaks, Hakk & acirc;ri's foundations were administered by beys whose achievements in the region were based on a much deeper history. In Hakk & acirc;ri san-jak, families and clansmen, who acted as administrative intermediaries between the local and central administration, established some foundations as a necessity of their ancient presence in the region. In order to meet the expenses of these foundations bearing the names of beys such as Zeynel Bey, & Idot;zzeddin & Scedil;ir Bey, Es'ed (Melik Es'ed Bey) and Mustafa Bey, the revenues of some villages and hamlets belonging to the beys were allocated as compensation. This study aims to reveal the findings on the foundations of Hakk & acirc;ri beys, their administration, income and expenditures, based on the examples of documents, documents and ledgers prepared after the Tanzimat period
Farm to fork applications: how vibrational spectroscopy can be used along the whole value chain?
No full textVibrational spectroscopy is a nondestructive analysis technique that depends on the periodic variations in dipole moments and polarizabilities resulting from the molecular vibrations of molecules/atoms. These methods have important advantages over conventional analytical techniques, including (a) their simplicity in terms of implementation and operation, (b) their adaptability to on-line and on-farm applications, (c) making measurement in a few minutes, and (d) the absence of dangerous solvents throughout sample preparation or measurement. Food safety is a concept that requires the assurance that food is free from any physical, chemical, or biological hazards at all stages, from farm to fork. Continuous monitoring should be provided in order to guarantee the safety of the food. Regarding their advantages, vibrational spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy, are considered reliable and rapid techniques to track food safety- and food authenticity-related issues throughout the food chain. Furthermore, coupling spectral data with chemometric approaches also enables the discrimination of samples with different kinds of food safety-related hazards. This review deals with the recent application of vibrational spectroscopic techniques to monitor various hazards related to various foods, including crops, fruits, vegetables, milk, dairy products, meat, seafood, and poultry, throughout harvesting, transportation, processing, distribution, and storage.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-AICRP on PHET, Ludhiana [10007670181]Dr. Ravi Pandiselvam would like to thank Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-AICRP on PHET, Ludhiana [Project No: 10007670181, for funding
Do green energy, command and control-based environmental regulations, and green growth catalysts for sustainable development? New evidence from China
No full textSustainable development constitutes a comprehensive framework that integrates various economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Within this paradigm, the environmental aspect assumes particular prominence. In this context, we focus on the relationship between pro-environmental policies and sustainable development in China, the world's largest polluter. This study examines the impact of command-and-control-based environmental regulations (CCER), low-carbon energy, and green economic growth on sustainable development in China from 1990 to 2019. Methodologically, we follow up-to-date Fourier-based econometric methods. The results show that CCER, low-carbon energy, and green economic growth positively affect sustainable development. Accordingly, we argue that pro-environmental policies in China support sustainable development efforts. We believe that China's remarkable development in low-carbon energy investments, strict environmental regulation policies, and efforts to promote green economic growth are essential factors in such an outcome. Policymakers should pay attention to environmental and energy policies that promote the clean energy sector while continuing to implement relevant policies