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The Effect of Different Stabilisers on the Quality Properties of Tahini Milk
No full textThis study aimed to explore the chemical, physical, rheological, and sensory attributes of tahini milk produced with varying ratios of stabilizers, ranging from 0% (without a stabilizer) to other ratios including 0.2%, 0.08%, 0.06%, 0.04%, and 0.02% of x-carrageenan; 0.2% of xanthan gum; 0.2% of carboxymethyl cellulose; 0.2% of salep; 0.2% of guar gum; and 0.2% of carob gum. Tahini milk is produced by incorporating tahini, sugar, and various stabilizers into semiskimmed milk. Although the addition of different stabilizers did not affect its pH or acidity values, there were significant differences in the emulsion stability values, with the tahini milk exhibiting nonNewtonian flow behaviour. The addition of stabilisers was observed to have a significant effect on the colour and appearance, consistency, mouthfeel, and general acceptability scores of the tahini milk samples. Yet it did not affect the taste and odour or creaminess scores. The sample with 0.04% x-carrageenan presented the highest scores in sensory evaluation. Based on the given results, tahini milk with the addition of 0.04% x-carrageenan is recommended for production and consumption
OSMANLI SONRASI ORTADOĞU’DA ETNOPOLİTİK HAREKETLER VE YANSIMALARINA DAİR: EMPERYAL GÜÇLERİN GÖLGESİ ALTINDA TÜRK-ARAP SINIRINI BELİRLEMEK (1918-1920)
No full textThis study devotes itself to studying the ethnopolitical mobility that occurred in a part of the old Ottoman geography after the end of the First World War and its impact on the formation of nation-state formations, which are presented as the hallmark of the twenty centuries. Within the scope stated, the work focuses on Ourfa, Aintab and Aleppo, which are located in the south of Anatolia in a basic sense, and tries to reveal how groups belonging to the Turkish and Arab ethnicities residing here contribute to the development and expansion of Turkish and Arab nationalist movements that are in the process of nationalization. Apart from Ourfa, Aintab and Aleppo, the study aimed to give a different dimension to the issue by analyzing the ethnopolitical mobility in places such as Damascus, Beirut, Adana, Mosul, Alexandretta and Diyarbakir at a lower level and on the axis of three points, which are mainly concentrated within the scope of center-periphery relations. In addition, this study examined the ethnic formations such as Kurds, Circassians and Armenians in the three points considered to be the center of gravity and in the places linked to these within the scope of center-periphery relations. In addition to all these, the study ultimately examines ethnopolitical mobility, sometimes independently and sometimes in relation to each other, but also does not neglect to read it through imperial powers such as England and France, which were deployed to the Middle East in military and political terms after the First World War.Bu çalışma, Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın bitimini müteakip -eski- Osmanlı coğrafyasının bir bölümünde meydana gelen etnopolitik hareketliliği ve bunun XX. yüzyılın en büyük olgularından birisi olarak takdim edilen ulus-devlet formasyonlarının oluşumuna etkisini incelemek istemiştir. İfade edilen kapsamda, Anadolu’nun güneyinde yer alan Urfa, Ayntab ve Halep’i merkeze alarak buralarda yerleşik Türk ve Arap topluluklarına mensup grupların devletleşme sürecinde olan Türk ve Arap milliyetçi hareketlerin gelişimine ve genişlemesine nasıl katkı sağladıklarının ortaya çıkarılması hedeflenmiştir. Urfa, Ayntab ve Halep’in haricinde Şam, Beyrut, Adana, Musul, İskenderun ve Diyarbakır gibi yerlerdeki etnopolitik hareketlilik ise daha alt düzeyde ve merkez-çevre ilişkileri kapsamında yoğunlaşılan üç nokta ekseninde analiz edilerek meseleye farklı bir boyut kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak ağırlık merkezi addedilen üç nokta ile merkez-çevre ilişkileri kapsamında buralara bağıntılı hale getirilen yerlerdeki Türk ve Arap etnisitelerinden bağımsız Kürt, Çerkes, Ermeni vb. etnik ve birtakım dinî oluşumlara da bu alanda bir parantez açılarak bölgesel dinamizmin etnopolitik hareketliliği nasıl bir boyuta taşıdığı anlamlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu şekilde etnopolitik hareketlilik, zaman zaman müstakil bazen birbiri ile iç içe geçmiş olaylar kümesi şeklinde addedilmiş ve onun Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından Ortadoğu’da askerî, siyasî vb. açılardan konuşlanan İngiltere-Fransa gibi emperyal güçler üzerinden okunması arzu edilmiştir
Farklı Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Kereviz (Apium graveolens L. rapaceum) Sap ve Yapraklarının Aroma Profili Üzerine Etkisi
No full textThe aromatic stems and leaves of celeriac (Apium graveolens L. rapaceum), which are often underutilized, hold significant potential for evaluation in terms of aroma compounds and possible use as a spice. For this purpose, in this study, stems and leaves of celeriac were dried using oven and sun drying methods. Aroma profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and odor activity values (OAVs) were also calculated. A total of 17 aroma compounds were identified in both drying methods, with monoterpenes being the most abundant. The dominant compounds included limonene, β-myrcene, and α-osimene. According to the OAVs, 10 compounds stood out, with the highest OAVs recorded for 3-n-butylphthalide and β-myrcene in both samples. The concentration and OAVs of aroma compounds were higher in oven-dried samples compared to sun-dried ones.Kerevizin (Apium graveolens L. rapaceum) genellikle kullanılmayan aromatik sap ve yaprakları aroma bileşenleri açısından değerlendirilmesi ve baharat olarak kullanılması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla mevcut çalışmada, kereviz sap ve yaprakları etüvde ve güneşte olmak üzere iki farklı yöntemle kurutularak aroma profilleri gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) ile belirlenmiş ve koku aktivite değerleri (OAV) hesaplanmıştır. Her iki yöntemde toplam 17 aroma bileşiği tanımlanmış, monoterpenler en yüksek konsantrasyonda bulunmuştur. En baskın bileşikler limonen, β-mirsen ve α-osimen olarak saptanmıştır. OAV’ye göre 10 bileşik ön plana çıkarken, her iki örnekte de en yüksek OAV, 3-n-bütilftalid ve β-mirsen için kaydedilmiştir. Etüvde kurutulan örneklerde aroma bileşiklerinin konsantrasyonu ve OAV’leri, güneştekilere kıyasla daha yüksek belirlenmiştir
Enhancing COP of electric vehicle cooling systems using adsorption heat pumps
No full textThis study includes an adsorption refrigeration system as a secondary cycle to an electric bus's current cooling system. The objective is to increase the COP of the cooling system of the Electric Bus. By increasing the COP, the bus can have a longer range, and the state of health of the batteries can be improved. An adsorption chiller (AdC) is considered, and the waste of the synchronous motor of the electric bus is used as an input energy of the AdC. The novel pair is proposed as silica gel RD/ethanol. This pair gives the flexibility to use the low-temperature heat source of the motor to generate an extra cooling effect. The silica gel/ethanol AdC cooling capacity is optimized by using the cooling generated by the AdC, which does not use any electricity from the bus. The Matlab/Simulink codes of the motor and the adsorption chiller are combined. For different Vdc and rpm conditions, the calculated coolant temperature of the motor is found and used as an input temperature value of the desorption process. Due to the extra cooling capacity caused by subcooling, the COP values of the existing cooling system of the electric bus are achieved to increase to around 9 %
Estimating the Role of Globalization, Technological Development and Household Consumption on Ecological Footprint in Visegrad Countries
No full textEnvironmental quality is a crucial topic both for developed and developing countries. In particular, along with globalization, developing countries strive to catch up with developed countries. However, the globalization process in developing countries may also cause environmental effects. Hence, the current paper aims to analyze the impact of globalization, technological development (TD), and household consumption on the ecological footprint (EF) in Visegrad countries (V4), Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia over the period 1996-2021 through controlling economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. In order to achieve this aim, we perform the augment mean group (AMG) estimator that takes into consideration cross-sectional dependence (CSD). The empirical findings reveal that globalization, renewable energy consumption, and CO2 emissions significantly positively affect EF. However, economic growth (EG) has an insignificantly positive, and TD and household consumption have insignificantly negative impacts on EF in the whole panel. In addition, the country-specific results provide mixed results. For example, EG has a significantly positive effect on EF in Slovakia and Hungary and an insignificantly positive effect on EF in Poland and Czechia. Globalization significantly positively influences EF in Czechia and Slovakia and insignificantly positively affects EF in Poland and Hungary. Technological development (TD) has significantly negative effects on EF in Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia and positive effects in Hungary. Household consumption has a negative significant effect on EF in Hungary, an insignificant negative effect in Slovakia, and a positive insignificant effect in Poland and Czechia. Moreover, renewable energy consumption positively affects EF in Czechia and Hungary and has insignificantly positive effects in Poland and Slovakia. Finally, CO2 emission has a significantly positive influence on EF in Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia and an insignificantly positive influence in Hungary. Consequently, empirical findings can help policymakers develop new policies for combating environmental degradation by considering the role of globalization, technological improvement, and CO2 emissions
Ipoma batatas (sweet potato) leaf and leaf-based biochar as potential adsorbents for procion orange MX-2R removal from aqueous solution
No full textThe industrial sector of textile effluent discharge comprised majorly of toxic pollutants of synthetic dyes. Lignocellulosic based biomass is a potential precursor for the preparation of biochar type adsorbent for treating wastewater. The present research examined the leaf of Ipoma batatas in the synthesis and application of biochar in the adsorptive removal of procion orange MX-2R (PO) from aqueous solution. The Ipoma batatas biochar (IBB) was prepared from the treatment of Ipoma batatas leaf (IBL) biomass with CaCl2, further activation using microwave-assisted electromagnetic radiation and pyrolysis approach. The batch adsorption assessments of the process parameters were performed with the range of experimental conditions such as initial PO concentration of 1.0-70.0 mg/L, adsorption contact time up to 240 min, solution pH 1.0-11.0, IBL/IBB dosage 0.05-0.30 g/L and adsorption temperature of 303-333 K. The total surface area of IBB exhibited high value of 1175.47 m2/g compared to that of IBL surface area 439.25 m2/g. The equilibrium model analysis showed the adsorption capacity according to Liu model presents 221.20 mg/g (IBL) and 750.80 mg/g (IBB). This study showed the potential of IBB over IBL towards the adsorptive removal of PO from simulated solution
Temettü Getirisinin Hisse Senedi Fiyatına Yansıması Ampirik Bir Araştırma
No full textBu çalışma, BIST TEMETTÜ endeksinde yer alan şirketlerin hisse senedi fiyatlarını etkileyen faktörleri panel veri analizi yöntemi ile incelemektedir. Bu kapsamda, dağıtılan temettülerin hisse senedi fiyatları üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada 2009-2023 yılları arasında 20 şirketin yıllık verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, temettü getirisi, dağıtılmayan kârların oranı, özkaynak kârlılığı, toplam varlıklar ve vergi sonrası net kâr gibi değişkenlerin hisse senedi fiyatları üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, temettü getirisi (DY) ve dağıtılmayan kârların oranının (ER) hisse senedi fiyatları üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve negatif bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Buna karşın, özkaynak kârlılığı (ROE), toplam varlıklar (lnTA) ve vergi sonrası net kâr (lnNIAT) istatistiki olarak anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahiptir. Faiz (INT) ve enflasyon (INF) değişkenlerinin etkisi ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Bu bulgular, yatırımcıların temettü politikalarına duyarlılığını ve şirketlerin finansal performanslarının hisse senedi fiyatları üzerindeki önemli etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, yatırım kararlarının daha bilinçli alınmasına ve hisse senedi fiyatlarının belirleyicilerinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır
Delay of swept-wing transition using a surface hump
No full textThis work explores the use of a shallow surface hump for passive control and stabilisation of stationary crossflow (CF) instabilities. Wind tunnel experiments are conducted on a spanwise-invariant swept-wing model. The influence of the hump on the boundary layer stability and laminar-turbulent transition is assessed through infrared thermography and particle image velocimetry measurements. The results reveal a strong dependence of the stabilisation effect on the amplitude of the incoming CF disturbances, which is conditioned via discrete roughness elements at the wing leading edge. At a high forcing amplitude, weakly nonlinear stationary CF vortices interact with the hump and result in an abrupt anticipation of transition, essentially tripping the flow. In contrast, at a lower forcing amplitude, CF vortices interact with the hump during linear growth. Notable stabilisation of the primary CF disturbance and considerable transition delay with respect to the reference case (i.e. without hump) is then observed. The spatial region just downstream of the hump apex is shown to be key to the stabilisation mechanism. In this region, the primary CF disturbances rapidly change spanwise orientation and shape, possibly driven by the pressure gradient change-over caused by the hump and the development of CF reversal. The amplitude and shape deformation of the primary CF instabilities are found to contribute to a long-lasting suboptimal growth downstream of the hump, eventually leading to transition delay.European Research Council [803082]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) [1059B192100723]This project is financially supported by the European Research Council (starting grant no. 803082 'GloWing'). M. Soyler gratefully acknowledges the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkiye (TUBITAK) for their personal financial support (grant no. 1059B192100723) during his postdoctoral stay at TU Delft
Hybrid Deep Learning Framework for High-Accuracy Classification of Morphologically Similar Puffball Species Using CNN and Transformer Architectures
No full textPuffballs, a group of macrofungi belonging to the Basidiomycota, pose taxonomic challenges due to their convergent morphological features, including spherical basidiocarps and similar peridial structures, which often hinder accurate species-level identification. This study proposes a deep learning-based classification framework for eight ecologically and taxonomically important puffball species: Apioperdon pyriforme, Bovista plumbea, Bovistella utriformis, Lycoperdon echinatum, L. excipuliforme, L. molle, L. perlatum, and Mycenastrum corium. A balanced dataset of 1600 images (200 per species) was used, divided into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% testing. To enhance generalizability, images were augmented to simulate natural variability in orientation, lighting, and background. In this study, five different deep learning models (ConvNeXt-Base, Swin Transformer, ViT, MaxViT, EfficientNet-B3) were comparatively evaluated on a balanced dataset of eight puffball species. Among these, the ConvNeXt-Base model achieved the highest performance, with 95.41% accuracy, and proved especially effective in distinguishing morphologically similar species such as Mycenastrum corium and Lycoperdon excipuliforme. The findings demonstrate that deep learning models can serve as powerful tools for the accurate classification of visually similar fungal species. This technological approach shows promise for developing automated mushroom identification systems that support citizen science, amateur naturalists, and conservation professionals.TUBITAK Scientist Support Programmes Presidency [(B IDEB) 2211]This study is derived from Eda Kumru's master's thesis. It was supported within the scope of the TUBITAK Scientist Support Programmes Presidency (B IDEB) 2211-NationalGraduate Scholarship Programm
Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş İki Boyutlu Plakın Isıl Analizi
No full textOKÜBAP-2023-PT2-022A closed form solution of the heat transfer problem of a two-dimensional heterogeneous plate under steady state condition is discussed. It is assumed that the thermal conductivity of this plate, which is in steady state, varies exponentially in two directions. The analytical solution of the partial differential equation obtained under these conditions is obtained using the separation of variables method. Arbitrary functions given in boundary conditions are used to test the accuracy of the solution. The results are discussed on the graphs obtained according to different heat flux values.Kararlı durumdaki iki boyutlu heterojen bir plakanın ısı transferi probleminin kapalı form çözümü ele alınmıştır. Kararlı durumda olduğu düşünülen bu plakanın ısıl iletkenliğinin, iki yönde üstel olarak değiştiği varsayılmıştır. Bu koşullar altında elde edilen kısmi diferansiyel denklemin analitik çözümü, değişkenlerine ayırma yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Çözümün doğruluğunu test etmek için sınır koşullarında verilen keyfi fonksiyonlar kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, farklı ısı akı değerlerine göre elde edilen grafikler üzerinde tartışılmıştır