Södertörns högskolas Publications
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Marcuse, maskinen och människan : Hur den moderna tekniken intensifierar förnuftets instrumentalisering
No full textThis paper considers the way Herbert Marcuse’s re-formulation of the instrumental reason as a technical reason can be understood as an intensification or acceleration of some of the themes presented by Theodor W. Adorno and Max Horkheimer in The Dialectics of Enlightenment. By reading Marcuse´s The One-Dimensional Man in dialogue with Martin Heidegger’s The Question Concerning Technology, the paper explores a thesis that Marcuse draws on concepts from Heidegger, especially Ge-stell and Bestand, in his notion of the “technical reason” and “technological rationality” to think and think beyond modern technology. By positing modern technology as the focal point of the instrumentalization of reason, Marcuse sheds light of historical and contemporary problems with human thinking. The staging of this conversation with Marcuse and Heidegger that never really took place allows the paper to fully explore and understand Marcuse’s invoking of the aesthetical dimension, as well as his re-appropriation of Freudian terminology, as a model to re-establish negative thinking as a necessary counteraction to the one-dimensional positive thinking that is dominating private and public sphere
Organisk marknadsföring vs betald influencermarknadsföring inom sociala medier : En kvalitativ studie om konsumenternas uppfattning av organisk respektive betald influencermarknadsföring
No full textIn today's dynamic business environment, social media and digital marketing have become central components for companies' success and survival. With the rapid development in digital communication, marketing strategies have undergone significant changes. This study examines consumers' perceptions of organic marketing compared to paid influencer marketing on social media, as well as the effects these strategies have on consumer engagement and customer loyalty. The purpose of the study is to explore and compare organic marketing and paid influencer marketing on social media, with a focus on consumer perceptions. Thus, the research question is: How do consumers perceive organic marketing compared to paid influencer marketing on social media, and how do these strategies affect consumer engagement and customer loyalty? The central theories of the study are: The framework for organic marketing, The framework for the effect of OIM, Customer Relationship Management, Brand Trust and Parasocial Interaction.The investigation employs a qualitative research methodology with in-depth interviews as the data collection method. A total of eight in-depth interviews were conducted with consumers aged 18-25. The study is grounded in a theoretical framework and data collection that highlight how different marketing strategies not only affect consumer behaviors but also their perceptions of brand trust and engagement. The results show that organic marketing is perceived as more authentic and less intrusive, which strengthens consumer trust and creates long-term engagement. Paid influencer marketing, on the other hand, is effective in quickly generating attention and immediate engagement due to the influencers' credibility and relationships with their followers. The study emphasizes that a combination of these two strategies, focusing on authenticity and transparency, can be most effective in building strong and lasting customer relationships. In conclusion, the study's findings suggest that companies should use organic marketing to foster genuine relationships and influencer marketing to reach new audiences and increase visibilit
Victora Romana : The historiography of Roman victory during the Early Empire, from Augustus to Commodus
No full textThe essay examines the depictions of Roman victory, and the treatment of defeated foes, in Ancient historiography on the Principate, to determine the function served by such depictions. The victories are divided into several categories depending on the fate inflicted on the defeated, and using a theory inspired primarily by Christophe Bouton the examples are then classified according to which historiographical function the example serves, attempting to find a link between the type of victory and its depiction in the source material, and whether the historiographer simply described the events, explained them, or whether it prescribed – or proscribed – the actions of the Roman commander involved. The study further examines the potential impact of when the victory was achieved, by which commander, and against which enemy, and seeks to understand discrepancies between differing accounts of the same events, and what the effect of such differences are. The study finds that, contrary to earlier claims, Roman historiographers did sometimes find it necessary to explain – or even excuse – the harsh violence at times meted out to a defeated foe. It also identifies a change in how victories are depicted over the centuries, and finds a link – albeit faint – between the type of victory and the function served by its depictions. Additionally, it finds discrepancies between expected Roman mores and the promotion of acts contrary to Roman – and Mediterranean – law. Den här uppsatsen undersöker skildringar av romersk seger, och behandlingen av besegrade fiender, i antik historieskrivning om Principatet, för att bestämma sådana skildringars funktion. Segrarna är uppdelade i ett antal kategorier beroende på de besegrades öde, och genom en teori primärt inspirerad av Christophe Bouton klassificeras exemplen enligt vilken historiografisk funktion de tjänar, för att försöka finna en koppling mellan typen av seger och dess skildring i källmaterialet och huruvida historieskrivaren enbart beskriver händelserna, förklarar dem, eller vill se läsaren emulera – eller undvika – den inblandade romerska härförarens handlingar. Studien undersöker vidare den potentiella betydelsen av när segern vanns, av vilken härförare, och mot vilken fiende, och söker förstå diskrepanser mellan olika skildringar av samma händelser, och vilken effekt dessa skillnader har. Studien finner att romerska historieskrivare, i motsats till vad som tidigare hävdats – stundtals fann det nödvändigt att förklara – och ibland rättfärdiga – the brutala våld som drabbade en besegrad fiende. Den identifierar också en förändring i hur segrar skildras över seklen, och finner en koppling – om en svag – mellan typen av seger och funktionen skildringen av denna tjänar. Vidare identifierar den diskrepanser mellan väntade Romerska värderingar och uppmaningar till handlingar i motsats till romersk och regional lag.
Large language model displays emergent ability to interpret novel literary metaphors
No full textDespite the exceptional performance of large language models (LLMs) on a wide range of tasks involving natural language processing and reasoning, there has been sharp disagreement as to whether their abilities extend to more creative human abilities. A core example is the interpretation of novel metaphors. Here we assessed the ability of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art large language model, to provide natural-language interpretations of a recent AI benchmark (Fig-QA dataset), novel literary metaphors drawn from Serbian poetry and translated into English, and entire novel English poems. GPT-4 outperformed previous AI models on the Fig-QA dataset. For metaphors drawn from Serbian poetry, human judges – blind to the fact that an AI model was involved – rated metaphor interpretations generated by GPT-4 as superior to those provided by a group of college students. In interpreting reversed metaphors, GPT-4, as well as humans, exhibited signs of sensitivity to the Gricean cooperative principle. In addition, for several novel English poems GPT-4 produced interpretations that were rated as excellent or good by a human literary critic. These results indicate that LLMs such as GPT-4 have acquired an emergent ability to interpret literary metaphors, including those embedded in novel poems
Efterlevnad av redovisningsstandarden IAS 36 punkt 134 : En djupdykning i telekombranschen 2022
No full textFor nearly two decades, the new disclosure requirements for accounting for goodwill have been in place in an effort to harmonize the financial market. This study specifically investigates the loosely defined disclosure requirements regarding goodwill impairment, a balance sheet post, that historically has not always been accounted for properly; as seen in previous studies. By focusing on the telecommunications industry, where goodwill traditionally has always been high, this study aims to shed light on how well the publicly traded companies follow the disclosure requirements that are set by IAS 36 item 134. The underlying reason why IAS 36 replaced the previous regulations where to harmonize the market and to make accounting more fair and accurate. Previous studies have shown that compliancy of the impairment tests has gradually improved, but the issue remains that companies often do not provide all the necessary information required when an impairment occurs. The purpose of the study was to investigate how well companies in the telecommunications industry adhere to the established requirements. Based on previous research, we further investigate whether factors such as debt ratio and goodwill value can explain why some companies are better at complying with IAS 36 than others. Two chi-squared tests were conducted based on the two established variables, which were then compared to previous studies. The results of this study differs from the previous research and indicate that there's a need for more awareness and that improved compliancy for IAS 36 is needed to ensure a correct and transparent accounting of goodwill
Can the Structuralist Subject Dance? : Trisha Brown, Gilles Deleuze, and the performative structure-object
No full textThis article argues that a series of dances made by choreographer and dancer Trisha Brown between 1971 and 1975 using accumulation can be understood as performative structure-objects. This is a form of art that paved the way for two current tendencies in art and dance: the generalization of dance into art and the development of the role of the dancer as artist. The concept of the performative structure-object unfolds in the article through a close analysis of Brown’s dances in dialogue with the concept of structure found in Gilles Deleuze’s essay “How Do We Recognize Structuralism?” (1967). His article emphasizes a concept of structure understood as both subject and object, as well as a site of practice. While research has been undertaken in dance studies on Brown and the importance of structures in her work, this article expands this research by reconstructing a philosophical concept of structure in her work that has not yet been explored.
Youth Behind Bars: A New Era in Sweden's Criminal Justice Policy : A Critical Discourse Analysis of the State's Public Inquiry on Custodial Sentences for Young People
No full textDenna studie analyserade diskurser om rättvisa och säkerhet i SOU 2023:44 om alternativa frihetsberövande påföljder för unga lagöverträdare, samt de straffrättsliga resonemang som präglade utredningens förslag. Genom Foucaults teorier om övervakning och disciplin, kritisk marxistisk teori och Beckers stämplingsteori användes en kritisk diskursanalys med Faircloughs tredimensionella modell. Syftet var att identifiera språkliga strategier och narrativ i diskussioner om ungdomsbrottslighet och förslagen om ungdomsfängelser, för att förstå synen på unga lagöverträdare. Tre huvudsakliga diskurser identifierades: kontroll- och säkerhetsdiskursen, rättighetsdiskursen och rehabiliteringsdiskursen. Dessa motiverade en övergång till strängare kriminalpolitik för samhällsskydd och återställande av ordning och säkerhet. Utredningens förslag placerade Sverige i en mittpunkt mellan hårdare straff och preventiva insatser, med en ambivalent skildring av unga lagöverträdare som både offer och farliga individer där diskurserna innehöll både restriktiva och progressiva inslag. Slutsatserna betonade behovet av stöd och rehabilitering för att bryta kriminalitet, samtidigt som det speglade en övergång från tidigare rehabiliteringsinriktade policyer till strängare straffrättsliga åtgärder.This study analyzed discourses on justice and security in SOU 2023:44 regarding alternative custodial sanctions for young offenders, as well as the criminal justice reasoning underlying the report's proposals. Using Foucault's theories on surveillance and discipline, critical Marxist theory, and Becker's labeling theory, a critical discourse analysis was conducted with Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The aim was to identify linguistic strategies and narratives in discussions about juvenile delinquency and the proposals for youth prisons, to understand the perception of young offenders. Three main discourses were identified: the control and security discourse, the rights discourse, and the rehabilitation discourse. These motivated a shift towards stricter criminal policies for the protection of society and the restoration of order and security. The report's proposals positioned Sweden at a midpoint between harsher penalties and preventive measures, with an ambivalent depiction of young offenders as both victims and dangerous individuals, where the discourses contained both restrictive and progressive elements. The conclusions emphasized the need for support and rehabilitation to break the cycle of crime, while simultaneously reflecting a shift from previously rehabilitation focused policies to stricter criminal justice measures
"I am here" : the collective experience, impacts and sense-making from a shared Summer School experience
No full textThis paper aims to offer a practice-inspired contribution to participatory research by describing and analyzing a particular experience lived in Porto – FPCEUP – at the EERA Summer School. Being a group of two tutors and six doctoral students, we depict some of the impacts the week had on all participants while sharing and reflecting on the place of participatory research in both the individual projects and the collective learning experience. The specificity of this group was the mobilization of ABR methodologies to start a reflexive dialogue on the transitioning process from doctoral student to researcher. Inspired by Photovoice (Wang & Burris, 1997) and Image Theatre (Boal, 2002) to attend to the multiplicity of visions, voices, and experiences in the room, we tried to foster a safe and creative space of collaboration where thoughts and feelings could be collectively experienced and reflected on. The use of Arts-Based Research, the rapid growth of trust within the group, and the agency that was felt and taken by the group’s participants are the main themes targeted in our analysis, which were at the heart of the unexpected and surprising way the week unfolded