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Interactive Effects of Warming and Competition Do Not Limit the Adaptive Plastic Response to Drought in Populations of a Mediterranean Plant
No full textThis work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MultiAdaptS3, PID2021-126103NB-I00), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (GYPSEVOL, CGL2016-75566-P), and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (C1PREDOC2020).Water scarcity is the main selective pressure determining the performance of Mediterranean plant populations, with climate change predicted to increase the intensity and duration of droughts. However, drought rarely acts in isolation. Climate change also involves substantial warming in this region and may disrupt natural processes, including biotic interactions. Phenotypic plasticity allows plants to cope with rapid and multifaceted environmental changes. Although our knowledge of plastic responses to drought in Mediterranean plants has increased in recent years, how co-occurring simultaneous stressors interact to produce additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects that enhance or constrain adaptive plastic responses to drought is still unknown. Using a factorial experimental approach based on a multivariate common garden, we assessed whether adaptive phenotypic plasticity to drought and population differentiation in traits related to drought response were affected by the occurrence of other key simultaneous stressors, warming and intraspecific competition, in a Mediterranean gypsum endemic shrub. In response to drought, plants expressed adaptive plastic responses associated with a mixed resource-use strategy, combining conservative (sclerophyllous leaves with higher water use efficiency) and acquisitive (advanced phenology) phenotypic responses. Although the response to drought was modified by synergistic and antagonistic interactions with warming and competition, these interactions did not change the direction or reduce the extent of adaptive plasticity to drought. This suggests that plastic responses to drought may also provide benefits against warming and competition. Finally, we detected significant population differentiation in all functional traits, but phenotypic differences in reproductive biomass were significantly reduced under combined drought and warming. Our results emphasize the robustness of adaptive plasticity to drought under complex stress scenarios and underscore the importance of realistic, multifactorial experimental approaches to predict whether adaptive responses of plant populations will remain effective in a climate change context and influence their future ecological and evolutionary dynamics
Pleural Empyema in Spain (2016–2022): A Nationwide Study on Trends in Hospitalizations, Mortality, and Impact of Comorbidities
No full textBackground: Pleural empyema (PE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized for
PE in Spain between 2016 and 2022. Methods: This retrospective observational study of PE
cases was based on the hospital discharge records from the National Health System between
2016 and 2022. The variables analyzed were sex, age, comorbidities, discharge diagnoses
and procedures, overall severity, whether empyema was a primary or secondary diagnosis,
admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), length of stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, and
healthcare costs. Results: Between 2016 and 2022, 19864 PE cases were diagnosed in Spain,
revealing an overall rate of 0.64 per 1000 hospitalizations, with the exception of a slight
decline in 2021. The mean age of the patients with PE was 61 years, and 73.85% were
men. Most patients had low comorbidities, with a median Charlson comorbidity index
(CCI) of 1.7. Most cases (63%) involved secondary diagnoses (pneumonia, pneumococcal
pneumonia, sepsis, COVID, or lung cancer). The in-hospital mortality rate was higher
in the secondary diagnosis group than in the primary diagnosis group (13.4% vs. 6.2%,
respectively, p < 0.001). The factors associated with increased mortality included older age
(≥66 years), higher CCI scores, ICU admission, and shorter LOS (<10 days). Conversely,
pleural drainage and pneumonia as secondary diagnoses were protective factors. Conclusions:
PE is an increasingly common pathology in clinical practice, especially in older and
frail patients. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and its prognosis worsens
with age and comorbidities. Therefore, early and appropriate diagnosis and standardized
management strategies are required to mitigate the mortality and healthcare costs
Resistencia al cambio hacia la Ciencia Abierta
No full textEste curso ha sido financiado por la Convocatoria María de Guzmán para la Promoción de la Excelencia en la Investigación Científica, dentro de su Línea 2 de apoyo a la Ciencia Abierta, que tiene como objetivo reforzar las infraestructuras digitales institucionales y fomentar la interoperabilidad y el Acceso Abierto al conocimiento científico
Sostenibilidad de las film commissions. Análisis de medidas medioambientales, económicas y sociales para una producción audiovisual sostenible
No full textLas film commissions incorporan directrices de sostenibilidad en la producción de cine y televisión. Como organizaciones que gestionan localizaciones de rodaje y conectan la industria audiovisual con el turismo y el patrimonio cultural, las film commissions ofrecen servicios audiovisuales para producir obras que cumplan con criterios de sostenibilidad en sus tres dimensiones: medioambiental, social y económica. Este estudio analiza los objetivos, indicadores, iniciativas y recursos de las film commissions españolas en materia de desarrollo sostenible. Estas acciones incluyen directrices y recomendaciones, catálogos de buenas prácticas, calculadoras de huella de carbono, acciones formativas, labores de comunicación y difusión y formación para diferentes profesionales del sector audiovisual. Los principales resultados y conclusiones confirman que, a pesar de ciertos avances, es necesario seguir avanzando en materia de legislación, estandarización de criterios de sostenibilidad, apoyo financiero a las producciones sostenibles y, sobre todo, transferencia de conocimientos y habilidades para los profesionales del futuro
Búsqueda de referencias científicas: exploración activa con bases de datos académicas y herramientas de inteligencia artificial
No full textEste taller introduce al alumnado en el uso combinado de bases de datos científicas tradicionales (Web of Science) y herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial (Consensus y Connected Papers) para la búsqueda de literatura científica relevante. En el marco del aprendizaje basado en la investigación, los estudiantes exploran el concepto de sostenibilidad en sistemas agropecuarios mediante la identificación, análisis y comparación de referencias científicas. La actividad culmina con la entrega de un listado de referencias en formato APA y una reflexión crítica sobre las ventajas y limitaciones de cada herramienta utilizada. Además, se aplica una encuesta de valoración para evaluar el impacto de la actividad en el desarrollo de competencias informacionales y digitales
Name Change Policies for Trans, Non-Binary and Intersex Students: Challenges Facing Spanish University Administration
No full textAnálisis de un protocolo de cambio de nombre de la URJCSpanish Universities are currently applying different protocols designed to facilitate name and/or gender changes in the documentation of trans, nonbinary, and intersex individuals in their education communities in compliance with the legislation in force. These policies aim to address the discrimination experienced by these people in everyday life, guaranteeing certain rights in the university context. This study evaluates the implementation of one of these protocols in a public university from the perspective of the technical and administrative personnel responsible for its application. Semistructured interviews were conducted with the university staff responsible for implementing the protocol in a variety of university departments. Thematic coding was used to analyze the data in order to identify the key problems and the patterns related to its operation and impact.
The results revealed important challenges in the implementation of the university protocol, including confusions about the process, inconsistent application between departments, technical limitations, and a general lack of knowledge about the reality of the lives of trans, nonbinary, and intersex individuals. Protocols like the one studied represent an advance towards inclusion, but their effectiveness is limited by administrative, technical, and training barriers. Improvements in these areas are fundamental if regulations of this type are to be more than merely a façade. Universities need to prioritize a culture change that goes beyond complying with legislation or wishing to have a good reputation. A more comprehensive strategy could guarantee university involvement in the rights of trans, nonbinary, and intersex individual
La Dismenorrea primaria, experiencias de las mujeres que la padecen
No full textTesis Doctoral leída en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid en 2025.
Directores:
Ana Isabel de la Llave RincónLa dismenorrea primaria (DP) tiene un gran impacto en la vida de las mujeres,
especialmente entre las más jóvenes, quienes se ausentan del colegio o del trabajo
debido a los períodos menstruales dolorosos. Cómo manejan la dismenorrea primaria
las mujeres y cuál es su experiencia son cuestiones que se han explorado hasta cierto
punto, sin embargo, la evidencia no se ha cotejado de forma sistemática ni se ha
revisado para permitir a los profesionales sanitarios comprender mejor las experiencias
y percepciones de las mujeres acerca de la DP ni todas las posibilidades de tratamientos
que puedan estar a su alcance. Por tanto, el objetivo ha sido sintetizar la evidencia
cualitativa relacionada con las experiencias de las mujeres con la DP y los síntomas
asociados e identificar los tratamientos de fisioterapia que existen para el abordaje de
la dismenorrea primaria. Para este propósito se han revisado siete bases de datos en
busca de artículos relevantes (Ovid MEDLINE®, PubMed, Embase, APA Psycinfo, Web of
Science, CINAHL and OpenGrey). Se incluyeron todas aquellas publicaciones que
investigaron las experiencias de las mujeres con la DP y los artículos que evaluaban los
tratamientos de fisioterapia para la DP. Además, se ha utilizado la herramienta CASPe
(Programa de Habilidades en Lectura Crítica en español) para estudios cualitativos con
el objetivo de realizar un análisis crítico de los estudios y su calidad. Se ha desarrollado
una plantilla para la extracción de datos utilizando las bases propuestas por JBI (Joanna
Briggs Institute) y se ha usado la meta-agregación o el meta-análisis cualitativo como
perspectiva principal de análisis y síntesis de los resultados de los estudios incluidos.
Entre los resultados de este estudio se identificaron los tipos de intervención de
fisioterapia enfocada en la DP y su efectividad, además de cinco temas que conformaron
el análisis cualitativo: experimentando dolor y síntomas asociados, la dimensión
psicológica de la dismenorrea primaria, conocimiento y apoyo, el día a día de vivir con
la dismenorrea primaria y estrategias de afrontamiento. Se ha concluido que los tabús y
las creencias profundamente arraigadas acerca de la menstruación pueden derivar
potencialmente en desigualdades de género; por ello, es necesario que se tengan en
cuenta las preocupaciones comunes entre las mujeres y sus experiencias con la DP. En
consecuencia, se necesitan protocolos de entrenamiento y tratamiento para que
dispongan de ellos los profesionales sanitarios. Finalmente, las futuras investigaciones
deberían centrarse en el desarrollo y el ensayo de protocolos de diagnóstico, distintos
tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos y la percepción de los hombres acerca
de la menstruación en las mujeres que les rodea
Monitorización de las hormonas sexuales femeninas y recomendaciones de entrenamiento saludable
No full textLenguajes de programación visual y creatividad computacional desde las Bellas Artes
No full textDesde el surgimiento de las computadoras hemos asistido a la aparición de numerosas tendencias artísticas como pueden ser la Computer Art, Net Art o las prácticas de Live Coding. Desde ámbito de las Bellas Artes observamos cómo estas dinámicas de producción artística reflejan la potencia y versatilidad del trabajo con lenguajes de programación. Estas prácticas no solo han transformado la manera en la que se crea y se percibe el arte, sino que también han abierto un diálogo sobre la relación entre tecnología y creatividad además de poner el foco de atención en metodologías que emergen en la era digital. Este trabajo abordará el impacto de estas tendencias y su evolución en la práctica artística contemporánea a través de algunos ejemplos prácticos. Se destacarán los lenguajes de programación visual (VPL) actuales como medio fundamental en el futuro de las nuevas generaciones de artistas. La observación de producciones artísticas del ámbito profesional, servirán como soporte conceptual de base para esta investigación. En este sentido, este estudio sostiene que los principios sobre los que deben formarse el alumnado de la nueva generación artística deben suponer el foco principal de la sociedad digital
IMPROVING STUDENTS HANDS-ON LABORATORY SKILLS THROUGH FLIPPED VIDEO LEARNING
No full textUniversities shape students beyond academics, fostering essential skills, work habits, and character traits.
However, STEM graduates often lack these transversal competencies. A student-centred approach is
proposed to align education with labour market needs, enhancing experience and social equity.
The flipped classroom with instructional videos enhances concept comprehension and key competencies,
including technological skills. It fosters critical thinking, creativity and collaboration at laboratory, while
reducing presentation stress. Technological accessibility has expanded video use, improving
interdisciplinary learning in STEM fields. Studies highlight better preparation and understanding of
chemical processes through this approach.
This study is developed in the first course of Biology Degree at the laboratories of Chemistry, part of the
School of Experimental Sciences and Technology at Rey Juan Carlos University. Formative activity of
laboratory practices is established through flipped classrooms using instructional videos. The proposed
activity is included in a project to study both the students' results in the laboratory formative activity and
their perception of the methodology through collected surveys, before and after the practices
development. Surveys are conducted to assess prior knowledge of the methodology and student
expectations, as well as final satisfaction after completing the activity. Student participation is voluntary,
with consent obtained and coordinated with the approval of the University Ethics Committee.
Regarding the results of the initial survey, students' perceptions scored above 4 points on a 5-point
Likert scale. These data reflect a high level of engagement with the activity, demonstrating interest in
analysing and synthesizing information to connect ideas and concepts related to the subject. Likewise,
students emphasized the importance of understanding the course evaluation structure and positively
valued their expectations regarding innovative group activities aimed at fostering their learning.
Considering the values from the final survey, the highest scores obtained, indicated that this activity
contributed to improving students' understanding of the content, even when conducted collaboratively
with classmates.
The grades obtained by students were compared with those from the previous course, in which the
video-based learning activity was not implemented. The participants achieved medium-to-high grades
with the implementation of the activity, compared to lower grades in the previous course. The
improvement in grades increased by 10%, with the implementation of the teaching innovation activity.
Therefore, adjustments in the methodology resulted in a favourable evaluation system that improved
the teaching-learning process outcomes, indicating strong student acceptance and interest in the
activity