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Entre la écfrasis nobiliaria y la hipotiposis del individuo finisecular: José Álvarez de Toledo y la fabricación de su identidad visual.
No full textEste estudio ha sido realizado en el marco de los proyectos De Fajardo a Toledo: el marquesado de los Vélez en el siglo XVIII. Relaciones familiares y dominio señorial en el sureste español (1691- 1814), financiado por la Fundación Séneca. Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (21883/PI/22) y Conflictos Intergeneracionales y Procesos de Civilización desde la Juventud en los Escenarios Ibéricos del Antiguo Régimen, referencia [(Fam&Civ) PID2020-113012GB-I00; MINECO, 2021-25].José Álvarez de Toledo, XI marqués de Villafranca y Grande de España de primera clase, contrajo matrimonio con la XIII duquesa de Alba en 1775. A pesar de ser una figura preeminente de la Corte y encarnar el paradigma de noble ilustrado finisecular, continúa siendo a día de hoy una figura poco estudiada por los historiadores y la crítica. Así, el objetivo de este estudio es elucidar su identidad a partir de los artefactos pictóricos creados por grandes artistas de finales del siglo XVIII que colaboraron en la creación de su identidad y su discurso visual, entre lo nobiliario y lo individual
Guía de estudio en abierto de Historia del Arte Antiguo y Medieval. Grado en Historia
No full textLa Historia del Arte Antiguo y Medieval constituye un ámbito de estudio cuya densidad conceptual y riqueza documental no ha cesado de expandirse desde los albores de la modernidad académica. A lo largo de los últimos tres siglos, los investigadores han articulado una disciplina capaz de integrar, en un mismo horizonte analítico, tanto los testimonios escritos que han llegado hasta nosotros como las innumerables evidencias materiales preservadas en museos, colecciones, yacimientos arqueológicos y enclaves monumentales repartidos por la geografía de Occidente y amplias áreas de Oriente. Sobre este vasto entramado de fuentes, las generaciones de historiadores del arte han trazado un mapa estilístico y cronológico que, aun con sus límites y convenciones, ha permitido ordenar y comprender un legado cultural cuya amplitud y complejidad desafían cualquier aproximación superficial
Apuntes de Química Orgánica II
No full textApuntes de la asignatura de Química Orgánica II. Se incluyen transcripciones y material interactivo H5P creado específicamente para su uso en Moodle (entre los que destaca una visita virtual al laboratorio de prácticas)
Effects of a pain oriented biobehavioral therapeutic education program on brain plasticity and pain intensity in subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a feasibility study of a randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Chronic pain significantly impacts the physical, emotional, and social wellbeing of individuals. Despite advances in treatments, chronic pain prevalence continues to rise, emphasizing the need for comprehensive therapeutic approaches.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of a one-month Pain Oriented Biobehavioral Therapeutic Education (POBTE) program on clinical outcomes for chronic primary musculoskeletal pain.
Methods: In a single-blind feasibility pilot of a randomized controlled trial, 16 participants were assigned to an intervention group receiving POBTE education and exercise (n = 8) or a control group (n = 8) participating in exercise only. Primary outcomes were pain intensity, measured by the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) plasma levels.
Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in BDNF levels from a mean of 2.174 at baseline to 3.063 at the end of treatment (p = 0.001, r = 0.63), with a non-significant reduction in pain intensity. Secondary outcomes, including anxiety, sleep quality, and physical activity, improved significantly. The results, however, should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size.
Conclusion: The POBTE program appears feasible and acceptable, showing preliminary signals consistent with potential improvements in several clinical variables related to chronic pain management. These exploratory findings support the need for larger-scale, adequately powered trials
Morphogenesis of Human Scalene Muscles Between Weeks 6 and 13 of Development: Anatomical Aspects and Clinical‑Functional Relevance
No full textThe scalene muscles represent a crucial muscle group in cervical anatomy, with significant clinical and functional implications.
Despite their importance, studies on their embryonic and fetal development remain scarce. This study examined the
morphogenesis of the scalene muscles bilaterally in 33 developing human specimens [66 sides from 12 embryos (Weeks 6–8)
and 21 fetuses (Weeks 9–13)] using serial histological sections and conventional light microscopy. The scalene blastema appeared
during Week 6 of development, comprising myoblasts, mesenchymal cells, and collagen fibers, and was surrounded
by fibroblast-like
cells and collagen fibers. The ventral rami of spinal nerves forming the brachial plexus, along with the
subclavian artery, divided this blastema into two components: a medial portion (scalenus anterior muscle primordium),
pierced by the phrenic nerve, and a lateral portion (scalenus medius muscle primordium), pierced by the dorsal scapular
nerve and the branches forming the long thoracic nerve. The scalene triangle, through which these neurovascular elements
pass, formed between the scalenus anterior and medius primordia. The scalenus minimus muscle was identified in 7 of 66
sides (10.6%). Our findings suggest that the scalene blastema originates from both hypaxial myotomes and sclerotomes of
the cervical somites. The developmental relationship between the scalene blastema and adjacent neurovascular structures
may help explain anatomical variations in this region with clinical significance. Furthermore, the insertion of the scalenus
anterior muscle into the parietal pleura via the suprapleural membrane primordium provides new insight into its functional
role in respiratory mechanics
The challenge of new gatekeepers for public relations. A comparative analysis of the role of social media influencers for European and Latin American professionals
No full textSocial media influencers (SMIs) have become a primary stakeholder group for communication professionals. However, this phenomenon still lacks a coherent body of theory and significant gaps exist in knowledge of how organisations perceive and identify them in the context of public relations, specially through empirical and cross-cultural studies. This comparative research includes European (n = 2710) and Latin American (n = 914) professionals working on different hierarchical levels, both in communication departments and agencies. Despite the massive implementation of social media channels, only a minority of Latin American and European professionals use specific strategies to identify and engage with SMIs. Practitioners prefer traditional identification indicators: personal reputation, the relevance of topics covered, and the quality of the content shared online
Laboratorio fluvial: Implementación de un taller de Hidrología Superficial Aplicada en el Grado de Recusos Hídricos (Ciencia y Tecnología del Agua)
No full textEsta contribución presenta una experiencia docente en la asignatura de Hidrología Superficial dentro del grado en Recursos Hídricos de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Se integró en el currículo una mesa simuladora fluvial de bajo coste construida por los estudiantes, con el objetivo de fomentar el aprendizaje activo y mejorar la comprensión conceptual de la dinámica fluvial. El taller se estructuró en torno a cuatro escenarios experimentales, que permitieron a los estudiantes explorar la evolución de los canales y los procesos geomorfológicos mediante la indagación práctica. La actividad finalizó con presentaciones grupales y evaluación entre pares, promoviendo el aprendizaje colaborativo y el pensamiento crítico. Una encuesta posterior a la actividad reveló altos niveles de participación y satisfacción estudiantil, con un fuerte respaldo para el uso continuado de esta herramienta en futuros cursos
Jornadas Derechos Humanos e Inteligencia Artificial : una aproximación jurídica multidisciplinar : 28 y 29 de octubre de 2025
No full textPresentamos con estas breves palabras las Actas de las Jornadas Derechos humanos e inteligencia artificial: una aproximación multidisciplinar celebradas en los pasados días 28 y 29 de octubre. En las siguientes páginas recogemos los contenidos principales de las ponencias siguiendo el orden del programa de las mismas. En ellas los autores se responsabilizan de manera individual del contenido de sus palabras.
Las Jornadas se han celebrado en el marco de las Ayudas a Congresos, Jornadas y Seminarios 2025 del Vicerrectorado de Comunidad, Campus, Cultura y Deporte de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. En el desarrollo de las actividades propias del Grupo de Investigación, Derechos Humanos e Inteligencia Artificial (IAIURIS) de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos y con el respaldo del Instituto de Estudios Jurídicos Internacionales, Conde de Aranda.
Martes 28 de octubre
AURELIO DE PRADA GARCÍA, UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS
"Justicia en plazo, sin dilaciones, e inteligencia artificial: Algunas propuestas"
FERNANDO GIL GONZÁLEZ, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
“Geopolítica, gobernanza e Inteligencia Artificial”
MARÍA C. RAYÓN BALLESTEROS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
“Inteligencia Artificial y Robotización en la Administración de Justicia: la afectación de los Derechos Humanos y garantías procesales”
ALEJANDRO ROSILLO FREIRE, Universidad Europea
“Impacto de la I.A. en el ámbito de la propiedad intelectual, tensiones y desafíos”
IRENE RUFO RUBIO, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
"¿Derecho fundamental a la identidad digital?"
JOSÉ FRANCO-CHASÁN, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
“Filosofía del Derecho, derechos fundamentales e Inteligencia Artificial: hacia una fundamentación tríada”
LEYRE SÁENZ DE PIPAÓN DEL ROSAL, CUNEF
“Inteligencia Artificial y Derecho Penal: retos actuales”
Mª ÁNGELES CANO LINARES, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
“El convenio marco del Consejo de Europa sobre I.A., Derechos Humanos, Democracia y Estado de Derecho”
Martes 29 de octubre
CRISTINA DOMINGO JARAMILLO, Universidad de Granada
"La biometría y su impacto en la protección de datos de carácter personal"
IRENE CERRILLO TORQUEMADA, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya
"Abogacía e Inteligencia Artificial. Oportunidades y desafíos para la profesión"
ANA I. CARRERAS, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
“Derechos humanos y la inteligencia artificial: más allá de la obviedad”
JUAN EMILIO SUÑÉ CANO, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
“La propiedad intelectual e industrial
Outcomes and predictors of mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 and COPD admitted to ICU: A multicenter study
No full textBackground
High mortality rates among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) during the COVID-19 pandemic highlight the need for tailored clinical management strategies.
Study Design and Methods
Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in REDCap for 6512 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 55 Spanish ICUs. Patients were stratified into three groups: those with COPD, those with other chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), and those without respiratory comorbidities (No CRD). The primary outcome was to determine clinical predictors for 90-day mortality, focusing on the COPD group. A propensity score matching (PSM) method was applied to analyze the effects of respiratory support, biomarkers, and immunomarkers.
Results
Patients with COPD (n = 328) exhibited a 50% mortality rate compared to 33% of those with other chronic respiratory diseases (CRD, n = 547), and those without respiratory comorbidities (No CRD, n = 5124). Among COPD patients, 95% of whom had Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19, the use of a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) was associated with reduced 90-day mortality (hazard ratio: 0.54 (95% Confidence Interval [0.31–0.95]). At a molecular scale, lower IgG levels but higher viral load and TNF-alpha, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and Fas Cell Surface Death Receptor (Fas) were associated with mortality in the COPD group.
Conclusions
In COPD patients with ARDS due to COVID-19, the use of HFNC was associated with a better prognosis. The dysregulation in biomarkers and immunomarkers in COPD patients and its association with mortality highlight the need for further targeted therapeutic strategies
Shedding of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 by zoo animals, and report of an unstable metronidazole-resistant isolate from a zebra foal (Equus quagga burchellii)
No full textClostridium difficile is an emerging and potentially zoonotic pathogen, but its prevalence in most animal species, including exhibition animals, is currently unknown. In this study we assessed the prevalence of faecal shedding of C difficile by zoo animals, and determined the ribotype, toxin profile and antimicrobial susceptibility of recovered isolates. A total of 200 samples from 40 animal species (36.5% of which came from plains zebra, Equus quagga burchellii) were analysed. C. difficile was isolated from 7 samples (3.5% of total), which came from the following animal species: chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes), dwarf goat (Capra hircus), and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica), with one positive sample each; and plains zebra, with 4 positive samples from 3 different individuals. Most recovered isolates (4/7, 57.1%) belonged to the epidemic PCR ribotype 078, produced toxins A and B, and had the genes encoding binary toxin (i.e. A(+)B(+)CDT(+) isolates). The remaining three isolates belonged to PCR ribotypes 039 (A(+)B(+)CDT(-)), 042 (A(+)B(+)CDT(-)) and 110 (A(-)B(+)CDT(-)). Regardless of their ribotype, all isolates displayed high-level resistance to the fluoroguinolones ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and levofloxacin. Some isolates were also resistant to meropenem and/or ertapenem. A ribotype 078 isolate recovered from a male zebra foal initially showed in vitro resistance to metronidazole (MIC >= 256 mu g/m1), but lost that trait after subculturing on non-selective media. We conclude that zoo animals belonging to different species can carry ribotype 078 and other toxigenic strains of C difficile showing resistance to antimicrobial compounds commonly used in veterinary and/ or human medicine. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved