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Doce ou salgado : Pode a música afetar as escolhas alimentares entre o saudável e o não saudável?
No full textA maioria das refeições acontece em contextos com diferentes estímulos sonoros. Por esse
motivo, a investigação tem tentado compreender o potencial impacto de certos estímulos
auditivos como a música na perceção e aceitação de produtos alimentares. Com base nas
crossmodal correspondences, sabe-se que as pessoas são capazes de associar certas músicas a
certos sabores e que isso pode influenciar a perceção dos alimentos. Mas não se sabe o que
poderá acontecer no plano das escolhas. Nesta investigação recorremos ao conceito de
crossmodal correspondences para compreender se a exposição a música “doce” (vs. música
“salgada”) aumenta a probabilidade de escolha de alimentos doces (vs. salgados) e se esta
escolha se verifica tanto para alimentos saudáveis como para não saudáveis. Participaram neste
estudo 106 pessoas (97 do género feminino; oito do género masculino e um do género não-
binário) com idades compreendidas entre os 17 e 56 anos (M = 21.5; DP = 7.97 anos). Estes
observaram um conjunto de imagens e selecionaram a sua preferência enquanto escutavam com
auscultadores música doce e salgada (desenho experimental intra-participantes). Os resultados
demonstraram que a música teve efeito nas escolhas dos alimentos. Enquanto a maioria dos
indivíduos manifestou preferência pelos alimentos doces saudáveis, na condição de música
salgada, a proporção da escolha das imagens de alimentos salgados aumentou em relação à
música doce. De facto, a música tem efeito nas escolhas, porém outros fatores, como o sabor,
podem ter um impacto mais decisivo nas escolhas alimentares.Most meals are consumed in contexts with diverse sound stimuli. Therefore, research has
sought to understand the potential impact of certain auditory stimuli, such as music, on the
perception and acceptance of food products. Based on crossmodal correspondences, it is known
that people are able to associate certain music with certain flavors, and this can influence food
perception. However, what might happen at the food choice level is unknown. In this research,
we use the concept of crossmodal correspondences to understand whether exposure to "sweet"
music (vs. "salty" music) increases the likelihood of choosing sweet (vs. salty) foods and
whether this choice holds true for both healthy and unhealthy foods. A total of 106 people (97
female, eight male, and one non-binary) aged between 17 and 56 (M = 21.5; SD = 7.97 years)
participated in this study. They observed a set of images and selected their preference while
listening to sweet and salty music with headphones (intra-participant experimental design)..
The results showed that music had an effect on food choices. While most individuals expressed
a preference for healthy sweet foods, in the savory music condition, the proportion of people
choosing images of salty foods increased compared to sweet music. Music does indeed affect
choices, but other factors, such as taste, may have a more decisive impact on food choices
A influência do Instagram na comparação e na autoestima : Uma análise dos fatores de partilha e validação social
No full textA sociedade contemporânea apresenta comportamentos diretamente orientados para a
comparação social devido o crescente uso das redes sociais. Estudar a relação entre essas
variáveis torna-se pertinente à medida que a comparação social é considerada um fenómeno
coletivo da vida social, em que os indivíduos buscam uma alta socialização e aceitação. O
problema a que nos propusemos responder é: como a utilização do Instagram impacta a
comparação social e a autoestima dos usuários, considerando os fatores de partilha de conteúdo
e a busca por validação social? E com isso, analisar de que forma o uso do Instagram influencia
os processos de comparação social e autoestima dos utilizadores, com especial atenção aos
fatores de partilha de conteúdos e aos mecanismos de validação social. Tudo por intermédio do
método qualitativo exploratório, com entrevistas. qualitativas em profundidade, análise de conteúdos e
fundamentação teórica, facto que nos permitiu verificar que o grau de orientação para a
comparação social mediante o uso do Instagram influencia a autoestima das pessoas, por meio
da análise dos fatores de partilha e validação social.Contemporary society presents behaviors directly oriented towards social comparison due to
the increasing use of social networks. Studying the relationship between these variables
becomes relevant as social comparison is considered a collective phenomenon of social life,
where individuals seek high socialization and acceptance. The problem we aim to address is:
how does the use of Instagram impact social comparison and users' self-esteem, considering the
factors of content sharing and the search for social validation? And thus, to analyze how the
use of Instagram influences the processes of social comparison and self-esteem of users, with
special attention to the factors of content sharing and social validation mechanisms. All through
the Deductive theoretical method, which allowed us to verify that the degree of orientation
towards social comparison through the use of Instagram influences people's self-esteem,
through the analysis of sharing and social validation factors
Impacto da dívida pública externa no crescimento económico da Guiné-Bissau : 1975-2021
No full textO estudo analisa o impacto da dívida pública externa no crescimento económico da Guiné-
Bissau entre 1975 e 2021. A economia guineense apresenta forte dependência do setor primário,
especialmente da exportação da castanha de caju, responsável por mais de 90% das exportações
nacionais. Essa dependência torna o país vulnerável a choques externos e instabilidades
políticas, que afetam diretamente o PIB. Os financiamentos externos recebidos foram, em
grande parte, mal geridos e desviados para fins não produtivos, beneficiando a burocracia
estatal e comprometendo os investimentos nos setores estratégicos. Isso resultou em inflação,
desvalorização cambial, baixa competitividade e dificuldades na balança comercial. A análise
evidencia que a correlação negativa entre dívida externa e crescimento económico não implica
necessariamente causalidade, podendo o baixo crescimento ser o fator que leva ao aumento do
endividamento. Os resultados econométricos (modelo VAR) indicam que as variações na dívida
pública externa não exercem influência significativa nem duradoura sobre o PIB (segundo a
FIR e a causalidade à Granger), existindo, no entanto, alguma evidência de um efeito negativo
sobre as exportações e de uma causalidade instantânea negativa da dívida pública sobre o PIB.
Conclui-se que o impacto negativo da dívida pública externa decorre, sobretudo, do fraco
dinamismo económico e da instabilidade política e institucional crónica do país.The study analyzes the impact of external public debt on the economic growth of Guinea-Bissau
between 1975 and 2021. The Guinean economy shows a strong dependence on the primary
sector, especially on cashew nut exports, which account for more than 90% of the country’s
total exports. This dependence makes the country vulnerable to external shocks and political
instability, which directly affect GDP. External financing received was largely mismanaged and
diverted to non-productive purposes, benefiting state bureaucracy and undermining investments
in strategic sectors. This has resulted in inflation, currency depreciation, low competitiveness,
and trade balance difficulties. The analysis highlights that the negative correlation between
external debt and economic growth does not necessarily imply causality; rather, low growth
may be the factor leading to increased indebtedness. Econometric results (VAR model) indicate
that variations in external public debt have no significant or lasting influence on GDP. It is
concluded that the negative impact of external public debt stems mainly from the country’s
weak economic dynamism and chronic political and institutional instability
Spiky anger, round peace: examining valence, arousal, and linguistic associations in emotion-eliciting concepts
No full textThis research examines how valence, arousal, and linguistic co-occurrence patterns influence shape-emotion associations. Across three studies, we tested whether positive and negative words are associated with rounded and sharp shapes, respectively, and whether a semantic analysis of language (Word2Vec) can predict these associations. Studies 1A and 1B focused primarily on valence, using a lexical decision task and a rating task. Both studies found that positive words were associated with rounded shapes and negative words with sharp shapes, with Word2Vec successfully predicting these mappings. Study 2 directly manipulated both valence and arousal, revealing that when arousal became a salient factor, it dominated shape-emotion associations: low-arousal words were reliably associated with rounded shapes, whereas high-arousal words showed no consistent shape association. Additionally, Word2Vec’s predictive power weakened when arousal was varied, suggesting that valence is more systematically encoded in linguistic representations, while arousal effects may depend more on the flexible, situated dynamics of emotional experience. Together, these findings suggest that while valence-based shape-emotion associations are stable under moderate arousal, salient arousal can shift conceptual mappings. These results highlight the joint contributions of linguistic and perceptual systems to emotional meaning and offer new insights into the grounding of emotion concepts.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Autorité, coopération et codétermination
No full textBien que l’autorité soit systématiquement mentionnée dans les articles économiques
sur la théorie de l’entreprise, le phénomène de l’autorité n’a jamais été véritablement
défini ni analysé en économie, à l’exception de Herbert Simon (1951). “The fact that
orders are typically obeyed is a puzzle” (Bowles, 2004: 343). Ce chapitre montre, d’une
part, que le concept d’autorité soulève de profondes questions théoriques en économie
de l’entreprise et, d’autre part, qu’il débouche sur des recommandations
institutionnelles concernant le gouvernement d’entreprise qui s’inscrivent en totale
rupture avec l’actuel mode dominant de gouvernement.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Models of reintegration of children from substitute family care facilities into biological families in Europe: A comparative analysis of Latvian and Slovak facilities
No full textSubstitute family care has attracted increasing attention globally as an umbrella concept for all categories of non-institutional care for children in situations where parents of the child, for various reasons, cannot provide the needed parental care for their children. As a substitute, it means that the idea of substitute family care is temporary, thereby creating a room for the child to return to his or her original family. It is for this reason that this study was designed to examine and explore the existing models of reintegration of children from substitute family care facilities into their biological families in a comparative context between the Republic of Latvia and Slovakia. The general objective of this research is to analyze and compare the different reintegration models implemented in Latvian and Slovak institutions for facilitating the return of children in substitute family care to their birth families with a view to ascertaining best practices, challenges, and prospects for enhancing the efficiency of reintegration processes across Europe. The study used qualitative research design. The method used in collecting data includes primary and secondary sources of data collection. The primary source was on field work which involves the conducting of oral interviews with practitioners, while secondary data was newspaper, magazine, internet, journals and textbooks. The population was limited to only social work practitioners who have experience in child reintegration. The sample consists of ten (10) participants from different organizations in the two countries and were selected using both purposive sampling and snowball techniques. For analysis, the data collected from the participants were analyzed using the qualitative data analysis method with the use of MAXQDA tool. The findings indicated that practitioners in both Latvia and Slovakia understands the practice and concept of reintegration. Comparatively, while Latvian practitioners emphasize proactive family engagement from the outset of the practice, practitioners in Slovakia may be more centered on institutional assessments which can sometimes limit direct engagement with families during early stages. In terms of challenges, both countries face stigma and community pressure, parents’ resistance to change and emotional attachment as challenges to reintegration. The study concludes with recommendation that calls for practitioners in Slovakia to inculcate proactive family engagement from the outset of the practice, and for the collaboration and harmonization of practice through exchange programs for practitioners. This will encourage cross-border partnerships and exchange programs between facilities in Slovakia and Latvia, allowing professionals to exchange information on experiences and best practices related to reintegration
O acesso à habitação e a reintegração social da pessoa em situação de sem abrigo : Uma análise ao programa Housing First
No full textO acesso à habitação constitui, atualmente, um dos principais desafios sociais e políticos em Portugal.
Este problema reflete-se de forma direta na vida dos cidadãos e na coesão social, num contexto
marcado por baixos salários e pelo aumento do custo de vida, fatores que agravam situações de
vulnerabilidade e exclusão. A insuficiência de políticas públicas eficazes nesta matéria tem contribuído
para o crescimento do número de pessoas sem acesso a uma habitação ou a uma habitação condigna.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as respostas de intervenção comunitária
direcionadas para a reintegração social de pessoas em situação de sem-abrigo em Portugal, com
especial enfoque nos contributos do programa Housing First.
Adotou-se uma abordagem metodológica de natureza qualitativa, recorrendo à observação e à
realização de onze entrevistas semiestruturadas com pessoas que experienciaram situações de sem-
abrigo (sem teto e sem casa). As entrevistas foram realizadas nas habitações dos participantes, de
modo a promover um ambiente acolhedor e centrado na pessoa. A informação recolhida foi tratada
através de análise de conteúdo categorial, possibilitando a sistematização e interpretação dos dados.
Os resultados evidenciam que a integração dos participantes no projeto Housing First possibilitou o
acesso efetivo ao direito à habitação, assegurando condições de privacidade, dignidade e segurança
após vivências de exclusão social extrema. Verificou-se, igualmente, a relevância dos projetos e das
equipas comunitárias no processo de reintegração social das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade.
Foram, contudo, identificadas algumas limitações que dificultam a consolidação desse processo após
a entrada na habitação. Conclui-se, assim, que é fundamental investir em respostas holísticas e
integradas, capazes de promover a autonomia, o respeito e a segurança das pessoas, reivindicando
não apenas o direito a um espaço privado, mas também o direito à participação e pertença no espaço
público.Access to housing is currently one of the main social and political challenges in Portugal. This problem
has a direct impact on citizens' lives and social cohesion, in a context marked by low wages and rising
living costs, factors that exacerbate situations of vulnerability and exclusion. The lack of effective public
policies in this area has contributed to an increase in the number of people without access to housing
or decent housing. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse community intervention responses aimed
at the social reintegration of homeless people in Portugal, with a particular focus on the contributions
of the Housing First programme.
A qualitative methodological approach was adopted, using observation and conducting eleven semi-
structured interviews with people who have experienced homelessness (roofless and houseless). The
interviews were conducted in the participants' homes in order to promote a welcoming and person-
centred environment. The data collected was processed using categorical content analysis, enabling
the systematisation and interpretation of the information.
The results show that the integration of participants in the Housing First project enabled effective
access to the right to housing, ensuring privacy, dignity and safety after experiences of extreme social
exclusion. The relevance of community projects and teams in the process of social reintegration of
people in vulnerable situations was also verified. However, some limitations were identified that
hinder the consolidation of this process after moving into housing. It is therefore concluded that it is
essential to invest in holistic and integrated responses that promote people's autonomy, respect and
safety, claiming not only the right to private space, but also the right to participation and belonging in
public space
Perceiving charisma through avatars and humans: The role of trust and follower personality
No full textCharismatic leadership is described as the ability to communicate in a visionary, emotional and
values-based manner through the use of concrete verbal and nonverbal charismatic leadership
tactics. Current research confirms that integrating these in human leader communication
augments the perception of a leader as charismatic. With the growing use of artificial
intelligence, the question arises whether charismatic leadership tactics can be as well
transmitted with a comparable charismatic effect via artificial intelligence-generated avatars.
Drawing on signaling theory, this study investigates whether the nature of the leader (human
versus avatar) influences the perception of charismatic leadership and whether this relationship
is mediated by trust in the leader and moderated by follower personality traits. To answer these
questions, an online experimental study was conducted, and a total of 137 participants were
randomly assigned to one of four conditions, viewing either a human leader or an avatar leader
delivering a charismatic or neutral speech. The results of an ANCOVA and a moderation
mediation analysis revealed that human leaders were perceived as significantly more
charismatic and trustworthy than avatar leaders. Trust was found to partially mediate the
relationship between the nature of the leader and perceived charismatic leadership, while no
significant moderation effect was found by follower personality traits. Findings are discussed
as well as potential limitations and suggestions for future research.A liderança carismática é descrita como a capacidade de comunicar de forma visionária,
emocional e baseada em valores, por meio do uso de táticas concretas de liderança carismática
verbais e não verbais. Investigação recente confirma que a integração destas táticas na
comunicação de líderes humanos aumenta a percepção do líder como carismático. Com o
crescente uso da inteligência artificial, surge a questão de saber se as táticas de liderança
carismática’s podem ser transmitidas com um efeito carismático comparável por meio de
avatares gerados por inteligência artificial. Com base na teoria do sinal, este estudo investiga
se a natureza do líder (humano versus avatar) influencia a percepção da liderança carismática,
e se essa relação é mediada pela confiança no líder e moderada pelas características de
personalidade dos seguidores. Para responder a estas questões, foi conduzido um estudo
experimental online no qual um total de 137 participantes foi distribuído aleatoriamente em
quatro condições, podendo assistir a um discurso carismático ou neutro por parte de um líder
humano ou um líder avatar. Os resultados de uma ANCOVA e de uma análise de mediação
moderada revelaram que os líderes humanos foram percebidos como significativamente mais
carismáticos e confiáveis do que os líderes avatar. A confiança mostrou-se como mediadora
parcial da relação entre a natureza do líder e a percepção da liderança carismática, enquanto
não foi encontrado nenhum efeito de moderação significativo das características de
personalidade dos followers. Os resultados são discutidos, assim como possíveis limitações e
sugestões para estudos futuros
Theory-driven factors related to the decision to become a foster caregiver among Portuguese adults
No full textThe persistent shortage of foster families remains a global concern. To support recruitment efforts, it is important to understand which factors are associated with different types of engagement with foster care among community samples. This study examined how several theory-informed psychological and contextual variables (e.g., self-efficacy, motivations, time availability and planning) were associated with awareness, willingness and intention to foster children in need. A community sample of 462 Portuguese adults (aged 25–70, Mage = 39.6, SD = 10.9; 73% women) participated in the study. Regression analyses showed that awareness was positively associated with contact with the child protection system, perceived parental competence and gender. Willingness to foster was associated with greater awareness, stronger child-centred reasons, greater perceived time availability, greater self-efficacy and more developed action planning, and was negatively associated with contact with the system. Intention to foster was most strongly associated with willingness and showed unique positive associations with action planning and self-centred reasons. These findings provide theoretically grounded evidence to inform outreach strategies and social work interventions aimed at encouraging and supporting potential foster families among the general public.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Notas de leitura do processo "Proyecto de 250 Viviendas del Grupo Manuel Mateos, Zamora [1958-1960]"
No full textNotas de leitura do processo “Proyecto de 250 Viviendas del Grupo Manuel Mateos, Zamora [1958-1960]” existente no Archivo Histórico Provincial de Zamora, em Zamora.
Registo efetuado em janeiro de 2025 no âmbito do projeto de investigação ReARQ.IB – Built Environment Knowledge for Resilient, Sustainable Communities: Understanding Everyday Modern Architecture and Urban Design in the Iberian Peninsula (1939-1985) (ERC GA949686) e publicado online em https://arquitecturaaqui.eu/es/documentacion/expedientes/55340/proyecto-de-250-viviendas-del-grupo-manuel-mateos-zamora-1958-1960.
Dados exportados da plataforma Arquitectura Aqui (https://arquitecturaaqui.eu), repositório do referido projeto, em janeiro de 2026.