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The knowledge base of Big Tech: Research as a source of informational leadership by the dominant US digital platforms
Full text linkInvesting in research is an essential element in any business model in the digital age. At the forefront of this approach to innovation are digital platforms, which have resources and development strategies that enable them to enter and transform many markets outside their core activities. This work assembles a wealth of evidence to show that the omnipresence of Big Tech has now reached the science & technology sector in a significant way. We analyse the publication growth, influence, themes and partnership profiles of Big Tech (Amazon, Apple, Facebook, Google, and Microsoft). In a process that came alive in the 2000s, it is by the 2010s that these giant US-based ICT-services companies move fast and publish things. They show strong dynamic capabilities in “Physical Sciences” and “Computer Science”. Co-authorships reveal links to American universities, mostly in California. Internationally, there is a strong preference for research collaboration with China, with the UK coming second. Results provide a better appreciation of Big Tech's multidimensional footprint and how the science & technology ecosystem is evolving and causing new policy pressures in the 21st century.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Tourism direct GDP: Configuration of antecedents and tourism future performance in high-income countries
Full text linkPurpose: This study aims to provide a new perspective on the factors determining a country's tourism performance, understand the interrelationships among these factors, and explore their implications for the future of tourism in high-income countries.
Methodology: The study employs a Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) using five variables from the World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI). The focus is on identifying seven configurations of antecedents of Travel and Tourism Industry Gross Domestic Product (T&T Industry GDP).
Findings: The study identifies seven configurations of antecedents influencing T&T Industry GDP, revealing how these factors operate in different scenarios, specifically in countries with high and low T&T GDP. These configurations offer insights into potential future pathways for tourism development.
Implications: The study implies that tourism is a complex phenomenon influenced by multiple interacting factors. It provides a framework for understanding how different combinations of factors can lead to high or low tourism performance, offering valuable insights for anticipating and shaping the future of tourism.
Value: This study adds value by providing a more nuanced understanding of the tourism industry, challenging the notion of singular effects of variables, and highlighting the importance of analyzing multiple, interacting factors in understanding and predicting tourism performance. It contributes to the field of futures studies by offering a tool for anticipating potential future scenarios and their impact on the tourism industry.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Circular economy in firms’ strategies: What are the determinants of eco-innovation?
Full text linkSustainability is a growing theme in society, and associated with it is the concept of circular economy (CE) that tries to reuse products for greater durability, thus contributing to reducing waste and pollution. A very important agent in this topic is eco-innovation (EI), which can be developed to promote the growth of this new economic concept. This study intends to determine the key drivers of EI for Portuguese companies, considering their evolution towards a circular economy. Using a Tobit model and data from the CIS, all the variables identified in the literature review were tested to understand their impact on firms’ performance by measuring turnover growth (TG). Verifying all variables’ effects was impossible from the estimations because not all were significant. Our findings allow concluding that not all drivers that appeared to have a positive impact on the TG had one. Therefore, the results show that not all theoretical drivers of eco-innovation are, in fact, drivers and may even represent negative impacts for the company, contrary to what one would predict. The negative effect that is still notorious regarding the costs that companies have associated with the implementation of these new measures should also be highlighted. It represents one of the biggest inhibitors for companies to integrate this action into their internal strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O turista e o viajante: contributos para a conceptualização do turismo alternativo e responsável
Full text linkO turismo enquanto actividade económica tem vindo a ser alvo de incentivos e incrementos constantes ao longo do tempo sendo inclusivè considerado, por inúmeros estudiosos da matéria e organismos internacionais, como a principal actividade económica a nível mundial. É simultaneamente uma actividade e uma prática que, ao longo do tempo, tem registado dinamismo do ponto de vista quantitativo tanto da procura como das potenciais ofertas cada vez com maior diversificação (Silva 1998)
Luso-africanos em Portugal: Nas margens da etnicidade
No full textAo contrário do que é comum pensar-se, a actual presença africana em Portugal não se reduz aos imigrantes, mas engloba outras categorias sociais que aqui se propõe designar por luso-africanos. Essa designação engloba duas situações principais. Uma, mais antiga, é a dos africanos de nacionalidade portuguesa, de condição social média ou elevada e muitas vezes racialmente mistos, que optaram por se fixar em Portugal na sequência da descolonização. Outra, que se começa agora a configurar, é a dos filhos dos imigrantes que já nasceram e/ou cresceram em Portugal. Embora diferentes entre si, estas duas categorias têm, pelo menos, em comum aquilo que as diferencia dos imigrantes propriamente ditos: o grau de fixação na sociedade portuguesa e a ausência de um projecto de regresso aos países de origem. Tanto uns como outros se têm mantido à margem da crescente politização da etnicidade em Portugal. Mas, sobretudo se os contrastes sociais e culturais do conjunto das comunidades africanas com a população portuguesa, já hoje muito elevados na maioria dos casos, aumentarem significativamente, isso poderá alterar-se a breve prazo
Data-driven insights to reduce uncertainty from disruptive events in passenger railways
Full text linkThis study investigates the predictive modeling of the impact of disruptive events on passenger railway systems, using real data from the Portuguese main operator, Comboios de Portugal. We develop models using neural networks and decision trees, using key features such as the betweenness centrality indicator, railway track, time of day, and the train service group. Conclusively, these attributes significantly predict the impact on the proposed models. The research reveals the superior performance of neural network models, such as convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks, in smaller data sets, while decision tree models, particularly random forest, stand out in larger data sets. The findings of this study unveil new attributes that can be employed as predictors. Additionally, they confirm, within this study's context, the effectiveness of certain traits previously recognized in the literature for mitigating the uncertainty associated with the uncertainty of the impact of disruptive events in passenger railway systems.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measuring collective action intention toward gender equality across cultures
Full text linkCollective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data from 60 countries (N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptually similar to individual attributes. Therefore, our findings add to the growing body of literature on gender based collective action by introducing a methodologically sound tool to measure collective action intentions towards gender equality across culturesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio