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Mudança sem reforma: O caso da pensão de invalidez em Portugal
Get PDFA pensão de invalidez em Portugal é caraterizada por uma forte estabilidade, em particular ao nível do conceito de incapacidade para o trabalho. O mesmo ocorre ao nível da instituição responsável pela verificação desta eventualidade, o Sistema de Verificação de Incapacidades (SVI). Embora este represente um elemento inovador e se verifique uma mudança bastante visível na sua composição, a inércia legislativa é o traço distintivo dos procedimentos e regras desta área de política. O que explica esta aparente resiliência institucional que atravessa vários ciclos políticos? Partindo de uma abordagem bottom-up, esta tese defende que existe uma mudança invisível que não se materializa em alteração legislativa, resultando numa transformação subtil da natureza da política em causa: a mudança institucional é um processo contínuo e dinâmico que ocorre através de ajustes e adaptações nas práticas organizacionais da principal agência envolvida na certificação da invalidez, em particular dos peritos médicos do SVI. Através de pesquisa documental inédita e de entrevistas a atores de relevo, identificam-se três mecanismos causais entre implementação e mudança da natureza da política: 1) a autonomia relativa da tecnocracia do SVI, cujos escalões mais altos desempenham, simultaneamente, o papel de burocratas de rua e de elite técnica superior; 2) as caraterísticas genéticas e normativas do conceito de invalidez, que lhe conferem uma natureza ambígua e dá aos executores da política um elevado grau de discricionariedade para interpretar e adaptar a sua atuação de acordo com valores idiossincráticos sobre o que deve constituir a proteção na invalidez, resultando em adaptações não refletidas na lei; e 3) um ambiente institucional aberto e não delimitado por instrumentos classificativos ao nível da certificação de invalidez que favorece a inovação institucional nas práticas de certificação.
Em suma, a análise demonstrou que a burocracia, em especial a de rua, pode contribuir para a mudança institucional.The disability pension in Portugal is characterized by significant stability, particularly regarding the concept of work incapacity. The same applies to the institution responsible for verifying this condition, the Disability Verification System (SVI). While the SVI represents an innovative element and shows noticeable changes in its composition, legislative inertia remains the defining feature of the procedures and rules in this policy area. What explains this apparent institutional resilience across various political cycles? Adopting a bottom-up approach, this thesis argues that an invisible change is taking place, which does not manifest in legislative alterations but results in a subtle transformation of the nature of the policy in question. Institutional change is understood as a continuous and dynamic process occurring through adjustments and adaptations in the organizational practices of the primary agency involved in certifying disability, particularly the medical experts of the SVI. Through unprecedented document-based research and interviews with key actors, three causal mechanisms linking implementation and changes in the nature of the policy are identified: 1) the relative autonomy of the SVI technocracy, whose higher echelons simultaneously play the role of street-level bureaucrats and senior technical elites; 2) the genetic and normative characteristics of the concept of disability, which confer an ambiguous nature, granting policy implementers a high degree of discretion to interpret and adapt their actions based on idiosyncratic values about what disability protection should entail, resulting in adaptations not reflected in legislation; and 3) an open institutional environment, unbounded by rigid classificatory instruments in disability certification, which fosters institutional innovation in certification practices.
In conclusion, the analysis demonstrated that bureaucracy, particularly street-level bureaucracy, can drive institutional and policy change
Diversity, interculturalism and community building in the Algarve: Preliminary findings for (re)imagining a digital road map of hope
Get PDFThe Algarve is the first Portuguese region with more immigrants per inhabitant, and the second with the highest rate of immigration, after Greater Lisbon. These immigrants bring with them different cultures, traditions, religious beliefs and customs, and face many barriers to local integration. Indeed the Algarve is a diverse reality with various forms of social discrimination and spatial segregation affecting many, including economic and forced migrants. The aim of the article is to identify the urban specificities of the region; the accounts of these immigrants about their living conditions, especially in terms of housing and employment, their support activities and cultural interactions; and the digital media that transmit and amplify perceptions of threat, but also make visible (self-)representations and opportunities. Another aim is to provide a political-philosophical lens for the production of a digital road map. Following Freire's and Harvey's ideas of hope, the reflections intersect with an exploratory empirical socio-spatial and digital recognition of Faro (and Estoi) and Loulé (and Quarteira). The article argues that intercultural dialogues, interactions and relationships based on local experiences and situated knowledge can help us imagine alternatives and more just worlds. Conclusions discuss the analytical guidelines of this digital road map (in terms of urban layers, migrant dots, digital fluxes) and the guidance it provides to support diversity, interculturalism and community building.publicad
Temporal dynamics of power distribution in mobile urban co-policies: A southern analytical framework
Get PDFThis study proposes an analytical framework for scrutinising the temporal dynamics of power distribution within the mobility of urban co-policies, particularly those that aim to enhance socio-spatial justice. The role of time in shaping power dynamics in the new contexts covered by urban co-policies is central to this analysis. The framework is constructed through a comprehensive literature review and empirical fieldwork on the Lisbon mobile co-policy, called Bairros de Intervenção Prioritária/Zonas de Intervenção Prioritárias, which is supplemented by analysis of participatory and contextual policies across cities within the Com.Unity.Lab Transfer Network. Drawing on theories of policy mobility in the context of Southern epistemologies, the framework underscores the significance of temporal dynamics in the formation of policy outcomes, which highlights the necessity of the continuous assessment of policy intermediary results over time. The proposed framework identifies a gap in the analysis of the mobility of co-policies that integrate spatial co-production and co-governance at the neighbourhood scale. Methodologically based on the Southern ethics of inquiry in which time serves as a critical lens through which travelling co-policies are understood, the study offers insights into the need for continuous adaptation with the overarching goal of assessing the extent to which urban co-policies can foster social justice towards fairer cities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Commercial development plan of X financial software company's product
Get PDFWith the rapid evolution of financial technology and intensified post-pandemic market dynamics, X Financial Software Company faces critical challenges in enhancing brand equity, expanding market share, and optimizing marketing efficiency. Central to this study is addressing the dual imperatives of customer acquisition and retention, which are pivotal for sustainable growth in the competitive fintech landscape. The companys current marketing strategy reveals gaps in leveraging emerging technologies, personalized customer engagement, and data-driven decision-making, leading to suboptimal customer loyalty and elevated churn risks. This project proposes a redesigned commercial development plan that integrates AIdriven customer segmentation, hyper-personalized marketing strategies, and customer success management (CSM) frameworks. By deploying advanced analytics to predict customer behavior and tailor experiences, the plan aims to enhance acquisition through targeted digital campaigns (e.g., SEO/SEM, freemium models) and strategic alliances. For retention, the focus shifts to loyalty programs, predictive churn prevention, and omnichannel engagement, supported by CRM systems and real-time feedback loops.
Key initiatives include: - Data-driven customer acquisition: Utilizing big data to identify high-value segments, optimize conversion funnels, and deploy dynamic pricing strategies. - Enhanced retention mechanisms: Implementing AI-powered insights for proactive support, personalized onboarding, and continuous value delivery through product updates. - Revenue diversification: Expanding into underserved markets (e.g., green finance) and introducing subscription-based models to stabilize recurring revenue streams.
Empirical analysis, including PESTEL, Porter's Five Forces, and SWOT frameworks, underpins the strategic recommendations. The study underscores the importance of aligning technological innovation (e.g., blockchain, cloud computing) with customer-centric practices to foster long-term relationships. By bridging theoretical models like the 4Ps and STP with contemporary digital tools, this plan not only addresses X Financial Software's immediate challenges but also offers actionable insights for fintech enterprises navigating post-pandemic uncertainties.Com o rápido desenvolvimento das fintechs e a intensificação da dinâmica do mercado no período pós-pandemia, a X Financial Software enfrentou desafios significativos para melhorar os seus ativos de marca, expandir a sua quota de mercado e otimizar a eficiência das suas ações de marketing. O cerne desta pesquisa é abordar a dupla necessidade de aquisição e retenção de clientes, essencial para o crescimento sustentável do competitivo setor fintech.
A estratégia de marketing atual da empresa apresenta lacunas na adoção de tecnologias emergentes, no envolvimento personalizado dos clientes e na tomada de decisões baseadas em dados, resultando em níveis subótimos de fidelização e num aumento do risco de perda de clientes. Este projeto propõe um plano redesenhado de desenvolvimento do negócio, que incorpora uma estrutura de segmentação de clientes suportada por inteligência artificial, estratégias de marketing altamente personalizadas e uma abordagem estruturada à gestão do sucesso do cliente (CSM).
Através da implementação de análises avançadas para prever o comportamento do cliente e personalizar a sua experiência, o programa visa melhorar a aquisição de utilizadores por meio de campanhas digitais direcionadas (por exemplo, SEO/SEM, modelo freemium) e alianças estratégicas. Para a retenção de clientes, o foco passa a estar em programas de fidelização, na prevenção preditiva da rotatividade de clientes e no envolvimento omnicanal, suportado por sistemas de CRM e ciclos de feedback em tempo real.
As principais medidas incluem: - Aquisição de clientes orientada por dados: utilização de big data para identificar segmentos de alto valor, otimizar canais de conversão e implementar estratégias dinâmicas de definição de preços. - Mecanismos de retenção aprimorados: recurso a inteligência artificial para suporte proativo, integração individualizada e entrega contínua de valor através de atualizações de produto. - Diversificação de fontes de receita: expansão para mercados subexplorados (como as finanças verdes) e introdução de um modelo baseado em subscrição para estabilizar receitas recorrentes.
A análise empírica, que inclui os modelos PESTEL, as Cinco Forças de Porter e a matriz SWOT, sustenta a proposta estratégica. O estudo destaca a importância de combinar inovações tecnológicas (por exemplo, blockchain e computação em nuvem) com práticas centradas no cliente para promover relações de longo prazo. Ao articular modelos teóricos, como os 4Ps do marketing e a segmentação STP, com ferramentas digitais contemporâneas, a iniciativa não só responde aos desafios imediatos enfrentados pela X Financial Software, como também fornece insights estratégicos para que as fintechs possam lidar com a incerteza do período pós-pandemia
Effects of the Fractional Black-Scholes Model on LEAPS options contracts
Get PDFIn recent decades, the valuation of derivative products is a topic that has increasingly caught the interest of investors, whether due to the potential leveraged profits obtained from the incorrect valuation of these contracts or, in some cases, due to risk hedging activities. Options contracts are no exception, with the liberalized access to Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities trading through platforms focused on individual investors, the correct assessment of the price attributable to these products has never been more important. However, there are still very few studies conducted on the valuation of such contracts, making this task challenging.
Consequently, various valuation models have been developed for these instruments, namely the well-known Black-Scholes Model (1973) and Merton (1973). However, the majority exhibit weaknesses in the inherent assumptions, presuming no long-term memory of the volatility parameter, which is the focus of this dissertation, and accommodating the normality of logarithmic returns, which is unverifiable in real markets (Taleb, 2007). In 1999, Hu and Øksendal suggested addressing this issue by introducing the Fractional Black-Scholes Model, which proposes the use of Fractional Brownian Motion, a new class of Brownian motion that exhibits correlation between past and recent volatilities.
This study proposes applying the Fractional Black-Scholes Model to assess the effects of volatility for the valuation of long-term European options (Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities). For this purpose, using a sample of the S&P500-based contracts with maturities exceeding one year and different strikes, this dissertation examines the impact of the fractional volatility versus that of the Black-Scholes model.Cada vez mais a valorização de produtos derivados é um tópico que tem atraído atenção dos investidores especialmente nas últimas décadas, quer seja pelos potencias lucros alavancados obtidos pela incorreta valorização destes contratos ou, devido a atividades de cobertura de risco. Os contratos de opções não são exceção, com o acesso liberalizado à negociação de Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities através de plataformas focadas no pequeno investidor, a correta precificação destes produtos nunca foi tão importante. No entanto, existem poucos estudos efetuados na valorização destes contratos, tornando esta tarefa difícil.
Desta forma, foram desenvolvidos diversos modelos de valorização destes instrumentos, nomeadamente o Black-Scholes Model (1973) e Merton (1973), contudo a maioria destes apresentam fragilidades nas premissas que estabelecem, assumindo a ausência de memória de longo prazo do parâmetro da volatilidade, sobre a qual incide o foco desta dissertação, e a normalidade dos retornos logarítmicos, a qual é inverificável nos mercados (Taleb, 2007). Por sua vez, em 1999 Hu e Øksendal, visando este problema sugeriram introduzir o Fractional Black-Scholes Model, que propõe o uso do Fractional Brownian Motion o qual postula uma nova classe de movimento Browniano que exibe correlação entre as volatilidades passadas e recentes.
Este estudo propõe aplicar o Fractional Black-Scholes Model na valorização de opções europeias de longo-prazo (Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities). Para isso, recolheu-se uma amostra de opções do S&P 500 com maturidades acima de um ano e diferentes strikes, e comparou-se o impacto da volatilidade fractal na avaliação destes contratos com os valores obtidos através do modelo Black-Scholes
Profit with purpose: How CSR fuels UK SMEs' success
Get PDFCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an essential strategy for firms, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to enhance their social impact and secure long-term financial sustainability. This study explores the relationship between CSR investments and financial performance in UK listed SMEs from 2021 to 2024. Despite CSR's growing prominence, its financial benefits for SMEs remain underexplored, especially concerning factors such as managerial optimism and external stakeholder pressures. The study employs a resource dependence theory (RDT) framework, which posits that firms rely on external resources for growth and suggests that CSR investments help SMEs manage these dependencies, leading to better financial outcomes. Findings reveal a positive association between CSR investments and financial performance, with managerial optimism negatively influencing CSR investments, while regulatory pressure and financial risk play moderating roles. The study contributes to CSR literature by offering empirical evidence from UK SMEs and integrating managerial optimism as a moderating factor. The results provide practical insights for managers, policymakers, and investors on integrating CSR into business strategies to enhance both financial performance and stakeholder engagement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Unpacking disruptive innovation: Key insights and strategies for competitive advantage
Get PDFDisruptive innovation plays a decisive role in business success, yet its practical implementation remains underexplored. Despite extensive theoretical work, a persistent gap exists between understanding the concept and applying it effectively within organizations. This systematic literature review analyzes 50 high-impact articles published since 2000 to identify best practices and barriers to implementing disruptive innovation, with particular attention to the role of open innovation as a catalyst. Findings show that adopting innovative, often collaboratively developed business models reduced market-entry barriers in 68 % of the cases studied. Open innovation practices—such as external partnerships, co-creation with customers, and digital platform collaboration—emerged as critical enablers, alongside organizational culture and customer engagement. Key obstacles include incumbent resistance, rigid performance metrics, and resource allocation constraints. The study contributes theoretically by clarifying conceptual boundaries between disruptive and open innovation, and empirically by offering an actionable framework for leveraging open innovation to foster disruptive change in dynamic markets. These findings provide evidence-based guidance for managers, policymakers, and researchers seeking to translate innovation theory into sustainable competitive advantage.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
EU-27 Tourism-Macroeconomic Panel Dataset (2000–2024)
No full textThis dataset covers the EU-27 over 2000–2024 and contains variables relevant to assessing the impact of tourism growth on macroeconomic indicators
Competências digitais na gestão escolar: Mapeamento e análise da contribuição da formação continuada online no processo de aquisição
Get PDFEsta pesquisa insere-se no contexto da transformação digital da educação e examina as competências digitais dos gestores escolares no Brasil, com enfoque no estado do Ceará e recorte temporal de 2020 a 2023, período pós pandémico. O objetivo principal é identificar as competências digitais essenciais para que aos gestores escolares utilizem e promovam eficazmente as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC)
nas escolas, e as contribuições da formação continuada online no desenvolvimento dessas competências. A investigação adota uma abordagem metodológica mista,
predominantemente qualitativa, estruturada em diferentes etapas: análise documental e bibliográfica de autores como Almeida (2023), Azukas (2022), Bates (2017), Vieira & Vidal (2019) e Kenski (2003, 2008, 2012); estudo de casos múltiplos sobre três programas de formação online e coleta de dados por meio de observação participante, aplicação de questionários, entrevistas individuais e grupo focal com gestores escolares. Como
resultado da pesquisa apresenta um Modelo de Competências Digitais do Gestor escolar
– MCD-Gestão, que organizado em categorias, destaca algumas das competências digitais fundamentais para a prática profissional contemporânea. Adicionalmente, a pesquisa identifica fragilidades e potencialidades das formações online, sugerindo algumas estratégias e conteúdos formativos que podem ser relevantes ao atendimento das demandas formativas dos gestores escolares para a aquisição de competências digitais.
Conclui-se que as competências digitais são essenciais e estratégicas para uma gestão
escolar eficiente e transformadora, sendo necessário seu fortalecimento. Além disso, as formações online, ao ajustar-se às necessidades formativas e de comunicação dos gestores, podem oferecer grande contributo na aquisição destas competências.This research is part of the context of the digital transformation of education and examines the digital skills of school managers in Brazil, focusing on the state of Ceará and the time frame from 2020 to 2023, the post-pandemic period. The main objective is to identify the essential digital skills for school managers to effectively use and promote Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DIT) in schools, and contributions of
online continuing education in the development of these skills. The research adopts a mixed methodological approach, predominantly qualitative, structured in different stages: documentary and bibliographic analysis of authors such as Almeida (2023), Azukas (2022), Bates (2017), Vieira & Vidal (2019) and Kenski (2003, 2008, 2012); multiple case study of three online training programs and data collection through participant observation, application of questionnaires, individual interviews and focus group with
school managers. As a result of the research, a Digital Skills Model for School Managers – MCD-Management is presented, which, organized into categories, highlights some of
the fundamental digital skills for contemporary professional practice. Additionally, the research identifies weaknesses and potentialities of online training, suggesting some strategies and training content that may be relevant to meeting the training demands of
school managers for the acquisition of digital skills. It is concluded that digital skills are essential and strategic for efficient and transformative school management, and that their
strengthening is necessary. Furthermore, online training, by adjusting to the training and
communication needs of managers, can offer a great contribution to the acquisition of
these skills
The flavor of place: Examining the impact of authentic local cuisine on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty
Get PDFThis research examines the impact of authentic local cuisine on tourist satisfaction and revisit intention, with a focus on the mediating roles of destination image and destination branding. Utilizing a conceptual model and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), this study analyzes data from 203 tourists. The findings reveal that authentic local cuisine significantly and positively influences tourist satisfaction, both directly and indirectly through destination image and destination branding. Furthermore, tourist satisfaction is identified as the most critical factor influencing revisit intention. The study provides valuable insights for destination marketers and policymakers, highlighting the competitive advantage of leveraging authentic cuisine as an effective branding strategy and offering practical steps to enhance tourist satisfaction and revisit intention.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio