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Long-term back pain recall in Generation XXI adolescents: The role of sensitivity and pain history
Get PDFIntroduction:
Adolescence is a period of profound cognitive and affective development, making it a critical period for studying pain memory and its role in chronic pain.
Objective:
As this issue is underexplored in adolescents, we aimed to quantify the long-term back pain recall and assess its association with other pain-related factors and experiences.
Methods:
We analyzed data of 1,089 participants from the Generation XXI birth cohort (Portugal), comparing back pain reported at age 13 (Lübeck Pain-Screening Questionnaire) to recalled back pain at 18 (explicit pain memory), investigating instances of forgetting/under-recalling, over-recalling, concordantly recalling presence/absence of back pain. We combined concordant recalls into a single category and under-recalling and over-recalling of any back pain as instances of discordant recall. Parameters such as current pain, family members with recurrent pain, health-related quality of life, environmental sensitivity, and self-perceived pain sensitivity were analyzed.
Results:
At age 18, a small percentage of participants recalled experiencing back pain at age 13, while 12% under-recalled it. Concordant recall was significantly higher in boys (OR: 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–2.19) and individuals with higher environmental sensitivity (OR: 1.74; CI: 1.07–2.85). Those experiencing current pain were less likely to under-recall compared with those without current pain (OR: 0.21; CI: 0.05–0.91). A good health-related quality of life increased the likelihood of under-recall (OR: 2.91; CI: 1.11–7.67) but did not significantly affect over-recall.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest that pain history and sensitivity significantly influence recall, which could contribute to pain experiences later in life.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Waking a dormant legal resource: Institutional activation and the origins of important projects of common European interest
Get PDFImportant Projects of Common European Interest (IPCEIs) have become a central tool of the European Union's (EU) new industrial policy. IPCEIs derive their peculiar name from an exemption to the general prohibition on state aid that has existed since the Treaty of Rome but has only led to the creation of a stand-alone policy instrument in 2014. In this paper, we introduce the concept of institutional activation to shed light on both the origins and evolution of this Treaty article. We reconstruct how the article reflected a compromise between different coalitions during the Treaty negotiations; how it remained largely dormant in the absence of a sustained coalitional push to activate it; and how it was finally activated by a coalition of institutional entrepreneurs' intent on using the article's untapped potential for new forms of industrial policy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Whose story gets told? A qualitative analysis of cultural diversity in Luxembourg's primary schoolbooks
Get PDFThis qualitative analysis explores the representation of cultural diversity within Luxembourgish primary schoolbooks from 1981 to 2010. The study examines the evolution of how cultural diversity is portrayed as well as the alignment between the representation in the schoolbooks and Luxembourg’s multicultural reality. Implementing thematic analysis on a sample of seven German-language textbooks, the research investigates the portrayal of Minority and Majority groups, intergroup relationships, and the narratives of different cultural groups. Findings reveal a persistent visibility of the Majority group, with limited and often generalized representations of Minority cultures, particularly in the older schoolbooks. While intergroup interactions are depicted positively in today’s schoolbooks, Minority narratives are frequently marginalized.
These results suggest a discrepancy between Luxembourg’s diverse population and its representation in educational materials. The study highlights the need for curriculum reform to promote inclusive and equitable portrayals of cultural diversity and to get closer to the objectives of a multicultural education. Recommendations for future research include exploring student and teacher perspectives, and investigating the processes involved in the development and selection of schoolbooks. This will contribute to the reform of the education system towards the visibility and recognition of ethnic-racial groups.Esta análise qualitativa explora a representação da diversidade cultural nos manuais escolares luxemburgueses do 1.º ciclo, de 1981 a 2010. O estudo analisa a evolução da forma como a diversidade cultural é retratada, bem como o alinhamento entre a representação nos manuais escolares e a realidade multicultural do Luxemburgo. Implementando a análise temática numa amostra de sete manuais escolares de língua alemã, o estudo analisa a representação dos grupos minoritários e maioritários, as relações intergrupais e as narrativas de diferentes grupos culturais. Os resultados revelam uma visibilidade proeminente do grupo maioritário, com representações limitadas e muitas vezes generalizadas das culturas minoritárias, particularmente nos manuais escolares mais antigos. Embora as interações intergrupais sejam representadas de forma positiva nos manuais escolares atuais, as narrativas das minorias são frequentemente marginalizadas. Estes resultados sugerem uma discrepância entre a diversidade da população luxemburguesa e a sua representação nos materiais didáticos. O estudo salienta a necessidade de uma reforma curricular capaz de promover representações inclusivas e equitativas da diversidade cultural, visando os objetivos de uma educação multicultural. As recomendações para investigação futura incluem a exploração das perspetivas de alunos e professores, e a análise dos processos de desenvolvimento e seleção de manuais escolares. Tal contribuirá para a reforma do sistema educativo no sentido da visibilidade e reconhecimento paritário dos grupos étnico-raciais
Algumas notas sobre a ética desportiva e a luta antidopagem em Portugal
Get PDFO papel do desporto e dos desportistas na sociedade contemporânea, com uma verdadeira idolatria à volta de alguns deles e destaque para os aspetos económicos associados aos seus contratos e às suas vidas, justifica que se recordem e referenciem os valores do desporto e se procure analisar se e como a ética desportiva foi, ou não, recebida pelo ordenamento jurídico português, bem como que se dê uma breve nota do combate que, entre nós, tem vindo a ser empreendido à utilização do doping no desporto, um dos grandes inimigos da verdade desportiva e da saúde dos atletas, focando-se, para além das vertentes disciplinar e desportiva, outras dimensões em que a utilização de substâncias, drogas ou métodos proibidos se pode repercutir negativamente na esfera jurídica dos desportistas, nomeadamente o plano laboral e o dos patrocínios.publicad
A relação entre a psicologia e o direito nas decisões judiciais no âmbito de processos tutelares educativos: Perspetivas de magistrados e técnicos
Get PDFConsiderando a relevância do trabalho colaborativo no sistema de justiça juvenil para os jovens com processo tutelar educativo, esta dissertação tinha como objetivo geral compreender a relação entre a psicologia (e outras ciências sociais) e o direito nas decisões judiciais no âmbito tutelar educativo. Para o efeito, foi realizada uma análise documental de 30 processos judiciais e 24 entrevistas individuais a magistrados (n=12) e a técnicos sociais (n=12) pertencentes à Direção Geral de Reinserção e Serviços Prisionais (DGRSP). A análise temática efetuada permite destacar enquanto resultados principais: 1) o relatório social e/ou perícia psicológica como instrumentos cruciais de apoio na tomada de decisão judicial informada; 2) a atribuição de uma ampla valoração ao papel dos técnicos; 3) a importância das práticas colaborativas na qualidade da intervenção tutelar. Apesar de algumas limitações que podem ser identificadas, esta dissertação vem contribuir para a literatura no âmbito da justiça juvenil, ao demonstrar a relevância do trabalho colaborativo interinstitucional e dos contributos da avaliação técnica na tomada de decisão judicial que visam a melhoria da eficiência e da qualidade do sistema de justiça juvenil português, fulcral para se assegurar os direitos de jovens infratores.Considering the relevance of collaborative work in the juvenile justice system for young people undergoing educational proceedings, this dissertation aimed to understand the relationship between psychology (and other social sciences) and law in judicial decisions within the context of juvenile justice system. For this purpose, a document analysis of 30 judicial cases and 24 individual interviews with magistrates (n=12) and social technicians (n=12) from the Directorate General for Reintegration and Prison Services (DGRSP) was conducted. The thematic analysis carried out highlights the following main results: 1) the social report and/or psychological assessment as crucial tools to support informed judicial decision-making; 2) a broad appreciation of the role of social workers; 3) the importance of collaborative practices in enhancing the quality of educational interventions. Despite some limitations that can be identified, this dissertation contributes to the literature on juvenile justice by demonstrating the importance of inter-institutional collaborative work and the contributions of technical assessments in judicial decision-making aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of the Portuguese juvenile justice system, which is crucial for ensuring the rights of young offenders
From sports to ideological blindness: The communicative and conceptual traps of the concept of sportswashing
Get PDFDesde que algunos países del golfo pérsico comenzaron a utilizar al deporte como herramienta de desarrollo, a invertir con éxito en el sector, y a conseguir los derechos para organizar competiciones internacionales, la prensa anglosajona comenzó a analizar la situación como casos de sportswashing, concepto que, posteriormente, fue incorporado a la literatura científica. De acuerdo con esta palabra, diversas autocracias ricas no occidentales han comenzado a utilizar el deporte para ocultar su autoritarismo y abusos a los derechos humanos y, al mismo tiempo, ganar legitimidad y poder blando a nivel internacional. El concepto aumentó y consolidó su utilización en el marco de la realización del mundial de futbol en Catar. A pesar de su masivo uso periodístico y académico faltan análisis críticos que evalúen su lógica semántica y su utilidad discursiva y teórica. A través de un análisis histórico de la emergencia y uso del concepto, este artículo analiza la utilidad académica del mismo, cuestiona la ceguera ideológica que pregona, y demuestra cómo la situación actual de los países del Golfo Pérsico, más que ser una cuestión de lavado de imagen, es una posibilidad para la expansión de valores positivos universales a través del deporte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perspectives and realities of disengagement among younger generation Y and Z workers in contemporary work dynamics
Get PDFThe disengagement of younger workers, particularly from Generations Y and Z, is a growing concern in contemporary organizational environments. This study analyzes the factors influencing disengagement and the organizational strategies that can reduce its impact. A literature review was conducted, covering studies published between 2014 and 2024, with the selection of publications based on relevance, indexing, and thematic alignment. The findings indicate that disengagement results from a combination of factors. Firstly, job demand factors were identified, such as the misalignment between well-being policies and employee needs, excessive workloads, the absence of remote work and flexible schedules, challenges associated with digitalization and new technologies, economic insecurity, job instability, and frequent organizational changes. Secondly, job resource factors were also highlighted, including inadequate leadership, ineffective communication, limited professional development opportunities, and poorly structured evaluation and reward systems. These findings align with the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) Model. In addition, psychological factors were observed, namely, a lack of autonomy, experiences of injustice and inequality in the workplace, misalignment between personal values and organizational culture, and the presence of hostile or toxic environments, which correspond to the theoretical assumptions of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT).To address disengagement, organizations should implement organizational strategies, such as physical and mental well-being programs, encourage regular breaks, promote healthy lifestyle campaigns, provide psychological support, and create ergonomic work environments. Additionally, they should foster professional growth through continuous training, mentoring, and transparent recognition and reward systems. Organizational communication must be open and effective, ensuring transparency and active employee participation. The adoption of remote work policies and flexible schedules, along with investments in technology and collaboration tools, also helps maintain engagement. These strategies promote employee satisfaction, motivation, and organizational commitment among workers, particularly those from Generations Y and Z, so organizations must adapt to the evolving expectations of the workforce to prevent long-term negative effects, such as decreased productivity and higher turnover, compromising their competitiveness and sustainability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Demographics do not matter?: Exploring the impact of gender and ethnicity on users’ identification with AI-generated personas
Get PDFDemographics are considered foundational information in most persona profiles. However, the effect of persona ethnicity and gender on designers’ identification with the persona has limited evaluation in the human-computer interaction literature. We conducted a study with 64 professional designers from the United States, Indian, Korean, and Mexican nationalities to investigate the effects of AI-generated persona ethnicity and gender on persona identification. The personas were created using Generative AI in the persona narratives and the persona video creation. The contribution of this work is that, against assumptions, neither persona ethnicity nor gender play a major role in persona identification among designers with different ethnic backgrounds. While there were some insinuations of ethnicity and gender in the open-ended feedback from the designers, the emergent qualitative themes describing persona identification were overwhelmingly universal and applicable regardless of ethnicity or gender. This implies that professional designers can effectively use personas with different demographic backgrounds, and effects of demographic attributes in personas leading to stereotyping are less impactful than presumed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Língua de herança e identidade: Perspetivas da diáspora Açoriana-Americana em Nova Inglaterra
Get PDFThis article calls attention to the sociolinguistic invisibility of young heritage language learners of European Portuguese in New England. Through an exploratory analysis, based on ethnographic and sociolinguistic insights, we highlight the mismatch between top-down Portuguese language instruction policies and bottom-up language experiences in the Azorean-American diaspora in Massachusetts, affecting not only the academic success of those students but also their own ethnolinguistic identity. We critically analyze how a powerful standard language ideology, which is both monolinguist and monocultural, impacts language teaching policies, and thereby question the notion of a singular Portuguese heritage language that masks its internal diversity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pride against prejudice: A "social cure" for minority stress among lesbian and gay individuals
Get PDFMental health disparities between lesbian and gay (LG) people and heterosexual people are well-documented, and often attributed to minority stress stemming from homophobic stigma. However, less attention has been paid to the effective strategies enacted by people to cope with the negative effects of minority stress on mental health, particularly at the individual and interpersonal levels. Many LG people are forced to manage their sexual identity as a response to minority stress, either by connecting with or disconnecting from the LGBTQ+ community, resulting in individual or collective coping strategies. Yet, the conditions influencing these choices, and their effectiveness remain unclear. To investigate this, we bridge the minority stress model with the social identity approach to health, testing these principles across four studies. Study 1 examined how social perceptions of the LGBTQ+ community and cultural orientations may influence the inclination toward specific coping strategies. Study 2 explored the role of these social perceptions in the negative association between minority stress and mental health outcomes. Lastly, we used cross-sectional (Study 3) and longitudinal data (Study 4) to assess the effectiveness of individual and collective coping strategies. The overall findings reveal that collective strategies, such as engaging with and receiving support from the LGBTQ+ community, were associated with positive mental health outcomes compared to individualistic approaches, like presenting as heterosexual. Additionally, social perceptions and cultural values significantly determined the effectiveness and likelihood of engaging in these coping processes. This thesis enhances our understanding of how LG people cope with minority stress, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners addressing sexual identity-related mental health inequalities.As disparidades de saúde mental entre pessoas lésbicas e gays (LG) e pessoas heterossexuais estão bem documentadas e são frequentemente atribuídas à experiência de "stress" minoritário resultante do estigma homofóbico. No entanto, a investigação tem dado menos atenção às estratégias eficazes que as pessoas têm para lidar com os efeitos negativos do "stress" minoritário na saúde mental particularmente a nível individual e interpessoal. Muitas pessoas LG são forçadas a gerir a sua identidade sexual como resposta ao stress minoritário, aproximando-se ou afastando-se da comunidade LGBTQ+, resultando em estratégias de "coping" individuais ou coletivas. No entanto, as condições que influenciam estas escolhas e a eficácia das mesmas, permanecem ainda incertas. Na nossa investigação estabelecemos uma ligação entre o modelo de "stress" minoritário e a abordagem da identidade social aplicado em contextos de saúde, testando estes princípios em quatro estudos. O Estudo 1 analisou como as perceções sociais da comunidade LGBTQ+ e as orientações culturais podem influenciar a predisposição para usar estratégias de "coping" específicas. O Estudo 2 explorou o papel destas perceções sociais na associação negativa entre o "stress" minoritário e a saúde mental. Finalmente, utilizámos dados transversais (Estudo 3) e longitudinais (Estudo 4) para avaliar a eficácia das estratégias de "coping", individuais e coletivas como resposta ao "stress" minoritário. De um modo geral, os resultados revelam que as estratégias coletivas, como a identificação com a comunidade LGBTQ+ e o apoio social da mesma, estão associadas a resultados positivos de saúde mental, por comparação a estratégias como estratégias individuais como o distanciamento da comunidade LGBTQ+. Além disso, os nossos resultados indicam que a escolha e a eficácia das estratégias de "coping" são influenciadas pelas perceções sociais das pessoas LG sobre a comunidade LGBTQ+ e pelas suas orientações culturais. Esta tese contribui para a compreensão de como as pessoas LG lidam com o "stress" minoritário, fornecendo apoio a pessoas investigadoras e profissionais que abordam desigualdades de saúde mental relacionadas com a identidade sexual