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Using machine learning to unveil the predictors of intergenerational mobility
No full textWe assess the predictors of intergenerational mobility in income and education for a sample of 137 countries, between 1960 and 2018, using the World Bank's Global Database on Intergenerational Mobility (GDIM). The Rigorous LASSO and the Random Forest and Gradient Boosting algorithms are considered, to avoid the consequences of an ad-hoc model selection in our high dimensionality context. We obtain variable importance plots and analyze the relationships between mobility and its predictors through Shapley values. Results show that intergenerational income mobility is expected to be positively predicted by the parental average education, the share of married individuals and negatively predicted by the share of children that have completed less than primary education, the growth rate of population density, and inequality. Mobility in education is expected to have a positive relationship with the adult literacy, government expenditures on primary education, and the stock of migrants. The unemployment and poverty rates matter for income mobility, although the direction of their relationship is not clear. The same occurs for education mobility and the growth rate of real GDP per capita, the degree of urbanization, the share of female population, and income mobility. Income mobility is found to be greater for the 1960s cohort. Countries belonging to the Latin America and Caribbean region present lower mobility in income and education. We find a positive relationship between predicted income mobility and observed mobility in education.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Prospective avenues in travel behavior research supported by the cognitive dissonance theory: A scoping review
Get PDFRecent findings on the relationship between travel choices and attitudes toward different modes of transport have highlighted the importance of Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory (CDT). Evidence suggests a bidirectional influence between travel behavior and attitudes, making CDT especially relevant. However, little attention has been paid to exploring CDT itself in the transportation domain. We present a scoping review that discusses the concepts defined by the seminal work of Festinger (1957) on CDT and recent considerations from psychology. We also discuss the gaps found in the transportation literature and suggest avenues for future research to enhance CDT’s applicability. A conceptual model is presented to provide a rationale of the theory and four main questions are considered to drive the discussions throughout the paper: (i) How have cognitive dissonance definitions been interpreted and applied in the literature?; (ii) How has the magnitude of inconsistency been measured?; (iii) To which constructs has the cognitive dissonance state been related?; (iv) To what extent have resistances to behavior and attitude changes been considered? Addressing these questions contributed to present clearer definitions about the constructs of CDT, particularly to the term ‘dissonance’, the magnitude of inconsistency function and both resistance to behavioral change and resistance to attitude change. As a result, this paper provides a logical decision-making process regarding travel mode choice, allowing a balance between the assessment of soft and hard policy interventions toward sustainable mobility.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Folie à deux? How Mavericks shape the relationship between the dark triad and negative deviant behaviours through malevolent creativity
Get PDFThis study used the trait activation theory to develop a conceptual model that explained how and when the dark
triad state influenced negative deviant behaviours (NDB). For that, we tested malevolent creativity as a mediating
variable and maverickism as a moderator. Diary data was collected from 54 working adults (324 measurement
occasions). The multilevel results showed that (1) all the DT states had a positive relationship with NDB
through malevolent creativity, and (2) maverickism moderated the indirect effect of machiavellianism and
narcissism, but not for psychopathy. Specifically, the relationship between machiavellianism and narcissism and
NDB via malevolent creativity became stronger for those who scored lower on maverickism. Practical and
theoretical implications are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Out of sight is not out of mind: Associations between perceived maternal attachment and self-representations of youth in residential care moderated by gender and age
Get PDFThe present study aimed to explore the associations between perceived maternal attachment and self-representations of youth in residential care (RC), considering the potential moderator role of youth’s sex and age and the potential concurrent effect of frequency and type of family visits and length of time in RC. To this end, a sample of 659 youth aged 11–18 (M = 15.65, SD = 1.72) from RC settings filled out self-report questionnaires to evaluate their perceptions of maternal attachment and self-representations. Results indicated that lower perceived maternal attachment was associated with higher levels of global negative self-representations. Moreover, compared to young men, young women with lower levels of perceived maternal attachment perceived themselves as having more negative self-representations. No moderating effects of age were found. This study contributes to the literature in the field of RC with evidence regarding the association of perceived maternal attachment with self-representations and the moderating role of youth’s sex, which informs the development of interventions with this vulnerable population.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Return predictability, dividend growth, and the persistence of the price–dividend ratio
Get PDFEmpirical evidence shows that the order of integration of returns and dividend growth is approximately equal to the order of integration of the first-differenced price–dividend ratio, which is about 0.7. Yet the present-value identity implies that the three series should be integrated of the same order. We reconcile this puzzle by showing that the aggregation of antipersistent expected returns and expected dividends gives rise to a price–dividend ratio with properties that mimic long memory in finite samples. In an empirical implementation, we extend and estimate the state-space present-value model by allowing for fractional integration in expected returns and expected dividend growth. This extension improves the model’s forecasting power in-sample and out-of-sample. In addition, expected returns and expected dividend growth modeled as ARFIMA processes are more closely related to future macroeconomic variables, which makes them suitable as leading business cycle indicators.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
IB World Schools in the lusophone world: An exploratory field study in São Paulo, Lisbon and Maputo
No full textThe article provides a global comparison of IB World Schools in the lusophone space, including countries in three different world regions, in response to a lack of research on international education in Portuguese-speaking countries. Following an introduction to the literature on this topic, focusing on a widely known typology of international schools, we present the first results of three case studies of the IB school field in the metropolitan regions of São Paulo, Lisbon and Maputo based on an analysis of school websites, databases and public documents. The study is based on a global comparative approach that enables an analysis of the complex interrelation between global and local actors in education, primarily addressing the school level. We aim to provide some insights on the implementation and development of the IB World Schools in Portuguese-speaking countries, in the light of existing studies on international schools.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Qualitative insights into cancel culture prevention, its potential individual impacts, and how to explore them
Get PDFThe concept of cancel culture has gained traction over the past 10 years, with the continuous rise of social media and online platforms. The limited literature on this topic tends to focus on possible definitions and characteristics. However, we have yet to fully understand how cancel culture, canceling, and canceling prevention impact individuals and their lives. As such, we set out to build an empirical base that would allow us to delimit, understand, and study these individual impacts of cancel culture by proposing a new model—the pressure for a perfect conduct (PPC) model. We interviewed 20 people from different age groups to understand how cancel culture impacts their lives and which variables could be related to the pressure that derives from it. We also gathered data on their opinion regarding our proposed model and key variable, “PPC.” Our results seem to indicate that our model and the PPC variable can be used in the study of cancel culture’s individual impacts. Additionally, participants posited that this pressure negatively impacts individuals’ mental health, opinion construction, and social media participation. Furthermore, they reported that cancelling can be performed by and to anyone, not being limited to powerful figures. Further results and potential future studies are discussed. This work can help unlock future research on the topic by bringing forth a novel way to tackle it, as well as by exploring some of cancel culture’s implications at an individual level.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Designing and implementing SMILE: An AI-driven platform for enhancing clinical decision-making in mental health and neurodivergence management
Get PDFRising levels of anxiety, depression, and burnout among healthcare professionals (HCPs) underscore the urgent need for technology-driven interventions that optimize both clinical decision-making and workforce well-being. This innovation report introduces the Support, Management, Individual, Learning Enablement (SMILE) platform, designed to integrate advanced AI-driven decision support, federated learning for data privacy, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) modules into a single, adaptive solution. A mixed-methods pilot evaluation involved focus groups, structured surveys, and real-world usability tests to capture changes in stress levels, user satisfaction, and perceived value. Quantitative analyses revealed significant reductions in reported stress and support times, alongside notable gains in satisfaction and perceived resource value. Qualitatively, participants praised SMILE’s accessible interface, enhanced peer support, and real-time therapeutic interventions. These findings confirm the feasibility and utility of a holistic, Artificial Intelligence (AI) supported framework for improving mental health outcomes in high-stress clinical environments. Theoretically, SMILE contributes to emerging evidence on integrated AI platforms, while it offers an ethically sound and user-friendly blueprint for improving patient care and staff well-being.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How to conduct valuable marketing research with neurophysiological tools
Get PDFConsumer neuroscience is gaining attention in the marketing field. The growing interest calls for a framework integrating neuroscience in marketing. This paper aims to serve as a practical guide for conducting consumer research using neurophysiological tools. The paper is organized into three main sections. The first section presents a framework for categorizing types of consumer neuroscience research based on four primary research objectives. The following section describes the use of neurophysiological tools in marketing and addresses their roots in their mother disciplines. Specifically, we address electrocardiography, galvanic skin conductance, eye-tracking, electroencephalography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, we refer to emerging measurements from hormones and genes. Likewise, this section highlights the most influential papers, equipment facilities, and software on each tool to support researchers who need to become more familiar with any of those techniques. Third, this paper introduces an integrative framework for consumer neuroscience research in marketing, covering research aims, types of stimuli, changes in organisms, and consumer response processes. In addition to core neuroscience citations, the paper incorporates specific marketing-relevant consumer neuroscience papers to guide research in the marketing field.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Marginality, security, surveillance, crime, imprisonment: Reflections on an intellectual and methodological trajectory
Get PDFThis article engages with contemporary anthropological and ethnographic methodological debates by reflecting on the challenges of conducting research in contexts related with marginality, deviance, surveillance, and imprisonment. It examines the tensions surrounding access, researcher subjectivity, and the positionalities negotiated in the field, emphasizing the epistemological relevance of long-term ethnographic engagement. Rather than treating obstacles, disruptions, and moments of unpredictability as mere hindrances, it considers them as integral to the ethnographic process and as productive sites for generating insight.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio