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IMBUHAN KATA KERJA DAN KATA ADJEKTIF BAHASA IBAN DALAM KAMUS IBAN – MELAYU DEWAN DAN PERTUTURAN LISAN DI KAMPUNG SUNGAI ANAK, SELANGAU
No full textThis study aims to identify, analyse, and compare the types of af ixation in Iban verbs and adjec�tives based on the Kamus Iban–Melayu Dewan and the spoken language of the community in
Kampung Sungai Anak, Selangau. This is a qualitative descriptive study, guided by the genera�tive morphology framework proposed by Aronof and Fudeman (2011), which emphasizes the
systematic and structured formation of words through the combination of morphemes. A total of
200 data items were analysed, consisting of 100 verbs and 100 adjectives selected from the dic�tionary and speech data collected from informants in the field. Various data collection methods
were employed, including text analysis, structured interviews, and audio recordings of natural
speech. The findings show that Iban has a productive and systematic af ixation system involving
prefixes ng-, be-, te-, peN-, suf ixes –ka and circumfixes ng-...-ka, be-...-ka. These af ixes not
only create a range of meanings and grammatical functions, but also reflect the unique morpho�logical structure of the Iban language. Comparative analysis reveals a high degree of similarity
between the af ixed forms found in the dictionary and those in oral usage, although some minor
phonological variations were observed in natural speech. This study contributes to the preser- vation and documentation of the Iban language and is expected to benefit the teaching of local
languages and the development of linguistic resources for the indigenous communities of Sara- wak
Eksplorasi Kognat Dalam Bahasa Kayan: Perbandingan Antara Kayan Baram Dan Belaga
No full textThis study explores the linguistic relationship between the Kayan Baram and Belaga dialects
using a lexicostatistical approach. The research identifies cognates used in daily
communication between the two communities and categorizes them into similarities, near�similarities, and differences. A total of 100 basic Swadesh vocabulary items were compared,
revealing that 91% of the items are cognates, while the rest display significant phonetic
variation or no clear etymological relation. These results suggest that Kayan Baram and
Belaga belong to the same language family and exhibit a high level of mutual intelligibility.
This research contributes to the documentation and preservation of indigenous languages,
particularly among the Orang Ulu community in Sarawak
Pemahaman Nilai Budaya Melayu dalam Lirik Lagu Tradisional Melayu Karya Pak Ngah melalui Tujuh Jenis Makna Leech
No full textThis study aims to explore the implicit cultural values embedded in traditional Malay song
lyrics composed by the renowned composer Pak Ngah (Datuk Suhaimi Mohd Zain), using a
semantic approach based on Leech’s (1974) Theory of Seven Types of Meaning. The study
seeks to identify lesser-understood words within the lyrics, categorize them according to
Leech’s seven meanings (conceptual, connotative, stylistic, affective, reflective, collocative,
and thematic) and explain their relationship to Malay cultural values. A qualitative content
analysis was conducted on fifteen purposively selected songs based on cultural elements, poetic
language style, and thematic relevance to Malay identity. Findings reveal that each semantic
dimension enriches the interpretation of the lyrics and aids in conveying cultural messages in
subtle yet profound ways. The analysis demonstrates that the use of poetic expressions, natural
symbolism, and culturally rooted collocations contribute to multi layered meanings that
strengthen the presence of Malay cultural identity in the lyrics. This study not only addresses
gaps in linguistic and cultural studies but also offers practical contributions to arts education
and the preservation of national heritage. Overall, the findings affirm that traditional Malay
song lyrics serve as a vital medium for sustaining cultural values and national identity,
deserving attention from both current and future generation
KAJIAN FONOLOGI BAHASA IBAN REMUN DI SERIAN, SARAWAK.
No full textIban language is a branch of the Malayic language family. In Sarawak, only the Standard
Iban variety is widely recognized and spoken. Meanwhile, Iban Remun is another Ibanic
variety but has received less scholarly attention. Based on linguistic studies, no research has
been conducted on the phonology of Iban Remun, specifically in terms of vowel, consonant, and diphthong phonemes, as well as phonological processes. This study employs a
descriptive approach using qualitative methods. The analysis results show that several
phonemes present in the Malay language are not used in Iban Remun, such as /α/ and /ɔ/
(vowels), /q/, /r/, and /z/ (consonants), and the diphthong /oi/. This study found that the
consonant phoneme /r/ does not exist and is replaced with /ɣ/. Similarly, the phoneme /k/ is
rarely used in Iban Remun, particularly at the end of words. Additionally, many words that
contain the phoneme /h/ at the beginning of words undergo deletion in this language. For
example, the word [hati] in Malay becomes [ati] in Iban Remun. This study is significant as it
contributes to a deeper understanding of the Iban Remun languag
ANALISIS SEMANTIK LEKSIKAL DALAM BUKU LEKA MAIN ASAL IBAN
No full textThis study explores a lexical semantic analysis of the book Leka Main Asal Iban, focusing on
five main aspects: synonymy, complementary antonyms, relational antonyms, hyponymy, and
meronymy. This approach aims to provide a deeper understanding of the semantic
relationships between words in a text that reflects the traditional games of the Iban
community. The findings reveal that synonyms are used to enrich meaning variations without
altering the original context, demonstrating the subtlety of language in conveying oral
culture. Complementary and relational antonyms serve to highlight oppositions and
relationships between elements involved in the games, such as opponents and teammates, winning and losing, or young and old. The aspect of hyponymy assists in classifying the
various types of games and tools used, showcasing a hierarchical structure in the related
vocabulary. Meronymy is also identified in describing part-whole relationships, particularly
in the context of physical components such as body parts or game equipment. Overall, the
analysis shows that lexical semantic elements in Leka Main Asal Iban not only strengthen the
conveyance of meaning but also reflect the cultural richness and cognitive structure of the
Iban people. The study contributes to linguistic understanding of ethnolinguistic texts and
supports the preservation of the Iban language heritage through a systematic semantic
approac
AI Usage and Job Transformation in Malaysia: Examining Workforce Awareness and Behavioural Change
No full textThe emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant transformation to the modern work environment, particularly in aspects of productivity, task automation, and decision-making effectiveness. However, the success of AI implementation in the workplace greatly depends on employees’ level of awareness and their readiness to adapt their behaviour toward the technology. This study was conducted to assess employees’ awareness of AI usage and to analyse the relationship between such awareness and changes in work behaviour among employees across various sectors in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was employed using a questionnaire as the main instrument, consisting of four sections: demographics, awareness of AI, behavioural changes, and open-ended questions. A total of 38 respondents were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were analysed using SPSS software through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed that respondents demonstrated a high level of awareness of AI (overall mean = 4.13), although only a small proportion had received formal AI-related training. The behavioural change results indicated a moderate inclination toward positive outcomes, particularly in terms of increased confidence and improved work efficiency. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a moderate and statistically significant relationship between awareness and behavioural change (r = .491, p = .002). These results align with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), underscoring the critical role of AI literacy as a foundation for technology adoption and organizational transformation. The implications suggest that organizations should implement structured training programs and cultivate a workplace culture that promotes the responsible use of AI. The study further recommends targeted interventions focusing on awareness-building, AI ethics, and institutional support to empower employees in navigating the digital transformation era.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, AI awareness, Behavioural change, workplace, Technological literac
MANUAL ISTIADAT PENGEBUMIAN PEMBESAR SARAWAK
No full textIstiadat pengebumian pembesar Sarawak merupakan
satu upacara penuh adat dan penghormatan yang mencerminkan warisan budaya serta sistem pemerintahan negeri. Istiadat ini dilaksanakan bagi memberi penghormatan terakhir kepada individu yang telah menyumbang jasa besar kepada negeri, seperti Yang di-Pertua Negeri, Premier atau tokoh-tokoh
utama kerajaan. Upacara ini melibatkan protokol rasmi kerajaan, adat istiadat tempatan, dan elemen keagamaan yang
bersesuaian dengan latar belakang orang yang disantuni.
Lazimnya, istiadat ini disertai oleh pemimpin-pemimpin
negara dan negeri, wakil kerajaan persekutuan dan
negeri, ketua masyarakat, dan rakyat jelata yang hadir
untuk memberikan penghormatan terakhir dalam
suasana penuh tertib dan hormat. Terdapat Tiga (3)
kategori Pembesar Wilayah yang layak menerima
perkhidmatan Istiadat Pengebumian Pembesar Sarawak
Harnessing AI for COVID-19 Mitigation in Indonesia
No full textThe Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly challenged healthcare systems around the world, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. This research explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in addressing various aspects of the pandemic, including diagnosis, prediction, telemedicine, and public health management. A systematic review of literature and case studies was conducted to analyze AI-driven approaches implemented in Indonesia. The findings reveal that AI technologies such as intelligent diagnostic systems, machine learning models, and mobile-based health solutions have contributed to mitigating the spread and impact of COVID-19. Despite the progress, challenges remain,
including data privacy concerns and limited access to AI-driven healthcare tools. The study highlights the need for further integration of AI in healthcare policies and proposes recommendations for enhancing AI-driven public health interventions.
Future research should focus on improving AI accessibility and ethical considerations in developing nations
Penerapan Algoritma Propagasi Balik Jaringan Saraf Tiruan untuk Prediksi Produksi Sumur Gas di Sumatera Bagian Selatan
No full textPrediksi produksi gas merupakan langkah penting untuk mendukung perencanaan dan pengelolaan sektor energi minyak dan gas (migas) suatu negara atau wilayah. Artificial Neural Network(ANN) termasuk metode yang efektif untuk melakukan prediksi, namun tantangannya adalah menentukan jumlah neuron dan hidden layeryang optimal agar akurasi prediksi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang arsitektur ANN dengan algoritma backpropagationuntuk memprediksi produksi sumur gas. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data produksi gas, pre-processing data, pemrosesan prediksi, pengujian akurasi dan error, serta implementasi. Data penelitian mencakup catatan produksi harian sumur gas alam dari Januari hingga Desember 2022, yang digunakan sebagai dataset pelatihan dan pengujian model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur ANN 16-4-1 dengan fungsi aktivasi sigmoidmenghasilkan akurasi terbaik sebesar 99,978% dan nilai MAPE terendah sebesar 2,192%. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa model yang dihasilkan mampu merepresentasikan pola kompleksitas data historis produksi harian secara akurat, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pengelola lapangan migas untuk perencanaan produksi, optimasi operasi, dan pengambilan keputusan strategis di sektor energi
Exploring the reproductive toxicity and mechanism analysis of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorononanoic acid based on network toxicology, molecular docking, and experimental validation
No full textThis study combined network toxicology, molecular docking, and animal experiments to systematically investigate the reproductive toxicity and potential mechanisms of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). In total, 173 and 151 male infertility–related targets were identified for PFOA and PFNA, respectively, with key targets including AKT1, ESR1, EGFR, and HSP90AA1. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement of pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)–protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and forkhead box O. Molecular docking predicted favorable binding affinities (all binding energies less than –7 kcal/mol) between each compound and the core targets, suggesting potential biological relevance. Because PFOA and PFNA share structural similarity and overlapping target profiles, PFOA was selected as the representative compound for experimental exposure. In vivo studies showed that PFOA exposure led to significant downregulated expression of PI3K, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in mouse testes at mRNA and phosphorylation levels. Additionally, PFOA exposure caused disruptions in serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels; increased oxidative stress markers (elevated malondialdehyde and reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione); and induced sperm DNA fragmentation and morphologic abnormalities. Histological analysis revealed testicular structural damage, germ cell disorganization, and increased apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that PFOA and PFNA likely exert reproductive toxicity through interference with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, leading to oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and reduced spermatogenesis