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Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models for the analysis of interregional mobility of patients undergoing joint arthroplasty in Italy
No full textGaining insight into the drivers of patient mobility in joint replacement procedures
is crucial for evidence-based healthcare planning and policy evaluation. However,
traditional indices commonly used to describe mobility, such as the Attraction
Index and the Escape Index, provide only static, ratio-based measures and fail
to capture the spatio-temporal dynamics that shape patient flows. This work
develops and applies Bayesian hierarchical spatio-temporal models to study patient
mobility in joint arthroplasty, with a particular focus on total ankle replacement
in Italy. The proposed approach integrates spatial modeling, temporal trends, and
relevant covariates, offering a more robust framework than descriptive indices alone.
Furthermore, it incorporates a soft constraint in the likelihood to align the estimated
annual totals with observed or externally estimated values. The proposed models
demonstrate promising accuracy, effectively capture the spatio-temporal dynamics
underlying patient mobility, and can be employed to develop forecasting strategies
to inform future healthcare planning
A methodology for tsunami inundation numerical simulations relying on inputs from probabilistic databases
No full textA new methodology to link datasets of regional Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assess-
ment (PTHA) with inputs for numerical simulation site-specific tsunami inundation was
developed. The present study focused on the NEAMTHM18, which is a PTHA database
developed for earthquake-generated tsunamis mapping the North Eastern Atlantic, the
Mediterranean, and connected seas coasts. This approach was motivated by the need to
use PTHA frameworks as a foundation to provide boundary conditions to detailed tsunami
inundation simulations. The proposed methodology was organised into three subsequent
steps, starting from the definition of the hazard indicator. This step is followed by the
definition of a finite set of incident free water surface time series after defining some ad-
ditional hypotheses. Finally, inundation simulations were carried out and used as the basis
of successive aggregated hazard maps. The methodology was demonstrated by applying
it to the Messina Strait, focusing on three different interest areas, for which aggregated
hazard maps were obtained and compared to simplified inundation maps already available
from government agencies. These latter were shown to overestimate the inundation maps
obtained with the high-resolution simulations, while at the same time being consistent.
This highlighted the necessity of carrying out these additional studies when designing
critical infrastructures. The prediction of more limited inundation areas in this study is
then associated, in contrast to previously developed simplified inundation maps, to the
ability of this new method to consider the effect of the coast with high resolution, which
is essential for reliable hazard assessment. Additionally, this study also suggested that the
use of the N-WAVE theory might be appropriate for these types of studies. The results
were also qualitatively compared with historical data from the 1908 Messina Strait tsu-
nami. Finally, the present study helps to highlight the needs of end users when conducting
detailed tsunami modelling and infrastructure design, applying PTHA databases that have
been already developed. These needs might then be used as foundational requirements for
future developments of PTHA tools
Collective bargaining for self-employed persons in the European Union. The approach of the Court of Justice
No full textThe paper analyses the relationship between the principle of free competition in the European internal market and trade union freedoms in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on collective bargaining for self-employed persons
Study of superconducting magnets for a Muon Collider
No full textFuture high-energy particle colliders will require superconducting magnet systems capable of generating high magnetic fields, enabling accelerator designs that are more compact and energy efficient, while maintaining mechanical stability and operational reliability under extreme conditions. Among the proposed concepts, the Muon Collider represents a particularly promising option for extending the energy frontier in a sustainable way, combining high center-of-mass energy with reduced synchrotron radiation losses. In accordance with the guidelines set forth in the Updated European
Strategy for Particle Physics, the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) has been established to assess the feasibility of a muon collider facility operating at a center-of-mass energy of 10 TeV. The primary challenges arise from the short muon lifetime at rest, limited to 2.2 μs, which imposes severe constraints on the design and operation of the machine. Meeting these demanding conditions requires the use of advanced technologies in magnets, RF systems, targets, shielding, and cooling. To minimize the formation of collimated neutrino beams generated by muon decay and to reduce the radiation background around the facility, the straight sections of the collider ring must be kept as short as possible. This objective can be achieved by integrating beam optics quadrupoles with bending dipoles that combine
a high magnetic field (>10 T) and gradient (>100 T/m) within a large aperture (∼140 mm). These stringent constraints call for cutting-edge solutions in material selection, mechanical design, quench protection, shielding, and cryogenic systems.
This work explores the performance limits of potential candidate materials for dipole, quadrupole and sextupole magnets, specifically Low-Temperature Superconductors (LTS) such as NbTi and Nb3Sn, and High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) such as REBCO, in terms of maximum achievable field, mechanical stress, and stored energy. An original methodology has been developed to investigate the accessible parameter space using both analytical models and finite-element simulations performed in ANSYS, automated through a Python interface. This approach allows a systematic exploration of magnet geometries, identifying feasible configurations for dipoles, quadrupoles, and sextupoles.
Finally, the study has been extended to combined-function magnets, capable of simultaneously generating dipole and quadrupole, or dipole and sextupole, field components within the same aperture. This configuration allows the beam to be bent during focusing, defocusing, and chromaticity correction stages, thereby reducing straight sections and significantly mitigating the issue of neutrino flux at ground level
Eugenio Morelli: a pioneer of pneumotherapy and his portable apparatus for artificial pneumothorax
No full textEarly in the 20th century, Eugenio Morelli was a key
figure in Italian respiratory medicine. A student of
Carlo Forlanini, he developed the field of pneumotherapy
through physiological study, surgical innovation, and
technological refinement. His most important discovery
was the development of a portable apparatus for artificial
pneumothorax, widely used during World War 1. The
early 20th century was marked by an increase in cases of
pulmonary tuberculosis and major changes in the treatment
of thoracopulmonary trauma. Artificial pneumothorax,
introduced by Forlanini in the late 19th century, became a
cornerstone therapy before the antibiotic era
Esporre l'antico Egitto. Nota a margine di una mostra recente
No full textIl contributo esplora il rapporto tra Egittologia e pratiche museali, partendo da una recente mostra temporanea per sviluppare alcune considerazioni su modi, temi, scelte, esigenze di studio e comunicazione nella rap-presentazione pubblica dell'antico Egitt
Spatial Analysis of Urban Decay: Spillover Effects and Significant Patterns for the City of Rome (Italy)
No full textContemporary cities face multiple complex challenges, including those related to the social, environmental, and economic aspects of urban decay. This phenomenon represents a critical issue for both built and non-built environments, potentially compromising the achievement of sustainable urban development goals. The spatial patterns of urban decay contain valuable information for developing targeted policies and understanding the causes and effects of its territorial distribution, revealing how urban areas interact and influence each other. The aim of this study is to identify the spillover effects and the most significant spatial patterns of urban decay in the city of Rome (Italy). The application of spatial correlation techniques, such as the bivariate Moran’s index, enables the identification of significant relationships between key aspects of urban decay, using a set of indicators capable of representing the social, environmental, and economic dynamics of the phenomenon in Rome.
The results confirm the necessity of considering the spatial dimension of phenomena such as urban decay in urban planning, taking into account the interactions between different areas. Specifically, within the Grande Raccordo Anulare (GRA), which includes the historic center and consolidated residential areas of the city, the analysis has shown that some critical issues are concentrated in specific areas but generate spillover effects in adjacent zones. These findings support the implementation of priority urban regeneration strategies, providing an objective and comprehensive framework to facilitate the achievement of sustainable urban development goals
‘I Don't Care, So I Don't Participate’: Exploring the Role of Empathic Concern and Prosociality in the Relationship Between System Justification and Collective Action Intentions
No full textIn recent years, researchers have investigated the relationship between the tendency to justify the system and the collective ac-tion intentions; in particular, justifying the status quo has a detrimental effect on the intentions to undertake progressive collec-tive action. In the present research, we explore this relationship, hypothesizing a possible role of empathic concern and prosocialorientation as key factors in explaining why justifying the system may lead people to avoid participating in collective actions. Weexplored the role of empathic concern (Studies 1–3) and prosocial orientation (Study 4) in the relationship between system justi-fication and collective action intentions in different social domains (i.e., migrants and LGBTQ+ rights, economic inequalities,and gender pay gap). Results from these studies support our hypothesis: justifying the system seems to be indirectly associatedwith lower intentions to participate in collective actions by lowering empathic concern and prosocial orientation. Implications,limits, and future directions are discussed
“DEBUNKING ETHICS”: UNA PROSPETTIVA EVOLUTIVA SULL’ANTIREALISMO MORALE.
No full textLa tesi indaga il rapporto tra evoluzionismo darwiniano e metaetica, mostrando come la genealogia naturale del senso morale ponga sfide decisive al realismo morale contemporaneo. A partire dalla frattura introdotta da Darwin nella concezione teleologica della natura, il lavoro analizza le implicazioni che una spiegazione evolutiva della moralità esercita sulla possibilità di considerare i giudizi morali come oggettivi, veri o epistemicamente giustificati. Attraverso una ricostruzione storico‐filosofica della ricezione vittoriana dell’evoluzionismo—da Paley a Mivart e Cobbe—si evidenzia come la selezione naturale abbia progressivamente eroso l’idea di un ordine morale inscritto nella natura, aprendo la via a prospettive antirealiste.
La tesi esplora quindi i principali nodi della metaetica contemporanea (semantici, metafisici, epistemologici e psicologici) alla luce degli Evolutionary Debunking Arguments, con particolare riferimento alle proposte di Joyce, Street e Ruse. Le evidenze provenienti da neuroscienze, etologia comparata e psicologia evoluzionistica—da de Waal a Tomasello—mostrano la continuità filogenetica e ontogenetica dei meccanismi empatici e cooperativi, confermando il ruolo centrale di emozioni quali simpatia, indignazione e senso di colpa nell’architettura morale umana.
Nell’ultima parte, la tesi sviluppa una proposta originale: una giustificazione evolutiva del finzionalismo sentimentalista, secondo cui la moralità, pur priva di fondamento ontologico oggettivo, mantiene un ruolo normativo indispensabile come finzione regolativa che coordina l’azione collettiva, sostiene la cooperazione e stabilizza le istituzioni sociali. Attraverso una valutazione critica delle alternative abolizioniste e delle principali teorie normative, si sostiene che una versione evolutivamente informata dell’utilitarismo offra la finzione normativa più robusta, capace di conciliare motivazione, inclusione e progresso morale inteso non come avvicinamento a verità morali, ma come ampliamento delle capacità cooperative della specie
Roma è Rome. Traduzioni cartografiche di un disturbo identitario
No full textUn’inquietudine esistenziale affligge Roma dal Dopoguerra all’era digitale; nel ricercarsi, la città si trova sdoppiata, moltiplicata nelle personalità, nell’essenza, nell’apparenza e nell’opinione di chi da fuori la osserva. Roma vs Rome, due traduzioni, due tradimenti, due anime in un solo corpo urbano. Vi è nell’idea di Roma un disturbo identitario che opera in bilico tra realtà e suo simulacro. «Roma è soprattutto un'atmosfera, una luce, un clima», Quaroni nel ricercarne l’immagine la ritrae come consistenza instabile, mutevole e accecante, onnipresente. Roma è una lingua, nel tradursi restituisce differenti visioni e interpretazioni. Roma fuori Roma è Rome, costruita a immagine e somiglianza di un ideale raccontato, reiterato, divelto dal reale attraverso guide, racconti, cartoline e fotografie, prodotte nel tempo da autori e turisti