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Hybridization effects on the magnetic ground state of ruthenium in double perovskite La2ZnRu1−xTixO6
No full textAn exotic quantum mechanical ground state, i.e. the non-magnetic Jeff = 0 state, has been predicted for higher transition metal t 2 g 4 systems, due to the influence of strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) or in other words, due to unquenched orbital moment contribution. However, previous attempts to experimentally realize such a state in 5d4 systems had mostly been clouded by solid-state effects or the reduced strength of the renormalized SOC that might allow significant triplon condensation. Interestingly, a recent study on vacancy ordered double perovskite compound K2RuCl6 by Takahashi et al (2021 Phys. Rev. Lett. 127 227201) concluded that even within LS coupling regime the Ru4+ 4d4 ions, within isolated RuCl6 octahedra, strongly accommodate J multiplets having Jeff = 0 as the ground state with weakly interacting Jeff = 1 excitation, due to large unquenced Ru orbital angular momentum in the system. In the present report, we show results from the double perovskite La2ZnRuO6, where Ru4+ ions form isolated RuO6 octahedra but unlike K2RuCl6, they remain chemically connected via corner-sharing with nonmagnetic ZnO6 octahedra. Next, we move on to separate out the RuO6 octahedra further by doping the Ru-site with Ti4+, in order to probe the character of the Ru4+ ions within a different structural background. We find that the system stabilizes in P2 1 / n space group with tilted octahedra without distortion as has been confirmed by the x-ray powder diffraction and x-ray absorption spectroscopic studies. Interestingly, the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic valance band spectra indicated certain inhomogeneity around the half-doping region, while confirming insulating ground state for all. Moreover, unlike the vacancy ordered double perovskite cases, it is observed that here the Ru orbital angular momentum gets substantially quenched and only the Ru spin magnetic moments are realized
Cubesat solar polarimeter (CUSP) sensitivity estimation and performance optimization using Geant4
No full textThe CUbesat Solar Polarimeter (CUSP) aims to measure the linear polarization of solar flares in the 25-100 keV X-ray band using a Compton scattering polarimeter. CUSP will allow us to study the magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in the flaring magnetic structures of our star by providing high-sensitivity polarization measurements. CUSP is a project in the framework of the Alcor Program∗ of the Italian Space Agency aimed to develop innovative CubeSat technologies and missions. As part of CUSP's Phase B study, which began in December 2024 and will continue for one year, we present the development status of the Geant4 based simulator to accurately simulate the detector's response and initial results on the sensitivity of the instrument. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the physical interactions of the source photons with the detector and the passive materials. We implemented a detailed CUSP Mass Model within Geant4 to simulate and estimate the instrument's sensitivity, correcting the geometric effects of the instrument. We also evaluated the effect of backscattering shielding on the sensitivity to optimize the mass model of the instrument
More sustainable choices in the workplace: a systematic review of nudge theory applications
No full textNudge theory proposes subtle changes to the choice environment to influence
behavior without restricting autonomy. This scoping review investigates the
application of nudging strategies within workplace settings to promote proenvironmental
behaviors among employees. Sixteen peer-reviewed empirical
studies were selected using PRISMA guidelines from four major databases. The
analysis examines the characteristics of the selected studies, theoretical definitions
of nudging, intervention types, and observed effectiveness. Findings show a notable
increase in publications from 2020 onward, reflecting growing academic and
institutional interest in sustainable organizational practices. Most studies are based
in high-income Western countries, particularly within the tertiary sector. A clear
heterogeneity emerged in how nudging is defined, with only half of the studies
explicitly referencing Thaler and Sunstein’s classical framework. Others relied
on broader psychological theories, such as social norms or cognitive biases,
often without operational clarity. The nudges identified were classified into five
categories: informational, reminders and notifications, financial incentives, nonfinancial
incentives, and positioning and default options. Informational nudges
and reminders were most commonly applied due to their low intrusiveness and
implementation costs, but positioning and incentive-based strategies showed
promising results in certain organizational contexts. Effectiveness was highest
when nudges were paired with tangible incentives, required minimal effort, and
were socially supported by leadership or peers. Conversely, interventions targeting
high-cost behaviors or lacking enabling infrastructure were less successful. A lack
of long-term follow-up assessments also limits conclusions about the durability
of effects. This review highlights the need for consistent operational definitions,
context-sensitive design, and longitudinal research. It emphasizes the importance
of integrating behavioral insights into organizational structures and processes to
foster environmentally responsible behaviors at work and beyond
‘Gettate’ nella vulnerabilità: percorsi di self-empowerment al femminile
No full textIl presente contributo mira a evidenziare come le donne ancora oggi siano “gettate” nel mondo, come soggetti "vulnerabili". Le si considera cioè persone bisognose, svalutando in molti contesti le loro capacità. Questo comporta il privarle della possibilità di decidere autonomamente della loro esistenza, non considerando il consenso come una pratica di libertà, ma risolvendolo in una semplice risposta, spesso affermativa, inibendo così i desideri più autentici.
Tale situazione inevitabilmente rischia di esporre maggiormente le donne alla violenza. È necessario, pertanto, un lavoro pedagogico che non solo valorizzi le differenze e l’approccio delle capacità per uno sviluppo autentico, dove le scelte siano l’esito di un percorso di consapevolezza e non di aspettative imposte, ma anche che contribuisca alla costruzione di spazi in grado di trasformare il margine in possibilità, rafforzando le reti tra donne. Dopo un’analisi dei costrutti teorici, in riferimento alle categorie di fragilità, vulnerabilità e violenza, l’intervento si focalizzerà pertanto sulle storie di vita e sulla voce di alcune donne, in particolare di quelle private della libertà
Lealtà e verità nella vita dell'avvocato
No full textIl saggio offre un'analisi sistematica dei doveri di probità, lealtà e verità dell'avvocato, considerati non solo nella dimensione strettamente professionale, ma anche nella sfera privata. L'indagine prende avvio dalle disposizioni del codice deontologico forense, che impongono al difensore condotte improntate alla correttezza nei rapporti con colleghi, clienti e terzi, vietando comportamenti sleali, situazioni di conflitto di interessi e l'impiego di prove false. Un'attenzione particolare è riservata al rapporto strutturale tra verità e giustizia, individuato quale fondamento della funzione sociale dell'avvocato, chiamato ad agire come mediatore e garante della fiducia collettiva nel sistema giuridico. L'autore analizza, inoltre, le ricadute disciplinari e processuali derivanti dalle condotte difformi, soffermandoci sul dovere dell'avvocato di orientare il cliente al rispetto dei suoi obblighi giuridici. Lo studio si conclude evidenziando come la violazione di tali principi comprometta in modo irreparabile la credibilità della professione forense e svuoti di significato la sua missione essenziale: contribuire, in modo leale e trasparente, alla realizzazione della giustizia
