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Welfare digitale granulare e invecchiamento della popolazione
No full textLe politiche sociali rappresentano una delle forme con cui assicurare il diritto all’autodeterminazione e al libero sviluppo della persona, e sono quindi per loro natura indirizzate a tutti coloro per i quali quei diritti possano essere effettivamente o potenzialmente limitati da sfavorevoli condizioni biologiche, ambientali, sociali, ovvero ai soggetti fragili o vulnerabili. L’utilizzo delle tecnologie digitali permette di identificare le condizioni di vulnerabilità grazie alla integrazione e la lettura congiunta dei dati riguardanti le condizioni di salute, la posizione economica e sociale, il contesto ambientale di ogni cittadino. Stratificare la popolazione in relazione al livello di fragilità e vulnerabilità permetterebbe un significativo miglioramento degli interventi preventivi, di cura e di supporto. Il contributo analizza le opportunità e le condizioni giuridiche, nonché i rischi, legati all’attuazione di politiche di sociali pubbliche basate sulla stratificazione della popolazione
Modern pigments in street art: stability of monoazo and isoindoline yellows mixed with 2PbCO3‧Pb(OH)2, ZnO, and TiO2 white pigments
No full textThe physical and chemical stability of commercial monoazo (PY1) and isoindoline (PY139) yellow pigments was investigated when dispersed in linseed oil and combined with three inorganic white pigments: 2PbCO3‧Pb(OH)2, ZnO, and TiO2, forming binary and ternary mixtures. These systems were subjected to accelerated aging in a climatic chamber at 30 °C and 60 % RH. Surface and subsurface changes induced by artificial aging were analyzed using a multi-technique approach, including colorimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflectance mode (ATR-FTIR), micro-Raman Spectroscopy (μ-RS), and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Evident color changes were observed, highlighting the impact of metal oxides on the degradation of yellow pigments. Titanium white promoted marked degradation at the surface level, leading to the near-complete disappearance of the yellow components. This effect was attributed to the photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2. Conversely, despite its known photocatalytic properties, ZnO did not trigger significant degradation, a result linked to its larger particle size, which limited its reactivity. 2PbCO3‧Pb(OH)2, on the other hand, mainly affected the oil binder's drying process and promoted chemical oxidation of the finely dispersed fraction of the yellow pigments, while leaving larger, undegraded aggregates unevenly distributed across the surface. These findings shed light on pigment-metal oxide interactions in modern paint systems and offer valuable insight for understanding the long-term behavior of such materials in contemporary artworks and street art exposed to outdoor environments
L’architettura del Rinascimento. Storia e geografia
No full textIl volume racconta per la prima volta la storia dell’architettura
del Rinascimento attraverso la lente della geografia, intesa in varie
accezioni: la relazione tra gli aspetti fisici del territorio e l’impiego
di specifici materiali e tecniche costruttive; il legame fra le componenti
culturali e identitarie di un luogo, quali il ruolo del paesaggio
o delle tradizioni locali, e le scelte progettuali; la rappresentazione
cartografica e le tecniche di rilievo; la mobilità degli architetti
e delle idee, veicolate dai trattati sull’arte del costruire. In quindici
saggi, incentrati prevalentemente sulla penisola italiana in una
cronologia che coincide con un lungo Cinquecento, il libro dimostra
come la configurazione del territorio e le sue componenti materiali
e immateriali abbiano determinato le caratteristiche formali,
costruttive e culturali di ogni progetto, proponendo una lettura
alternativa alla storia del Rinascimento raccontata attraverso
la biografia dei grandi architetti
Interfacial Magnetic Coupling in NiFe 2 O 4 –CoO Nanosystems with Core–Satellite Morphology
No full textAchieving precise control over nanostructures is the key to unlocking new functionalities in magnetic materials. Here, we present the synthesis of a NiFe2O4-CoO (NFO-CO) nanocomposite, where CO selectively nucleates onto spinel NFO seeds, forming distinctive core-satellite architectures. Structural analysis confirms that NFO retains its crystallinity, while TEM captures the chemical contact between NFO cores and CO satellites, which causes a remarkable enhancement in coercivity and a pronounced exchange bias effect, revealing strong interfacial interactions, in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings highlight the significance of tailoring the morphology for material design in magnetism
John von Neumann (1093-1957) y Andrej Nikolaevic Kolmogorov (1903-1987): vidas paralelas y el papel de las matemáticas en la comprensión de la realidad John von Neumann (1903-1957) and Andrey Nikolaevic Kolmogorov (1903-1987)'s bioi paralleloi and the role of mathematics in the understanding of the world
No full textThis contribution draws parallels between the figures and aspects of the intellectual journeys of two great scientists trained in Europe, John von Neumann (1903–1957) and Andrej Nikolaevic Kolmogorov (1903–1987). It explores a classical view of the connection between mathematical knowledge and the human effort to understand reality that they shared. This view had its fulcrum in the field of classical mechanics (in which they interacted directly, albeit at different times in their lives), although for both of them, as 20th-century scholars, technological knowledge and disciplines dedicated to the study of the inanimate world could be enriched by the concepts and approaches characteristic of mathematics. This “panmathematical” conception declines the mathesis universalis in an advanced phase of the scientific-technological revolution.En esta contribución se traza un paralelismo entre las figuras y aspectos de los itinerarios intelectuales de dos grandes científicos de formación europea, John von Neumann (1093-1957) y Andrej Nikolaevic Kolmogorov (1903-1987). Se explora una visión clásica de la conexión entre los saberes matemáticos y el esfuerzo del ser humano por comprender la realidad que compartieron. Tal visión tenía su fulcro en el territorio de la mecánica clásica (en el que interaccionaron directamente, aunque en momentos separados de sus vidas), aunque para ambos, como estudiosos del siglo XX, tanto los sistemas tecnológicos como las disciplinas dedicadas al estudio del mundo inanimado podían ser fecundados por las concepciones y enfoques característicos de las matemáticas. Tal concepción “panmatemática” declina la mathesis universalis en una fase avanzada de la revolución científico-tecnológica
Physical Characterization of the Greater Alpine Crust as Inferred by Seismic Data
No full textThe Alpine orogen, together with the adjacent Apennines, Dinarides, their forelands, and surrounding sedimentary basins, represents one of the most studied regions on Earth. Many geological, geophysical, and geodynamic models that are now applied worldwide were first developed, tested, and validated in this area. Although it is one of the most intensively studied orogenic systems in the world, most existing geophysical models rely on isotropic seismic velocities and neglect anelastic and thermodynamic effects. Therefore, fundamental physical properties such as attenuation, temperature, composition, and anisotropy remain poorly constrained, limiting our ability to relate present-day seismic structures to their tectonic and geodynamic evolution. Recent advances in passive seismic imaging, particularly ambient noise interferometry and dense broadband networks, now make it possible to resolve these parameters at regional scale. In this thesis, we use the extensive publicly available seismic data from the greater Alpine region to conduct three complementary analyses: (i) an investigation of Rayleigh-wave attenuation in the Alpine crust using ambient noise, (ii) a study that combines seismic observables from ambient noise and receiver functions to perform thermodynamic modeling of the crust, and (iii) an analysis of the radial anisotropy of the crust and upper mantle based on Rayleigh and Love waves obtained from both ambient noise and earthquake data. Together, the estimates of attenuation, velocity, temperature, composition, and anisotropy across these studies allow us to understand how different physical properties jointly and independently explain the processes that develop from the upper mantle to the surface. We identify an anticorrelation between surface-wave velocity and attenuation, which enables us to evaluate the role of fluid-filled fractures in the dissipation of seismic energy and to infer their distribution within the crust. High attenuation in tectonically active areas indicates that fluid-filled fractures play a dominant role in the dissipation of seismic energy and that attenuation systematically decreases with increasing crustal age and tectonic quiescence. Quantifying variations in temperature and crustal composition enable us to distinguish a relatively colder, silica-rich Variscan crust from a hotter, more mafic Alpine–Apenninic crust, while also revealing systematic discrepancies between observed seismic velocities and those predicted by mineral-physics models. Finally, the radial anisotropy of the crust and upper mantle provides key evidence of collisional dynamics, allowing us to identify radial anisotropy patterns that serve as proxies for subsurface deformation and orogenic processes. Overall, these results demonstrate that the integration of complementary seismic observables provides a unified framework to relate physical properties to the tectonic and geodynamic evolution of the Alpine–Apennine–Dinaride system
Articolo 76
No full textBreve commento rivolto a mettere in luce le trasformazioni dell'istituto della delega legislativa e i profili di mancata attuazione dell'art. 76 Cost
Multiperiod alternative service optimization responding to joint disruptions in multimodal transit systems
No full textBesides disruptions within individual bus or metro transit systems, joint disruptions can occur in multimodal transit systems, which are typically more prolonged and extensive. This paper focuses on joint metro station closures and road disruptions over an entire day, divided into several time periods with various passenger demands and bus travel times. In response, alternative metro services are scheduled to skip the closed stations, while affected bus routes are adapted to provide alternative bus services. We simultaneously optimize adaptive bus routes, vehicle frequencies, and passenger demand assignment to develop multiperiod alternative metro and bus services. Notably, alternative service optimization within each time period is integrated to maintain bus link consistency, enhancing service reliability and passenger travel satisfaction. A novel discount-based strategy is introduced to balance bus link consistency with alternative service effectiveness. For the studied problem, we develop an integer non-linear programming model based on the set of candidate passenger paths, aiming to minimize total passenger and operation costs with discounts. Afterwards, to efficiently generate passenger paths and solve the model, we propose an innovative link-sequence-based column generation with station clustering. In our column generation, we iteratively solve an aggregated restricted master problem and simpler pricing subproblems to first generate passengers' link sequences, which are subsequently expanded to passenger paths by solving a series of tailored expansion models. Additionally, a priority-based rule is incorporated into column generation to avoid generating duplicate link sequences. A station clustering procedure is developed to reduce the problem size of column generation, further improving computational efficiency. Finally, we validate our methodology using mid-and large-scale instances in Beijing, as well as performing comparative and sensitivity analyses
