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À la recherche des paysans cachés. Sul potenziale informativo dei “papiri di Ravenna” (secoli V-VIII)
No full textIl contributo intende ragionare sui limiti e sul potenziale informativo dei cosiddetti “papiri di Ravenna”, documenti altomedievali un tempo conservati presso l’archivio arcivescovile della città e oggi sparsi in diverse istituzioni culturali. Il punto d’osservazione adottato è qui piuttosto specifico: in che misura e fino a che punto un archivio altomedievale può gettare luce sui ceti più umili di una società, in particolar modo sui contadini? Dopo un’illustrazione dinamica di questo complesso documentario, volta a chiarire non solo il processo della sua formazione ma anche le tendenze conservative che investono le diverse tipologie di scritture, il discorso si focalizza su alcuni documenti in forma di elenco, brevia in termine tecnico, che consentono di avvicinarsi ai livelli base dell’economia e della società dell’epoca
Il principio di precauzione e la corretta qualificazione degli alimenti a base di cellule coltivate in laboratorio
Get PDFIn Italia, la Legge 1° dicembre 2023, n. 172 vieta, tra l’altro, la produzione e l’immissione sul mercato italiano di alimenti prodotti a partire da colture cellulari e l’utilizzo della denominazione di carne per prodotti trasformati contenenti
proteine vegetali. Dopo aver esaminato l’iter di approvazione della legge e il possibile conflitto con il diritto dell’Unione europea, l’autore critica la scelta legislativa di avere introdotto un divieto di carattere assoluto. Il principio di precauzione non può essere una valida causa di giustificazione, perché dovrebbe essere richiamato entro i limiti di temporaneità, proporzionalità e ragionevolezza che non sono riscontrabili nella previsione di un divieto durevole e troppo generico. Per tutelare la produzione di carne degli allevamenti convenzionali non servono divieti, ma l’approvazione di regole tecniche precise. Per l’autore, gli alimenti a base di cellule coltivate, anche se di origine animale, non possono essere equiparati dal punto di vista giuridico alla carne. Piuttosto, la carne ottenuta da coltivazione cellulare, per semplicità chiamata, nel presente contributo, carne a base cellulare (dall’inglese cell based meat) è un prodotto alternativo, che deve essere individuato mediante una distinta e specifica denominazione legale
Les textes, la littérature, les abstractions juridiques. Le Moyen Âge et l’identité stratifiée du droit romain
Get PDFA novel approach for seismic risk assessment of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment
No full textTraditional seismic risk assessment approaches have been applied to different types of electrical equipment in substations. Recently, some of the authors have proposed a novel seismic risk assessment approach for new and existing structures, which is based on idea to control the record-to-record variability rather than reduce it by scaling the ground motion signals. This paper introduces the framework into seismic risk assessment of typical porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment (PCEE). Accordingly, two different sets of records are selected using the algorithm proposed in the framework to assess the risk of three pieces of PCEE selected. The selected PCEE exhibits diverse structural characteristics, providing a robust basis to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed framework across varying configurations and dimensional settings. Besides, the influence of the dispersion of limit states (LSs) on the fragility and risk of the PCEE is also investigated. The results indicate that the consistent fragility curves and risk results induced by the two record sets verify the effectiveness of the framework when applied to PCEE. Obvious differences in failure probability are observed due to the dispersion of limit states (LSs), exhibiting a “0-positive-0-negative-0” pattern as peak ground acceleration increases. Overall, the seismic risk of the PCEE increases with greater LS dispersion. Moreover, there is minimal variation in structural risk between using Normal or Weibull distributions to model LS dispersion. Targeting fragility and risk, adopting a one-piece design for PCEE insulators proves more advantageous for structural safety than using an assembled construction with flanged joints
Assessment of the performances and limitations of spacetime convective corrections for acoustic metacontinua design
No full textThe acoustic metamaterial extension to aeroacoustic applications is still an open issue principally due to the lack of a reliable methodology for the meta-devices design when they have to operate in a non-quiescent medium. One suitable strategy is to use spacetime coordinate transformations that include the background flow features to tune the meta-device design parameters analytically, and, therefore, the phenomenon must be reinterpreted into the spacetime. However, a change of coordinates capable of including all the convective effects is not known for general flow conditions and analytical approximations are inevitably introduced. This work validates the spacetime framework numerically, providing a better comprehension of the approximation effects on the spacetime-corrected acoustic metacontinuum and its cautious interpretation both from the mathematical and physical points of view
Implementation of optimized processes for applying BIM methodology to linear transportation infrastructure
No full textOver the past years, the construction and civil engineering industries have adopted Building Information Modeling methodology, largely because of its numerous advantages in aiding design, construction site management, asset maintenance and management procedures. This methodology involves generating three-dimensional digital models capable of integrating information about the assets they represent. This information can pertain to any phase of the structure’s lifecycle, thereby enabling data management throughout the entire lifecycle within a single structured, digital environment. Originating from the building sector of civil engineering, it has more recently been integrated into procedures related to civil infrastructure engineering, albeit with some setbacks and challenges. Additionally, during the past decade, several national and international regulations have been introduced to control the integration of BIM into common working practices. However, BIM is often used only as a tool to assist with design, frequently even playing just a supporting role to standard practices, without any kind of implementation in later stages of the lifecycle. Therefore, to fully utilize BIM’s potential, it is essential to define procedures that enable its optimization not only in the design-related phase of the lifecycle but in other phases as well. In particular, one of the the main objectives of the research is to examine the ways in which BIM can be implemented to manage and integrate data obtained from remote and on-site survey techniques, with a particular focus on NDT methods. Practical methods for defining a BIM model and implementing data into it by exploiting survey information are therefore envisioned, as well as processes for integrating data regarding possible deteriorations present along the examined infrastructure. Subsequently, it is aimed to identify ways to standardize these procedures, in order to generate processes for integrating and representing data within BIM models, with a particular focus on road pavements. This is to be achieved through the definition of an ontology related to elements of the pavement’s deep layer configuration and associated distresses, as well as a method for integrating and representing this data in a standardized and structured manner. Lastly, the goal is to also expand the application of BIM beyond the analysis of an infrastructure’s structural conditions, to include aspects related to its operational safety in terms of users’ driving behavior. Therefore, in order to replicate processes that have already been validated and used for these purposes, which are, however, characterized by certain limitations that BIM aims to solve, the aim is to define of processes appropriate for implementing BIM in the context of virtual reality driving simulation. These identified research topics are part of a larger infrastructure management process that implements BIM to create a unified environment for conducting any kind of analysis of a particular infrastructure asset. Therefore, advanced methodologies for integrating NDT survey data into BIM frameworks for infrastructure management are developed. First, the use of Laser Scanner and Ground Penetrating Radar for geometric and subsurface analysis, as well as satellite surveying for structural stability assessment are analyzed. The integration process then involves the development of parametric BIM objects that can adapt their configuration to multi-source and multi-scale data to create comprehensive infrastructure BIM models, enabling the concurrent examination of multiple NDT datasets in a unified digital environment. These processes are tested on a real case study, where multiple sets of NDT surveys were carried out. Additionally, the need for standardized processes for data integration and representation is addressed through an ontology developed in collaboration with the University of Twente. This ontology structures pavement lifecycle data into a grid of cells and voxels, enabling efficient data structuring and integration processes. Validation of the ontology confirms its effectiveness in describing pavement conditions and integrating deterioration data. Lastly, the extension of BIM applications to road safety analyses through virtual reality driving simulations is achieved. In fact, BIM methodology is implemented to develop driving simulation scenarios that integrate BIM models as the infrastructure representation. These are then integrated into systems capable of developing the simulation and gathering data once the simulation is running. The process overcomes the limitations of traditional systems by directly incorporating survey and design data for scenario reconstruction, improving interoperability, and integrating BIM in safety assessments of roads. The methodology is validated through urban and suburban case studies, confirming its utility for comprehensive road infrastructure safety analysis. Overall, the implementation of optimized processes designed to leverage BIM for the management, monitoring, and maintenance of transportation infrastructure would ensure greater safety of these assets, improved management of the resources used for the various activities related to their lifecycle, and greater efficiency regarding the analysis of issues related to the structural and operational conditions of these critical components. This research is conducted during a historical period that is undoubtedly experiencing significant changes in the industry’s practices in the field of civil engineering. This can offer the ideal setting for the suggested processes to be turned into practical applications, advancing the industry sector through BIM and the creation of the so-called Digital Twin of the national transportation infrastructure network
The teaching of national linguistic varieties in the didactic materials used at the Goethe-Institut of Rome
No full textThe text discusses the pluricentric nature of the German language, highlighting its presence in various countries and the existence of multiple standardized varieties. It emphasizes the role of dictionaries in codifying linguistic norms. The ABCD-Thesen, developed in 1990, urge that a pluricentric approach be adopted in teaching German, acknowledging the importance of representing Austria and Switzerland. The study explores the lack of attention to Austrian and Swiss varieties in teaching materials used by the Goethe-Institut, the foremost institution for German language teaching abroad. The research reveals a limited focus on language variety, both in textbooks and among students and teachers. The socio-economic disparity between Germany, Austria, and Switzerland affects language perception, leading to a lack of interest in national varieties. The text concludes by suggesting the need for teaching materials to comprehensively address the topic and foster a pluricentric approach in German language education
Effectiveness of a Food Education Program for healthcare workers: a pilot study in a Total Worker Health© approach
No full textIntroduction: Obesity has been identified as a crucial cause of non-communicable diseases, especially for healthcare workers who often take a brief lunch break with high energy and micro- and macronutrients deficient food.
Methods: Our study aims to investigate the clinical and economic effectiveness of the “Food Education Program” (FEP) among healthcare workers having weight problems. Four questionnaires were administered before and after FEP to explore the risk of psychological injury (“Psychological Injury Risk Indicator”), mental and general health status (“Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire-12” and “Short Form-36 health survey”) and eating behavior (“Eating Attitudes Test”). The Return on Investment (ROI) was calculated on the base of absenteeism reduction in the 1-year period after FEP.
Results: Fifty-one participants (78.4% females, mean age: 52.04 ± 8.94) were included in the study. They were mainly nurses (56.9%). 54.9% were obese and 43.1% overweight. The success rate was 32.1%; the reduction in BMI was more evident in the overweight participants than the obese subjects. A significant reduction of waist-to-hip ratio, glycosylated hemoglobin, total and LDL cholesterol, and an increase in vitamin D was observed (p-value: 0.047, 0.002, <0.001, 0.001, and 0.03). Scores on general health significantly improved (p-value <0.001 and 0.011). A mean per capita reduction of 3.70 days was observed in 1-year period after the intervention, with a ROI of 6.97.
Conclusion: Food Education Program represents a successful program to improve psychophysical wellbeing of healthcare workers through healthy nutritional plans, also having a notable positive impact on the organization, including its financial accounts