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Search for charged-lepton flavor violation in the production and decay of top quarks using trilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV
No full textA search is performed for charged-lepton flavor violating processes in top quark (t) production and decay. The data were collected by the CMS experiment from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. The selected events are required to contain one opposite-sign electron-muon pair, a third charged lepton (electron or muon), and at least one jet of which no more than one is associated with a bottom quark. Boosted decision trees are used to distinguish signal from background, exploiting differences in the kinematics of the final states particles. The data are consistent with the standard model expectation. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed in the context of effective field theory on the Wilson coefficients, which range between 0.024–0.424 TeV−2 depending on the flavor of the associated light quark and the Lorentz structure of the interaction. These limits are converted to upper limits on branching fractions involving up (charm) quarks, t → eμu (t → eμc), of 0.032ð0.498Þ × 10−6, 0.022ð0.369Þ × 10−6, and 0.012ð0.216Þ × 10−6 for tensorlike, vectorlike, and scalarlike interactions, respectively
Evaluating Urban Heat Island Mitigation Policies in Heritage Settings: An Integrated Analysis of Matera
Get PDFThis study investigates the environmental parameters that contribute to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in historic environments, with a particular focus on the UNESCO World Heritage City of Matera. The complex urban morphology of Matera, with its narrow streets and underground buildings, generates distinctive microclimates that intensify the UHI phenomenon, posing challenges for urban planning and heritage conservation. The main objective of the research is to identify which environmental parameters interact with Matera’s architectural and urban characteristics to intensify the UHI, and to propose mitigation strategies that balance heritage conservation with environmental sustainability. The research follows a mixed methodological approach in two phases. The first phase consisted of a comprehensive literature review, identifying gaps in previous studies and developing a methodological framework combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. The second phase involved empirical analysis using advanced techniques such as 3D laser scanning to model urban morphology, satellite image analysis to map the spatial distribution of the UHI, and the integration of historical and real-time meteorological data. The results show significant correlations between urban morphology and UHI intensity, suggesting strategic interventions such as green roofs and reflective materials to mitigate the effects. These findings provide valuable information for urban planners and policy makers, and highlight the importance of integrating sustainable approaches into heritage conservation
Are leaf chlorophyll fluorescence and Dark Green stressor-specific fingerprints in grapevine under drought or salt stress? A reanalysis study
Get PDFEarly and accurate recognition of abiotic stress types is essential for accelerating the selection of stress-tolerant varieties and implementing effective management strategies. This study is motivated by the socio-economic relevance of vineyard and by the increasing need for stressor-specific fingerprint(s) to support the reliable identification of stress type (e.g., drought or salinity) within a high-throughput plant phenotyping domain. This paper presents a reanalysis of physiological and phenotyping data from drought and salt stress experiments in Vitis vinifera focussing the maximum photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) and leaf Dark Green color. The reanalysis suggests that salt-stressed vines might suffer additional (non-stomatal) limitations curbing net photosynthetic rate (Pn) severely as drought stress does at equivalent stomatal conductance (gs) levels. Through a Principal Component (PC) Analysis, physiological and colorimetric response variables were decomposed revealing that Fv/Fm and Dark Green dominates the non-stomatal PC (∼80 %) clustering data between salt and drought experiments. Confusion matrices reveal that model based on Fv/Fm and Dark Green performed better (accuracy = 1, precision =1) than that based on Pn, gs, transpiration, and stem water potential. This study supports the potential use of Fv/Fm and Dark Green for early and non-destructive stress type identification
Per una storia della Cassa per il Mezzogiorno nelle carte delle presidenze. L’intervento straordinario del secondo dopoguerra tra storia, politica e istituzioni (1950-1981).
No full textIl presente lavoro di ricerca indaga il ruolo della Cassa per il Mezzogiorno nel contesto politico e istituzionale italiano tra il 1950 e il 1981, analizzando le relazioni tra l’ente, i partiti, i tecnici, gli intellettuali e il nuovo meridionalismo. È stato possibile ricostruire come la Cassa sia stata al centro delle strategie di sviluppo per il Sud, risultando determinante nel relativo processo, e come si sia progressivamente evoluta fino alla crisi, culminata con la sua liquidazione, a causa, in particolare, dei rapporti di forza interni legati alle filiere politiche e alle classi dirigenti, della sua proiezione pubblica e del rapporto con i governi.
Attraverso l’analisi comparata di numerose fonti, la ricerca si articola in quattro capitoli che ripercorrono la storia dell’ente dalla sua istituzione fino al 1981, con particolare attenzione alla governance e all’influenza esercitata da partiti, istituzioni e dalla SVIMEZ. Sono state consultate fonti bibliografiche, materiali a stampa e i seguenti archivi storici: l’Archivio Centrale dello Stato (ACS) e gli Archivi dello Sviluppo Economico e Territoriale (ASET), l’Archivio Storico del Senato, l’Archivio dell’Istituto Sturzo, l’Archivio della SVIMEZ, l’Archivio della Fondazione Pastore, l’Archivio della Fondazione Gramsci e gli Historical Archives of the European Union.
È stato così possibile ricostruire la storia della Cassa attraverso le sue prime quattro presidenze - Ferdinando Rocco, Gabriele Pescatore, Alberto Servidio e Gaetano Cortesi - e gli equilibri che ne determinarono assetti e nomine, tenendo conto delle trasformazioni politiche, sociali ed economiche che influenzarono i rapporti tra DC, PSI e PCI, in particolare rispetto al posizionamento sul Mezzogiorno. La ricerca analizza inoltre le dinamiche conflittuali che, a partire dagli anni Settanta, condussero alla frammentazione politica, alla crescente instabilità dei governi, all’affermazione delle autonomie locali e al mutamento del contesto economico e istituzionale europeo, contribuendo al progressivo declino dell’intervento straordinario.
Il lavoro propone una nuova chiave di lettura della storia della Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, includendo in appendice una comparazione, in seguito ad alcuni mesi di ricerca presso l'University of Munster, tra il modello italiano di sviluppo del Sud e quello tedesco adottato dopo la caduta del Muro di Berlino, con la creazione, nel 1990, della Treuhandanstalt, l’ente incaricato della transizione economica e della privatizzazione delle imprese dell’ex Germania Est.This study examines the role of the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno within the Italian political and institutional context between 1950 and 1981, focusing on the relationships the agency developed with political parties, technical experts, intellectuals, and the renewed Southern Question. The research shows how the Fund was central to development strategies for Southern Italy, playing a key role in that process, and how it gradually entered a phase of crisis, ending in its liquidation, mainly due to internal power struggles, political networks, leadership dynamics, public perception, and changing relations with governments.
Based on a broad comparative analysis of sources, the study is structured into four chapters that trace the history of the Cassa from its creation to the 1981. Special attention is given to how the agency was governed and to the strong influence of political parties, institutions, and SVIMEZ. The research draws on books, printed material, and several key archives: the Central State Archive (ACS) and the Archives for Economic and Territorial Development (ASET), the Historical Archive of the Senate, the Archive of the Istituto Sturzo, the SVIMEZ Archive, the Pastore Foundation Archive, the Gramsci Foundation Archive, and the Historical Archives of the European Union.
The study reconstructs the agency’s history through its first four presidents - Ferdinando Rocco, Gabriele Pescatore, Alberto Servidio, and Gaetano Cortesi - highlighting the political balances that shaped the organization and the decisions behind key appointments. It also takes into account the political, social, and economic changes that influenced the relationships among the Christian Democrats (DC), the Socialist Party (PSI), and the Communist Party (PCI), particularly in relation to their stance on Southern development. The research also explores the conflicts that, starting in the 1970s, led to political fragmentation, increasing government instability, the rise of local autonomies, and a shifting European economic and institutional context—all contributing to the gradual decline of the extraordinary intervention.
The study offers a new and original interpretation of the history of the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, and includes an appendix featuring a comparison, developed during a research period at the University of Münster, between the Italian model for Southern development and the German approach adopted after the fall of the Berlin Wall, specifically the establishment in 1990 of the Treuhandanstalt, the agency responsible for the economic transition and privatization of former East German state-owned enterprises
Transforming Agricultural Waste from Mediterranean Fruits into Renewable Materials and Products with a Circular and Digital Approach
Get PDF: The Mediterranean area is one of the major global producers of agricultural food. However, along the entire supply chain-from farming to food distribution and consumption-food waste represents a significant fraction. Additionally, plant waste residues generated during the cultivation of specific fruits and vegetables must also be considered. This heterogeneous biomass is a valuable source of bioactive compounds and materials that can be transformed into high-performance functional products. By analyzing technical and scientific literature, this review identifies extraction, composite production, and bioconversion as the main strategies for valorizing agricultural by-products and waste. The advantages of these approaches as well as efficiency gains through digitalization are discussed, along with their potential applications in the Mediterranean region to support new research activities and bioeconomic initiatives. Moreover, the review highlights the challenges and disadvantages associated with waste valorization, providing a critical comparison of different studies to offer a comprehensive perspective on the topic. The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential of agricultural waste valorization, identifying effective strategies while also considering their limitations, to contribute to the development of sustainable and innovative solutions in Mediterranean bioeconomy
Modelling past and future demography of silver fir forests affected by dieback through genomic and dendroecological timelines
Get PDFDetermining the factors leading to maladaptation is crucial for making informed conservation and management decisions, particularly in forests showing dieback and growth decline. We combined genomic and dendroecological methods to infer past and forecast future demographic trends in five silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests with varying levels of vigor in the species' southwestern range margin in the Pyrenees. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to infer demographic history and relate it to past major climatic changes, and to identify genome-environment associations, which were used to calculate the genomic offset under different emission scenarios, as an indicator of climate vulnerability. Basal area increment (BAI) was calculated to assess long-term growth patterns and to evaluate growth sensitivity to climate, and it was also forecasted under the same emission scenarios. Our results revealed an increasing risk of maladaptation westwards and in drier, lower elevation sites, consistent with increasing aridity, declining vigor, and reduced growth rates. These findings link demographic and growth declines to climate warming, highlighting the broad impacts of rising temperatures and declining precipitation on silver fir populations, as reflected by consistent patterns in demography, genomic offset, and growth forecasts. Nonetheless, local factors, such as elevation and specific genotypes, drive compensative and adaptive site-specific effects, buffering the negative impacts of climate change
Comparison of deconvolution techniques for 1D neutron emission profile reconstruction using ITER Radial Neutron Camera synthetic data and JET neutron camera measurements
No full textSearch for long-lived heavy neutral leptons in proton-proton collision events with a lepton-jet pair associated with a secondary vertex at sqrt{s} = 13 TeV
No full textA search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1 collected at s = 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC is presented. Events are selected with a charged lepton originating from the primary vertex associated with the proton-proton interaction, as well as a second charged lepton and a hadronic jet associated with a secondary vertex that corresponds to the semileptonic decay of a long-lived HNL. No excess of events above the standard model expectation is observed. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are evaluated for HNLs that mix with electron and/or muon neutrinos. Limits are presented in the mass range of 1–16.5 GeV, with excluded square mixing parameter values reaching as low as 2 × 10−7. For masses above 11 GeV, the presented limits exceed all previous results in the semileptonic decay channel, and for some of the considered scenarios are the strongest to date