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Online Knowledge Distillation and Deep Supervision in HRNet: Green AI for Preterm Infants’ Pose Estimation
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Study of Listeria monocytogenes growth dynamics in new ready to eat products using challenge test
No full textEnhancing postharvest food safety: the essential role of non-thermal technologies in combating fungal contamination and mycotoxins
No full textDuring the production and storage of agricultural products, molds frequently occur as contaminants that can produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, the most important of which are mycotoxins. To solve these problems, the industry uses various methods, products and processes. This review examines the latest advances in novel non-thermal technologies for post-harvest inactivation of filamentous fungi and reduction of mycotoxins. These technologies include high pressure processes (HPP), ozone treatment, UV light, blue light, pulsed light, pulsed electric fields (PEF), cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), electron beams, ultrasound (US) and nanoparticles. Using data from previous studies, this review provides an overview of the primary mechanisms of action and recent results obtained using these technologies and emphasizes the limitations and challenges associated with each technology. The innovative non-thermal methods discussed here have been shown to be safe and efficient tools for reducing food mold contamination and infection. However, the effectiveness of these technologies is highly dependent on the fungal species and the structural characteristics of the mycotoxins. New findings related to the inactivation of fungi and mycotoxins underline that for a successful application it is essential to carefully determine and optimize certain key parameters in order to achieve satisfactory results. Finally, this review highlights and discusses future directions for non-thermal technologies. It emphasizes that they meet consumer demand for clean and safe food without compromising nutritional and sensory qualities
Le banche di credito cooperativo italiane fra le ragioni della Bank Union e le esigenze del localismo
No full textL'introduzione del gruppo bancario cooperativo nel nostro ordinamento ha
portato a una profonda riorganizzazione del settore del credito cooperativo. Infatti, uno degli
effetti prodotti dalla riforma è stato quello di polarizzare le BCC attorno a due grandi
gruppi (ICCREA Banca e Cassa Centrale Banca) che, nel sistema SSM, sono
classificati come banche significative, con la conseguenza che a loro e, a loro volta, a tutte le società del gruppo devono essere applicate le regole più stringenti stabilite
dal cosiddetto pacchetto CRD e dai relativi regolamenti attuativi. La conseguenza è
che, sebbene la singola BCC sia naturalmente una banca di piccole dimensioni, in termini di operatività territoriale e di entità della raccolta e degli investimenti, a causa della sua (obbligatoria) appartenenza a un gruppo bancario cooperativo, finisce per sostenere gli stessi costi
delle banche di maggiori dimensioni, ogniqualvolta il gruppo raggiunga i requisiti patrimoniali prescritti. In
questo saggio cercheremo di analizzare il problema dei costi derivanti dall'applicazione
della normativa bancaria europea attraverso diverse prospettive che potrebbero influenzarne
la riduzione.The introduction of the cooperative banking group into our legal system has
led to a profound reorganization of the cooperative credit sector. In fact, one of the
effects, produced by the reform, has been to polarize the BCC around two large
groups (ICCREA Banca and Cassa Centrale Banca) which, in the SSM system, are
classified as significant banks, with the consequence that the stricter rules established
by the so-called CRD package and the related implementing regulations must be applied to them and, in turn, to all the companies in the group. The consequence is
that, even though the individual BCC is naturally a small bank, in terms of territorial operations and the size of its collections and investments, due to its (mandatory) membership in a cooperative banking group, it ends up bearing the same costs
as larger banks, whenever the group reaches the prescribed capital requirements. In
this essay we will try to analyze the problem of costs resulting from the application
of European banking regulations through different perspectives that could influence their reduction
Le garanzie reali delle obbligazioni: la fiducia cum creditore. Un approccio comparatistico (2025)
No full textFedSynthCT-Brain: A federated learning framework for multi-institutional brain MRI-to-CT synthesis
No full textThe generation of Synthetic Computed Tomography (sCT) images has become a pivotal methodology in modern clinical practice, particularly in the context of Radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning. The use of sCT enables the calculation of doses, pushing towards Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) guided radiotherapy treatments. Moreover, with the introduction of MRI-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) hybrid scanners, the derivation of sCT from MRI can improve the attenuation correction of PET images. Deep learning methods for MRI-to-sCT have shown promising results, but their reliance on single-centre training dataset limits generalisation capabilities to diverse clinical settings. Moreover, creating centralised multi-centre datasets may pose privacy concerns. To address the aforementioned issues, we introduced FedSynthCT-Brain, an approach based on the Federated Learning (FL) paradigm for MRI-to-sCT in brain imaging. This is among the first applications of FL for MRI-to-sCT, employing a cross-silo horizontal FL approach that allows multiple centres to collaboratively train a U-Net-based deep learning model. We validated our method using real multicentre data from four European and American centres, simulating heterogeneous scanner types and acquisition modalities, and tested its performance on an independent dataset from a centre outside the federation. In the case of the unseen centre, the federated model achieved a median Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 102.0 HU across 23 patients, with an interquartile range of 96.7–110.5 HU. The median (interquartile range) for the Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PNSR) were 0.89 (0.86–0.89) and 26.58 (25.52–27.42), respectively. The analysis of the results showed acceptable performances of the federated approach, thus highlighting the potential of FL to enhance MRI-to-sCT to improve generalisability and advancing safe and equitable clinical applications while fostering collaboration and preserving data privac
