4629 research outputs found
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Recomanació de varietats de colza 00 convencional i clearfield de primavera
No full textDurant la darrera campanya, s’han assajat nous híbrids de colza convencional i clearfield del tipus 00, en dues zones agroclimàtiques de Catalunya: el litoral de Girona i els regadius de Lleida. A Girona, també s’ha estudiat una varietat de Brassica carinata i una altre de colza erúcica. En aquesta article es mostren els índexs productius i les característiques d’aquestes varietats.FEADER/ / / EU / /GC/ / / CAT/ Xarxa d’avaluació de varietats de colza. Millora de la sostenibilitat i noves opcions de comercialització (XARXA COLZA). (Activitat demostració de transferència de coneixements, en el marc del Pla estratègic de la PAC 2023-2027)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Use of a Digital Twin for Water Efficient Management in a Processing Tomato Commercial Farm
Get PDFThe increasing pressure on water resources caused by agricultural intensification, the rising food demand and climate change requires new irrigation strategies that improve the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the digital twin (DT), Irri_DesK, in a 15-hectare commercial processing tomatoes plot in Extremadura (Spain) over two growing seasons (2023 and 2024). Three irrigation strategies were compared: conventional farmer management, management based on a remote-sensing platform (Smart4Crops) and automated scheduling using Irri_DesK DT-integrated soil moisture sensors, climate data and simulation models to adjust irrigation doses daily. Results showed that the DT-based strategy allowed for the application of regulated deficit irrigation strategies while maintaining productivity or fruit quality. In 2023, it achieved an economic water efficiency of 284.81 EUR/mm with a yield of 140 t/ha using 413 mm of water. In 2024, it maintained high production levels (126 t/ha) under more challenging conditions of spatial variability. These results support the potential of DTs for improving irrigation management in water-limited environments.This work was developed in the ET4DROUGHT Project (PID2021-127345OR-C33) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation in the framework of the State Program for Scientific, Technical and Innovation Research 2021–2023 and the DigiSPAC project (TED2021-131237B-C22).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Water-saving irrigation can mitigate climate change but entails negative side effects on biodiversity in rice paddy fields
Get PDFTackling climate change while enhancing biodiversity without compromising production is a main goal in agricultural management. In rice farming, water-saving irrigation techniques alternative to permanent flooding have been globally adopted to face more severe and frequent droughts and have proven effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Yet potential trade-offs with other global concerning environmental issues such as biodiversity conservation are often overlooked. Here we used a field-scale experiment to compare the effects of water management strategies representing a water use gradient (continuous flooding as the lowest intensity water use management; mid-season drainage (MSD) as medium intensity; and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) as the highest intensity management) on i) greenhouse gas emissions, ii) the abundance and diversity of freshwater biological communities, and iii) crop yield. While a positive climate change mitigation effect was observed under water-saving practices (92.5 % and 67.3 % methane emission decreases for AWD and MSD, respectively, when compared to continuous flooding), these resulted negative for biodiversity conservation. Even though AWD decreased species richness only at the richness peak, a strong negative effect was observed on the abundance of aquatic organisms (decapods, heteropterans, odonates and amphibians). Grain yield decreased 12.9 % with AWD management as opposed to continuous flooding but did not vary under MSD. Even though wider adoption of water-saving strategies might help achieving climate mitigation goals while maintaining yields, negative effects on biodiversity should be addressed to preserve highly diverse communities of aquatic organisms and the broad range of ecosystem services they provide. These results point towards marked trade-offs among different agri-environmental issues, therefore, we advocate for more integrative solutions that account for potential side effects when designing alternative water management plans.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Trade and Enterprise (MINECO) through the Grant PID2020-118650RR-C31 (funded by MCIN/ AEI/ 10.13039/ 501100011033). The Government of Catalonia funded the predoctoral fellwoship of S.E.-P. through the projects AgriCarboniCat and AgriRegenCat. N.P.-M. is supported by a Spanish ‘Ramón y Cajal’ fellowship (RYC-2021-033599-I). We thank Carles Alcaraz for his guidance in regards to data analysis. We also thank Andrea Bertomeu, Vicent Cebolla, Joan Didac Bertomeu and Juan Blas Fernández-Araujo for their field support and implementation of water strategies. The support of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya, is also acknowledged.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Activation of alternative oxidase ensures carbon supply for ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening
Get PDFTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a climacteric fruit displaying a respiration peak at the onset of ripening accompanied by increased synthesis of ethylene and carotenoid pigments. Chromoplast and mitochondrial respiration participate at different stages of fruit ripening, but their in vivo regulation and function remain unclear. We determined the in vivo activities of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) and cytochrome oxidase pathways and quantified the levels of respiratory- and ripening-related gene
transcripts, primary metabolites and carotenoids in ripening tomato fruits with or without functional chromorespiration.
Furthermore, we carried out physiological, molecular, and metabolic analyses of CRISPR–Cas9 mutants defective in AOX1a, the main AOX isoform upregulated during tomato fruit ripening. We confirmed that plastid terminal oxidase-dependent chromorespiration is only relevant at late stages of ripening and found that in vivo AOX activity significantly increased at the breaker stage, becoming the main contributor to climacteric respiration when ripening initiates. This activation did not correlate with gene expression but was likely due to increased levels of AOX activators such as pyruvate (a metabolic precursor of carotenoids), 2-oxoglutarate, and succinate. A strong alteration of ripening-related metabolites was observed in aox1a mutant fruits, highlighting a key role of the AOX pathway at the onset of ripening. Our data suggest that increased supply of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates at the climacteric stage allosterically enhances AOX activity, thus allowing the reoxidation of NAD(P)H to ensure carbon supply for triggering ethylene and carotenoid biosynthesis.This work was supported by grants PID2020-115810GB-I00 to M.R.-Co., PID2020-120229RA-I00 and PID2024-163099NB-I00 to I.F.-S., all funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF/EU,” Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades–Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIU/AEI, Spain). We also thank the support of grants RECROP-CA22157 (European Cooperation in Science and Technology COST Actions), CaRed-RED2022-134577-T funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI, Spain), UToPIQ-PCI2021-121941 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR” (MCIU/AEI/PRIMA, Spain), and BioVal+-AGROALNEXT/2022/067 (Generalitat Valenciana) to M.R.-Co.; RedoxPlant-RED2022-134072-T funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (MCIU/AEI, Spain) to I.F.-S.; and CEX2019-000902-S funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and CERCA Programme (Generalitat de Catalunya) to CRAG. A.I.-S. received a predoctoral fellowship (PRE2018-083610) funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.” I.F.-S. received funding from the “Ramon y Cajal” contract RYC2019-028030-I funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future.”info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
¿Por qué y cuándo se producen las bajas de los lechones en lactación?
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Diversity and Ecology of Fungi from Underexplored and Extreme Environments
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Resultats de les noves varietats de pèsol proteaginós d'hivern
No full textEntre els pèsols d’hivern assajats cal destacar el bon comportament productiu que han mostrat FURIOUS i FRESNEL. Les varietats PADDLE i FURIOUS són els que ha mostrat una data d’inici de floració més precoç. Els majors continguts en proteïna s’han observat en AVIRON, LAPONY, GUIMAS i PADDLE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Forestal Catalana’s Stone Pine Grafting Program In Catalonia. Production Of Grafted Plant In Nursery
Get PDFThe forestry sector in Spain faces the need to develop more attractive and profitable products. One of the most valuable in the Mediterranean forest is the pinenut which use in the local cuisine is ancestral. Moreover, its nutritional value is highly appreciated and currently the world demand is far from being covered. But its production still comes from naturals stands and a certain degree of domestication is required to increase the offer. First step was to select highly productive clones and the second to verify the grafted plants improve the entry into production. Now it is time to achieve a good level of grafting success to exploit the potential of these genotypes. More than 7,300 grafts were made for four years to identify factors that influence grafting success: scion quality, grafting period, clone origin, grafter experience, etc. The results shown that the average grafting success is up to 82.6% over four years, with slight variations depending on the grafter experience or climatic conditions. The importance to achieve suitable scions for grafting is highlighted, leading to the establishment of officially commissioned mother fields to produce FRM, scions of the registered genotypes. The work concludes that the main current challenge is not the grafting process itself, but the need to increase scion production to supply the current demand for Stone pine grafted plants.This research activity was funded with the contribution of Generalitat de Catalunya. The authors wish to thank all the people involve in this work, especially the pine grafting team of Forestal Catalana.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Assessing and Improving Animal Welfare Using Applied Ethology
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