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Varietats d'ametller IRTA: "Masbovera", "Glorieta" i "Francolí"
Full text linkL’elecció varietal és un aspecte d’extraordinària importància en el cultiu de l’ametller.
Les principals varietats cultivades a Espanya tenen característiques destacables, però també
limitacions que incideixen negativament en la rendibilitat del cultiu, o que redueixen la seva
possible àrea d’utilització. Per exemple, ‘Marcó’ i ‘Desmai Llarguet’, les més difoses,
produeixen fruits d’una gran qualitat, però tenen una floració precoç (susceptible de ser
danyada per gelades tardanes), són exigents en poda, sensibles als atacs de Fusicoccum
amygdali, etc. Les condicions de medi de moltes zones ametlleres no són, evidentment,
favorables per al cultiu d’aquestes varietats.
L’any 1975 va començar a Mas de Bover un programa de millora de varietats
d’ametlla mitjançant encreuaments dirigits. A partir d’aquí, s’ha efectuat un gran nombre
d’encreuaments diferents i s’han obtingut molts milers de descendents. El programa ha permès
la selecció de tres varietats, ‘Masbovera’, ‘Glorieta’ i ‘Francolí’ que, al nostre parer,
reuneixen un conjunt de característiques agronòmiques i comercials d’indubtable interès, a
jutjar pels resultats proporcionats fins ara en una àmplia xarxa de plantacions experimentals,
localitzades a Catalunya i en d’altres àrees mediterrànies espanyoles i estrangeres, que suposen
una sensible millora en relació amb les varietats tradicionals.
D’acord amb la ‘Ley de Protección de Obtenciones Vegetales’, l’IRTA va obtenir del
MAPA (INSPV), l’any 1992, el ‘Título de Obtención Vegetal’ per a ‘Masbovera’,
‘Glorieta’, i ‘Francolí’. Per a la difusió d’aquestes varietats en el sector ametller espanyol,
l’IRTA, a través de GESLIVE, A.I.E., ha concedit llicències de multiplicació a nombrosos
vivers. Els darrers anys, s’han realitzat moltes de les noves plantacions espanyoles amb
aquestes varietats
Características químico-sensoriales de los aceites de oliva 'Arbequina' obtenidos en distintas zonas de España
Full text linkDentro de los aceites de oliva vírgenes de calidad que se producen en España, Cataluña destaca por tener dos denominaciones de origen (Garrigues y Siurana) de las seis actualmente existentes. La producción de aceite virgen extra de las mismas
procede de la variedad «Arbequina», aproximadamente 8.000 tm,
repartidas entre las D. O. «Garrigues», en Lleida (5.000 tm), y
«Siurana» en Tarragona (3.000 tm). Estos aceites son muy apreciados tanto a nivel nacional como internacional por sus excelentes
características organolépticas. En los últimos años, esta variedad
se está extendiendo por España (Andalucía, Aragón, etc.) y otros
países del mundo (Argentina, Francia, etc.).
Se estudian las características físico-químicas y sensoriales
de los aceites de oliva vírgenes de la variedad «Arbequina» producidos, principalmente, en Cataluña, Andalucía y Aragón. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos indican que algunos parámetros del
aceite de «Arbequina» varían significativamente al cultivaría en
diferentes medios agrológicos, principalmente, determinados ácidos grasos, polifenoles, estabilidad y algunos atributos sensoriales
del aceite.El presente trabajo ha sido financiado en parte por la sociedad «Olis de Catalunya, S. A.». Los autores quieren expresar su agradecimiento a la Estación de Olivicultura de Jaén (Mengíbar), a la cooperativa «El Pilar» de Villacarrillo (Jaén) y a los técnicos D. Sebastián Delgado (La Carlota, Córdoba) y Dña. Soledad Gracia (D. G. de Aragón), por habernos facilitado muestras de aceite de «Arbequina», necesarias para la realización de este trabajo. Igualmente, agradecemos la colaboración de los miembros del panel de cata de Cataluña.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Genetic Parameters for Egg Number, Egg Weight, and Eggshell Color in Three Catalan Poultry Breeds
Full text linkHeritabilities for egg number, egg
weight, and eggshell color (percentage light absorbance)
at 39 wk of age, and the genetic correlations between
them were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood
in three Catalan poultry breeds: Penedesenca Negra
(PN), Prat Lleonada (PL), and Empordanesa Roja (ER).
Additive genetic differences between these breeds were
also estimated. Data were from the IRTA Poultry
Genetic Conservation Program and consisted of records
from 1,309 PN, 1,466 PL, and 1,440 ER hens, which were
obtained from 80 contemporary batches per breed
hatched between 1987 and 1992. Estimates of heritability
for egg number, egg weight, and eggshell color were,
0.20, 0.59, and 0.49 for PN, 0.31, 0.48, and 0.53 for PL;
and 0.33, 0.50, and 0.27 for ER. Estimated genetic correlations between egg number and egg weight, egg
number and shell color, and egg weight and shell color
were, for PN, –0.22, –0.03, and 0.00; for PL, –0.21, –0.06,
and 0.09; and –0.19, –0.29, and 0.30 for ER. Heritability
for eggshell color and genetic correlation between
eggshell color and other traits showed a different genetic
pattern in ER breed. Significant additive genetic differences (P < 0.05) were found between ER and PN base
populations for egg number (3.89), egg weight (0.91),
and eggshell color (–3.50); and between ER and PL for
egg number (6.69) and eggshell color (35.39). The PN
and PL breeds differed significantly (P < 0.05) for
eggshell color (38.22), which was darker in PN. These
results could be taken as the expected genetic differences for these breedsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bioefficacy of enzyme preparations containing beta-glucanase and xylanase activities in broiler diets based on barley or wheat, in combination with flavomycin
Full text linkThe objective of the study was to
determine the effects of two enzyme preparations
containing b-glucanase and xylanase activities on barleyand wheat-based diets, respectively, for broilers, in
combination with flavomycin. In addition, the stability
of the enzyme preparations after pelleting was measured. Temperatures recorded during the pelleting
process reached 75 to 80 C, and the activities recovered
with respect to the amounts present in the mash feed
before pelleting were 80% or higher.
Two performance experiments were conducted simultaneously under the same conditions over 6 wk. In
addition, intestinal viscosity and incidence of vent
pasting were measured and carcasses were eviscerated
to determine abdominal fat, carcass yield, and percentage weight of intestines and viscera. Twenty-four pens
(12 per sex), each containing 75 chickens were used in each experiment. Wheat- or barley-based diets were
supplemented with flavomycin and a xylanase or a bglucanase preparation, respectively, in a 2 · 2 factorial
arrangement of treatments. In the wheat diets, xylanase
and flavomycin improved feed efficiency, in parallel
with a reduction of intestinal viscosity. Xylanase
reduced the incidence of vent pasting and the percentage viscera, especially of intestines, and increased
abdominal fat. In the barley diets, b-glucanase and
flavomycin improved feed conversion. b-Glucanase also
reduced intestinal viscosity and vent pasting. Both bglucanase and flavomycin reduced percentage intestines,
but the effects were not additive. In general, the effects
of the enzyme preparations and flavomycin were
independent, except for percentage intestines with b-glucanase.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Influence of Concentration of Soda Ash, Temperature, and Immersion Period on the Control of Postharvest Green Mold of Oranges
Full text linkOranges were inoculated with spores of Penicillium digitatum, the citrus green mold pathogen,
and immersed 24 h later in heated soda ash (Na2CO3, sodium carbonate) solutions to control
postharvest citrus green mold. Oranges were immersed for 1 or 2 min in solutions containing 0,
2, 4, or 6% (wt/vol) soda ash heated to 35.0, 40.6, 43.3, or 46.1°C. After 3 weeks of storage at
10°C, the number of decayed oranges was determined. Soda ash significantly controlled green
mold in every test. The most effective control of green mold was obtained at 40.6 or 43.3°C
with 4 or 6% soda ash. The concentration of soda ash greatly influenced efficacy, whereas the
influences of temperature or immersion period on soda ash efficacy were small. Solutions of 4
and 6% soda ash were similar in efficacy and provided superior control of green mold compared
with 2% soda ash. The control of green mold by soda ash solutions heated to 40.6 or 43.3°C was
slightly superior to control by solutions heated to 35.0 or 46.1°C. The control of green mold by
1-min immersion of inoculated oranges in heated soda ash solutions was inferior to immersion
for 2 min, but the magnitude of the difference, particularly with 6% soda ash, was small. A
second-order response surface model without interactions was developed that closely described
the influence of soda ash concentration, temperature, and immersion period on efficacy. The
efficacy of soda ash under commercial conditions was better than that predicted by the model,
probably because under commercial conditions the fruit were rinsed less thoroughly with water
after treatment than in laboratory tests. The primary finding of this work was that soda ash controlled 24-h-old green mold infections at commercially useful levels using shorter immersion
periods and lower temperatures than those recommended by other workers for the use of soda
ash on lemons. The oranges were not visibly injured in any test.We gratefully acknowledge useful ideas and suggestions of J. W. Eckert, P. Johnson, R. Elliott, and P. Lewis; the donations of labor and facilities from I. F. Michael, M. F. Mansour, and C. F. Weist of Advanced Packinghouse Systems, and D. Flores of Diversified Agricultural Consultants; and we thank the California Citrus Research Board for financial support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Arbuscular mycorrhizae and growth enhancement of micropropagated Prunus rootstock in different soilless potting mixes
Full text linkThe receptivity of two peat based potting mixes to AM colonisation was studied
with the almond x peach clone GF677 as host plant. Four fungi were assayed:
Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices. Glomus sp (E3) and Acaulospora laevis.
The response of the four fungi varied with the potting mix used, stressing the
importance of the growing media on the functionality of the mycorrhizal symbiosis.This work was partially founded by grant no. AGF92-0428 of the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología ( Spanish Ministery of Education and Science).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Rate of Passage of Barley Diets with Chromium Oxide: Influence of Age and Poultry Strain and Effect of beta-Glucanase Supplementation
Full text linkThree-week-old broiler chicks and 1-yr-old Leghorn cocks were
used to determine the effect of beta-glucanase addition (experimental product
from Trichoderma longibrachiatum) to a 60% barley-based diet on rate of feed
passage, transit time, and mean retention time. Fecal chromium oxide content
was used to calculate cumulated and noncumulated excretion data. A Hill
equation was chosen to test the goodness of fit of cumulative excretion curves.
Time of 50% (T50) and 1% (Tl) chromium excretion, calculated from cumulative
excretion curves, were affected by beta-glucanase addition, but this effect also was
influenced by age or strain. In broiler chicks, T50 (P < .02) and Tl (P < .06)
decreased with beta-glucanase addition. In cocks, T50 (P < .04) and Tl (P < .05)
increased with beta-glucanase addition. Noncumulative excretion data yielded
similar results. In the absence of beta-glucanase, peak chromium excretion occurred 1 h later in broiler chicks than in cocks. These differences in feed passage
rate may explain why intestinal viscosity caused by the presence of beta-glucan
did not act in the same manner in broiler chicks as in cocks. When beta-glucanase
was added, the age-related difference was removed and rates become similar.
In broiler chicks, the rate of feed passage is related to feed intake. Thus, this
could explain the different effects in terms of feed utilization.The authors are grateful to Finnfeeds International Ltd., Marlborough, Wiltshire, England for supplying the beta- glucanase preparation, M. Francesch for her comments and suggestions, and M. R. Bedford for revising the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bioavailability of Fluorine in Sepiolite for Laying Hens
Full text linkThe purpose of the present work was to compare the bioavailability of structural fluorine
contained in sepiolite and in sodium fluoride for laying hens. Three hundred 27-wk-old laying hens were fed
one of three diets: 1) a control based on corn, barley, and soybean meal containing 21 mg/kg of fluorine; 2) a
sepiolite diet in which 2% sepiolite replaced 2% barley in the control diet and which contained 217 mg/kg of
fluorine; and 3) a NaF diet, consisting of the same control diet to which NaF was added to contain 217 mg/kg
of fluorine (the same level of F~ as the sepiolite diet). The experiment ended when hens were 64 wk old.
Fluorine concentration in the tibial bone of hens fed the NaF diet was four times higher than in the control,
and twice as high in eggshell. In contrast, hens fed sepiolite had fluorine concentrations in tibial bone and
eggshell not significantly higher than fluorine concentrations in the controls. These results indicate that
fluorine from sepiolite was not available. The effects of the different diets on egg production, feed intake, feed
conversion, egg weight, shell and interior egg quality, dry matter of feces, and body weight gain were also
determined but no significant differences due to the dietary treatment were observed.
(Key words: fluorine, sepiolite, sodium fluoride, tibial bone, eggshell)The authors wish to thank Tolsa, S.A. CTRA Vallecas-Mejorada Del Campo, 28031, Madrid, Spain for its materials and funds in support of the present project.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
