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Prijevod i lingvostilistička analiza Stasiukova "Dojczlanda"
Full text linkOvaj rad temelji se na putopisu Andrzeja Stasiuka pod naslovom „Dojczland”, a mogao bi se ukupno svesti na tri razine: čitanje i prijevod putopisa, lingvostilističku analizu i translatološku analizu. Kao prvu razinu možemo odrediti čitanje izvornog poljskog teksta, nakon čega je uslijedio prijevod na hrvatski jezik. U drugom dijelu lingvostilističke analize naglasak je na stilističkim obilježjima iz izvornog teksta. Dok se na trećoj razini radi o translatološkoj analizi. Kao najčešće postupke u radu se naglašava: prevođenje iz konteksta, transpoziciju, interpretaciju, preinaku i prilagodbu ciljnom jeziku, parafrazu i izostavljanje. Na kraju rada posebna pozornost posvećena je i prevođenju frazema
Crisis communications of the Croatian business organiziations through social media
Full text linkRad opisuje ulogu društvenih medija u upravljanju kriznim dogañajima u hrvatskim poslovnim
organizacijama te koliko ih aktivno organizacije uključuju u komunikacijske strategije. Posebno
se proučava utjecaj društvenih medija na etičnost, transparentnost, društvenu odgovornost i ugled
poslovnih organizacija. Analizira se kako organizacije mogu iskoristiti prednosti društvenih
medija, koriste li se uopće njima i u kojoj mjeri, zatim koje strategije mogu primijeniti tijekom
kriznih dogañaja i obnove ugleda te koje su sve prijetnje društvenih medija za njihovo
poslovanje. Kao posebna prednost društvenih medija naglašena je mogućnost razvijanja odnosa s
dionicima u dijalogu, no upozorava se i na manipulaciju društvenim medijima. S razvojem Weba
2.0 pojavili su se različiti sustavi nezavisnih komunikacija, a novi mediji postali su nezaobilazni
u svim područjima života. Zahvaljujući razvoju računalno posredovane komunikacije, nastale su
brojne virtualne zajednice koje se bave različitim temama. Razvila se nova vrsta komunikacije
koja je meñuljudska i trenutačna, no ne odvija se licem u lice, a s njom i brojni novi alati: poruke,
videosnimke, objave na „zidu“, obavijesti, trenutačne aktivnosti, brbljaonice i sl. Sada svi mogu
ravnopravno sudjelovati u raspravama, a komunikacija je dvosmjerna, tj. razmjenjuju se mišljenja
meñu interesnim skupinama, koje se mogu bolje umrežiti, učiti jedne od drugih, organizirati
prosvjede, a u konačnici spriječiti primjene neodgovarajućih politika. U radu se osvrće i na ulogu
odnosa s javnošću u poslovnim organizacijama te potrebne komunikacijske vještine stručnjaka za
društvene medije koji često na komentare i upite korisnika društvenih medija moraju reagirati
brzo i neprestano. Takoñer su predstavljeni i rezultati istraživanja o primjeni društvenih medija u
poslovanju hrvatskih organizacija tijekom kriznih situacija, provedenog s pomoću anketnog
upitnika i analize sadržaja na društvenim mrežama.The thesis begins with the explanation of research goals, hypotheses and research methodology.
The scientific approach is used to study the role of social media in crisis communications of
Croatian business organisations. Hypotheses and research results are presented in detail in
chapter five of the thesis. The analysis of a crisis situation had to be done in one of the following
three topics: environmental pollution, food pollution and banking and financial sector.
Research began with the analysis of a structured questionnaire and content analysis. The
questionnaire was used as a preliminary study whose results were then used to select the industry.
The industry’s communication patterns were then analysed by the method of content analysis
applied on their official social network pages, news web sites and printed materials in the period
of one year. The banking and financial sector was selected because of a series of crisis events in
this sector.
Chapter two of the thesis begins with the analysis of key notions necessary for understanding the
content which follows afterwords. It explains the status of social networks in the context of
modern times, i.e. the impact of Web 2.0 on the trends of their development.
Social networks and social media are part of new media but social networks are a narrower
notion than social media.
Further discussion in the thesis relates to the logic of ownership of social media. Some authors
argue that today’s media are not social and that they are controlled by small groups of
individuals, whereas other authors say that all media today are social and that the knowledge
created in these media is controlled by the users themselves.
This part of the thesis focuses attention on the potential of social media to support the
development of more transparent business operations because they enable unbiased
communication.
Dialogue has a special potential for development as a result of the development of social media.
Speedier two-way communication and speedier decision-making is now possible with prior
exchange of ideas, with no live contact and with a great number of participants.
The notions of stakeholders and the public are also described as they are crucial for the
development of any relationship. The analysis of stakeholders has created basic divisions of the
public according to its importance and power of impact on the business success of an
organisation.
Framing is another notion described as its use has become important to all social media users.
Anyone who wishes to present their attitudes to the public should be able to create messages in
the way they want the messages to be perceived. The way a message is presented (framed) has an
impact on emotions of the public and the image of an organisation.
The elaboration of the topic also relies on the concept of corporate social responsibility or CSR.
CSR is deemed necessary for business organisations aiming to make additional contributions to
society in return for a “license to operate”, i.e. support of society. It is also believed that a
business organisation which has a positive stock of good deeds can overcome a crisis more easily
should it occur. In today’s media environment, organisations should pay attention not only to
responsible behaviour but to a behaviour which is deemed right. Unethical and wrong decisions
and information spread globally at a great speed. Still, the success of an organisation may depend
on the image it has built and stakeholders receive most information on the organisation from the
media. Therefore, if organisations want a positive image they should build long-term relations to
create trust and credible communication.
Special attention in the thesis is given to transparency, i.e. the publication of accurate, timely,
balanced and unambiguous information. It has been stressed that the publication of a large
amount of information is not necessarily correlated with increased transparency. Business
organisations might not proactively strive for transparency were it not for citizens’ requests and
the media. Further explanations clarify that the role of public relations is key for building positive
relations with different audiences, i.e. for image building. The role of PR has significantly
improved with the development of new media. Similarly, organisations are expected to increase
their flexibility.
Chapter three describes issues management, risk management, rumour management and crisis
management.
The analysis further outlines some theories on the life cycle of issues. It has been established that
unsuccessful issues management in the pre-crisis phase can evolve into a crisis phase. Moreover,
unsuccessful crisis management can also produce key issues. The role of the media, including
social media, in issues management is twofold. On the one hand, they are a source of
information, and on the other, they emit messages, thereby having an important role in framing
the issue.
Risk is described as the evaluation of probability of an adverse event and its impact on people,
the environment and the business organisation. After risk evaluation, plans for risk analysis or
risk elimination are prepared. If risk manifestation can affect the quality of life of the public and
their safety, it is necessary to inform the public on such risks. With today’s technology and social
networks, business organisations are even more exposed to risks of rumours so that they should
be managed as key issues. The organisation will manage rumours more easily if it has built a
positive image.
Inadequate communication of an organisation with stakeholders does not help build good
relations. The key to success in building good relations is trust and credibility. As a result,
transparency is becoming more important for organisations if they want to gain the trust of the
public. One way to build trust includes CSR programmes.
When a risk is manifested, crisis occurs. It is then highly important to identify the type of crisis
and decide on crisis management and communication with the public. This chapter presents
Fink’s model which charts the life span of a crisis, Mitroff’s model of five stages, Smith’s crisis
management process model and the most commonly mentioned Coombs’crisis management
process.
Holladay’s, Lebringer’s and Coombs’ types of crisis are also described as well as two types of
crisis communication: crisis knowledge management and stakeholder reaction management.
Depending on the type of crisis which occurred, primary or secondary communication strategy of
crisis response is selected.
Good communication in crisis maintains or improves the image of an organisation whereas poor
management or absence of such skills leaves negative effects on business operations.
Chapter four describes the impact of social media on business operations and direct
communication with stakeholders. The development of social media has given the stakeholders a
possibility to impact business operations should they wish to do so. The same opportunity is
given to business organisations which can build reputation, advance sales, develop human
resources, research the market etc. due to a rising number of social media. These communication
channels can be particularly useful for two-way communication with stakeholders during crisis
events. In order to maximise the benefits of social media, business organisations should be
acquainted with the specific features of each social medium because this is the only way to define
an adequate social media strategy. It is also important for business organisations to recognise the
importance of high-quality published content on official social network sites because they are
often used by journalists as sources of information. This is how content published on official
social network pages may spread to different media.
In order to describe social communities in the present moment the thesis presents van Dijk’s
analysis of world history of social communities through a series of five global networks: the first
world web, metropolitan or city web, Old World Web, cosmopolitan Web and world web.
The last phase which has been around for 160 years is important for today’s development.
Today’s networked society is made up of technical and media networks.
As was already mentioned, the advantage of social media is that they allow an efficient dialogue
between different groups. Still, a high-quality dialogue primarily requires transparency and trust.
If social media are used in an ethical manner, they can increase transparency which in turn leaves
a positive impact on the image of an organisation.
Today, each crisis finds a way to social media and always leaves consequences on business
operations. One benefit of social media for business organisations during the crisis is the
protection and restoration of reputation. The application of tactics of new media during difficult
times helps restore trust in the organisation. Social media can support organisations in successful
crisis management in two ways: the first is to explore the network environment and readiness for
the crisis because large quantities of information are available, and the second is to enable speedy
two-way communication with stakeholders, i.e. speedy sending and receiving of answers.
Problems which develop in social media are hard to manage because they spread fast and are
unpredictable. Since during the crisis the public relies specifically on information which comes
from the organisation itself, the organisation can use this situation to its benefit. For instance, it
can use it as a potential to develop a dialogue with new audiences at the time of crisis when the
organisation is under increased and intensive supervision. This can lead to a reduction of damage
to the smallest possible extent, which speeds up recovery.
A more modern crisis communication management model or social-mediated crisis
communication model has been developed because the content of social networks can impact
stakeholders’ emotions. The main goal of the model is to understand how the public creates,
consumes and/or shares crisis information in social media and other sources. Organisations
should include social media in risk management, rumour management, issues management and
crisis management. The capacity and advantage of social media will be best used by introducing
a corporate social media policy and by including transparency in all policies and business
processes.
Chapter five presents research conducted in the form of a questionnaire and content analysis,
hypotheses. Chapter six presents discussion and seventh conclusion.
The first hypothesis is that social media are not an important communication channel in Croatian
business organisations in situations of crisis. The research results confirm H1, i.e. that Croatian
business organisations do not find online social media and news web sites as an important
channel of communication with stakeholders in crisis.
The second hypothesis is that the communication tools that business organisations in the
Republic of Croatia use in social media for the need of crisis communication are not
differentiated from the ones which are used in ordinary communication channels (remark: TV
and radio are not included).
It can be confirmed that a press release is most commonly used as a communication tool during
crisis for communication in print media and in news web sites. Additionally, in the print media,
the statement scores high. Business organisations in the Republic of Croatia most commonly use
status, film and photographs. If a press release and news web site are counterparts of status in
online social networks and if we take into account that social networks use films and
photographs, H2 can partially be confirmed.
The third hypothesis is that the use of social media during situations of crisis has a positive effect
on the attitudes of users regarding services and products of business organisations.
A more specific conclusion about attitudes and further activities of users cannot be made because
only a small number of user activities was recorded.
The fourth hypothesis is that business organisations in the Republic of Croatia communicate in a
non-transparent way with the users of their products and services in times of crisis. This
hypothesis has been proven.
The contributions of the present research are manifold. Research results can be used by
educational institutions and students, as well as by different economic entities, e.g. business
organisations, news agencies and various consultants. A significant contribution of this research
is raising awareness of ethics in business in the context of technological development, which
should be a topic for both educational institutions and business organisations. The areas of ethics
and transparency are certainly the areas whose definition, role and practical application should be
researched more thoroughly
Usamljenost u dnevniku Divne Zečević
Full text linkDivna Zečević ostavila je iza sebe opsežan dnevnik pisan od 1961. do 2006. Repetitivnost žanra dnevnika i tendencija negativnim temama u dnevniku Divne Zečević omogućuje da se analitički izolira tema usamljenosti. Tema će se analizirati kroz pregled glavnih motiva dnevnika: otpor malograđanskome, pozicija žene u patrijarhalnom društvu Hrvatske druge polovice dvadesetog stoljeća, obiteljski odnosi, pozicija Divne Zečević u akademskom i umjetničkom krugu i marginalnost uzrokovana njenim pripadništvom nacionalnoj manjini. Analiza će se koristiti teorijskim pregledima o žanru dnevnika i njegovoj problematičnoj poziciji u odnosu tekstualnosti dnevnika s kontekstom života van njega
Rhetorical Analysis and Comparison of the Presidents of the Croatian Democratic Union (CDU)
Full text linkOvaj rad bavi se retoričkom analizom četiriju predsjednika HDZ-a: Franje Tuđmana, Ive Sanadera, Tomislava Karamarka i Andreja Plenkovića. U radu se rabi metoda deskriptivne analize, a govori se analiziraju na trima razinama: na razini argumentacije, govorne izvedbe te govorničkoga stila. Svaki je od govornikâ u analizi zastupljen dvama govorima, od kojih je jedan govor na obljetnici (epideiktički žanr), a drugi govor na predizbornome skupu (deliberativni žanr). Rezultati su analize pokazali kako su Ivo Sanader i Andrej Plenković najvještiji govornici, i to na svim trima razinama, kako Tuđman nije osobito dobar govornik, a daleko je najlošiji govornik Tomislav Karamarko.This work deals with the rhetorical analysis of four presidents of the Croatian Democratic Union (CDU): Franjo Tuđman, Ivo Sanader, Tomislav Karamarko and Andrej Plenković. The method of descriptive analysis is used throughout the work, while the speeches are analysed at three levels: at the level of argumentation, speech delivery and speech style. Each of the speakers in the analysis is represented by two speeches, one of which is a speech at an anniversary (epideictic genre) and the other being a speech at a pre-election rally (deliberative genre). The analysis results have shown that Ivo Sanader and Andrej Plenković were the most proficient speakers at all three levels, that Tuđman was not a particularly good speaker and the speaker Tomislav Karamarko being the worst speaker
Čovjek i tehnologija
Full text linkCilj ovog rada je u sažetom obliku predstaviti fenomen tehnologije, i to ne samo kroz filozofsko poimanje termina ili etičko-moralne dileme uporabe tehnologije nego i kroz prizmu popularno-znanstvene pa i znanstveno-fantastične diskusije o tehnologiji. U uvodnom dijelu naglasak je na kulturno-povijesnim momentima vezanima za tehnologiju. U središnjem dijelu rada ključna su pitanja same upotrebe tehnologije kao i njezina utjecaja na čovjeka i okoliš. Od upotreba koje zadiru u čovjekovu biološku, ali i metafizičku bit izdvojeni su genetičko modificiranje i kloniranje. Osim klasičnih teorijskih prikaza, inspiraciju su predstavljali i klasici znanstveno-fantastične literature. Nakon proučavanja literature i susretanja s kritičarima i zagovornicima tehnologije, zaključuje se da tehnologija može u jednakoj mjeri biti zastrašujuća i fascinantna, odnosno da može biti uzrokom našeg istrebljenja, ali i spasa.The aim of this work is to present, in a summarized form, the phenomenon of technology, not only through philosophical views on the notion of technology or ethical-moral dilemmas regarding its use, but also through popular-scientific and science fiction discussion on technology. In the introductory part of the work, the cultural-historical moments regarding the phenomenon of technology have been emphasized. In the central part of the work, the most important questions are the questions on the use of technology and its influence on the man and the nature. Among the uses which penetrate into the human biological, but also metaphysical essence, the genetic modification and cloning have been emphasized. Besides the classical theoretical approaches, the inspiration for this rethinking the issues of technology represented the classics of science fiction literature. After research of the literature, both critics and advocates of technology, the conclusion is that technology can be both horrifying and fascinating, i.e. it can be a cause of both our extinction and our salvation
La figura dell'animale non umano nella 'Legenda aurea' di Iacopo da Varagine : volgarizzamento di Niccolo Manerbi del 1475
Full text linkLa figura dell’animale è stata ignorata per molto tempo da parte degli storici, tuttavia da un paio di decenni lo studio di animali non umani costituisce una vera e propria sfida per gli studiosi contemporanei. Agli animali non umani si conferisce sempre maggior importanza anche negli studi umanistici. In particolar modo gli studiosi hanno rivolto il proprio interesse al Medioevo, un periodo nel quale la figura dell’animale è onnipresente in campi differenti, tra cui l’araldica, il folclore, la toponimia; lo studio dell’animale non umano è sempre più presente nell’analisi di proverbi, canzoni e imprecazioni.
Dalla caduta dell’Impero Romano d’Occidente ci sono voluti diversi secoli per una rifioritura economica, sociale e culturale. Il primato della cultura per tutto il Medioevo, fino all’inizio dell’Umanesimo, era detenuto dalla Chiesa. In questo arco di tempo uno dei generi letterari più popolari in ambito religioso è senz’altro l’exemplum.
Una delle raccolte di exempla medievali è la Legenda aurea, che è anche una collezione di agiografie, scritta in latino e molto popolare tra i predicatori di Duecento e Trecento, in particolare degli ordini mendicanti, quali i francescani e i domenicani che inserivano frammenti di exempla nei loro sermoni o nelle loro prediche. L’autore dell’opera è Iacopo da Varagine o, in alcuni casi, si preferisce l’alternativa Varazze.
Iacopo da Varagine visse nel Duecento, ma non si conosce data esatta della sua nascita e della sua morte. Ciò che si sa di lui è che fu arcivescovo di Genova e che dedicò tutta la sua vita all’attività pastorale, ai sermoni e allo studio, e insegnò teologia. La sua opera di maggior rilievo fu appunto la Legenda aurea.
La Legenda aurea fu compilata nella seconda metà del Duecento, tra gli anni ’60 del XIII secolo e il 1298. Nell’arco del Trecento, in particolare dopo il volgarizzamento, la Legenda aurea divenne un vero e proprio bestseller e lo testimoniano l’ottantina di codici conservati prima del XIV secolo e intorno a 1320 manoscritti in totale. Data la sua crescente popolarità a partire dai primi anni del Trecento, si è cominciata a tradurre la Legenda aurea nei vari dialetti del volgare della Penisola, potendo così avere un pubblico più ampio. La versione in volgare che andremo ad analizzare è quella pubblicata a Venezia nel 1475 a cura di Niccolò Manerbi, nell’edizione moderna del 1993 a cura di Giorgio Varanini e Guido Baldassarri.
In questo lavoro sarà da prima trattata la figura dell’animale in generale nel mondo cristiano, in modo da poter capire come essa è stata realizzata nella Legenda aurea. In seguito si effettuerà un’analisi più approfondita del ruolo animale in quell’opera. L’ordine delle figure degli animali da analizzare andrà da quelli più citati a quelli che lo sono di meno. Nel caso diverse specie di animali siano menzionate in egual numero, allora si procederà per ordine alfabetico.
Data la vastità del numero di animali, in realtà zoonimi, che “popolano” la Legenda aurea, ne saranno analizzati solamente sei che compaiono negli exempla apostolici. Sono stati presi in considerazione quelli che sono stati giudicati i simboli di maggior importanza nell’ambito cristiano. Andando per ordine: pecora (agnello, ariete e pecora), cane, pesce, serpente (ma si farà anche un breve excursus sul “dracone”), gallo e verme. Tuttavia prima di addentrarci in un’analisi più approfondita, andremo a trattare la figura dell’animale non umano in generale e di seguito esamineremo il genere dell’exemplum, entrando poi nel dettaglio con la Legenda aurea.
Essendo gli animal studies una disciplina relativamente nuova, non ci sono molte fonti a cui attingere (la bibliografia consiste principalmente in alcuni bestiari medievali), e per questo motivo la tesi è strutturata in tale modo che nella prima parte di ogni capitolo si faranno dei cenni in generale per ciascuna figura di animale, per poi restringere il campo della ricerca alla Legenda aurea, facendo riferimento alla prima parte della sezione
The determinants of engagement in learning physics
Full text linkCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odrednice uključenosti u nastavu i učenje fizike na
uzorku učenika 7. razreda osnovne škole. Teorijski okvir činile su Teorija socijalne kognicije,
Teorija samoodređenja, Teorija očekivanja i vrijednosti te koncept uključenosti. Uključenost je
operacionalizirana kao trodimenzionalni konstrukt kojeg čine bihevioralna, kognitivna i
emocionalna uključenost. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 643 učenika 7. razreda iz 35 razrednih
odjeljenja iz ukupno deset osnovnih škola u Zagrebu u tri točke ispitivanja. Završni uzorak je
činilo 436 učenika kod kojih su se mogli povezati podaci iz sve tri točke istraživanja. Rezultati
višerazinskog linearnog modeliranja pokazali su da su pozitivni prediktori bihevioralne
uključenosti u učenje fizike osobine ugodnosti i savjesnosti, samoefikasnost u fizici, interes za
fiziku, važnost fizike, individualna percepcija nastavničke strukture i nastavničkog poticanja
autonomije te percepcija korisnosti i važnosti fizike na razini razrednog odjeljenja. Pozitivnim
prediktorima kognitivne uključenosti u učenje fizike na individualnoj razini pokazali su se
savjesnost, samoefikasnost u fizici, vrijednost fizike kao i nastavničko poticanje autonomije.
Na razini razrednog odjeljenja su se pozitivnim prediktorima kognitivne uključenosti pokazali
samoefikasnost u fizici i važnost fizike, a negativnim prediktorom razredni interes za fiziku.
Pozitivnim prediktorima emocionalne uključenosti u učenje fizike na individualnoj razini su se
pokazali ekstraverzija i emocionalna stabilnost, samoefikasnost u fizici, interes za fiziku te
individualna percepcija nastavničke strukture, a negativnim prediktorima percepcija važnosti
fizike te konflikata među vršnjacima u razrednom odjeljenju. Na razini razrednih odjeljenja su
se pozitivnim prediktorima emocionalne uključenosti u učenje fizike pokazali samoefikasnost
u fizici i interes za fiziku, dok se važnost fizike pokazala negativnim prediktorom. Metoda
strukturalnog modeliranja je pokazala da je trokomponentna operacionalizacija uključenosti u
učenje fizike potpuni medijator u odnosu između učeničke savjesnosti i vrijednosti fizike te
ocjena iz fizike i zadovoljstva u školi. Klaster analiza je pokazala tri profila učeničke
uključenosti u učenje fizike: optimalni, anksiozni i umjereni. Analiza varijance je pokazala da
optimalno uključeni učenici značajno višom procjenjuju svoju samoefikanost u fizici i
vrijednost fizike te postižu bolje ocjene i više zadovoljstvo u školi u odnosu na učenike s
profilom anksiozne i umjerene uključenosti u učenje fizike.Engagement is a concept from the field of motivation, although it is about different but
related constructs: while motivation is a private, psychological, neural and biological process
that precedes engagement, it could be said that engagement is an objectively perceived
manifestation of motivation (Reeve, 2012). It is generally accepted that both motivation and
engagement are influenced by the context, that there are individual differences in the way pupils
respond to the environment, and that these constructs are associated with important student
outcomes (Reschly & Christenson, 2012). the aim of this research was to examine the determinants of engagement in
classroom and learning activities in physics on a sample of 7th
-grade elementary school pupils.
The specific objectives were: (1) to investigate the predictors of different aspects (behavioral,
cognitive, emotional) of engagement in classroom and learning activities in physics; (2) to
examine the role of engagement in classroom and learning activities in physics as a mediator in
the relationship between the perception of the context (the teacher's motivational style and
relationship with peers) and personal characteristics (personality traits and motivation for
learning physics) on one hand, and grades in physics and satisfaction in school on other; and
(3) in a person-centered approach, to identify the profiles of engagement in learning physics
and to examine whether these profiles differ in the subjective value of physics, self-efficacy in
physics, grades in physics, and satisfaction in school.
As a theoretical framework, three theories of motivation were used: the theory of social
cognition (Bandura, 1986); the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985); the expectancy–
value theory of achievement motivation (Wigfield & Eccles, 2000); and the concept of
engagement (Connell & Wellborn, 1991; Fredrics et al., 2004; Reeve, 2012; Skinner & Pitzer,
2012)
Digital technologies in communication between teachers and parents
Full text linkDoktorska disertacija pod nazivom Digitalne tehnologije u komunikaciji odgojitelja i roditelja
daje prikaz teorijske i konceptualne osnove te nalaze istraživanja mišljenja i stavova odgojitelja
i roditelja o upotrebama digitalnih tehnologija u međusobnoj komunikaciji.
Od 60-ih godina 20. stoljeća kada se pojavljuje interes znanstvenika za pitanja suradnje obitelji
i odgojno-obrazovne ustanove pa do danas objavljen je niz istraživanja u kojima se pokušalo
odgovoriti zašto i kako surađivati (Stričević, 2010; Jackson i Needham, 2014). U istraživanjima
odnosa roditelja i odgojitelja znanstvenici se koriste različitim terminima – uključivanje
roditelja, suradnja s roditeljima, roditeljska participacija, rad s roditeljima, te partnerstvo s
roditeljima (Maleš, 1996; Hornby i Lafaele 2011). Tijekom vremena dolazi do promjena u
odnosima između obitelji i odgojno-obrazovne ustanove s obzirom na moć, uloge i način
komunkacije sudionika u odnosu. Upravo ta činjenica poticaj je za istraživanje ove teme u
današnje vrijeme digitalnih tehnologija. Rad započinje prikazom teorija od samih začetaka
komunikacije pa sve do danas,s posebnim naglaskom na teorije temeljene na upotrebi digitalnih
tehnologija u procesu komunikacije s naglaskom na servise za komunikaciju kao što su Viber,
WhatsApp te društvene mreže Facebook, Instagram i Pinterest koje također omogućavaju
komunikaciju svojim korisnicima. Spomenute servise i društvene mreže istraživalo se iz
segmenta njihove zastupljenosti u komunikacijskom procesu u ustanovama za rani i predškolski
odgoj i obrazovanje. S naglaskom na ulogu odgojitelja u kontekstu upotrebe digitalnih
tehnologija, njegovu informatičku pismenosti te razvoj komunikacije od tradicionalnog ka
suvremenom u odnosu na korisnike usluge ustanove odnosno roditelja djece rane i predškolske
dobi. Komunikacijske kompetencije i informatička pismenost odgojitelja promatrana je kao
konstruktor znanja za razvoj kvalitetnijih komunikacijskih procesa.
Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati mišljenje i stavove te navike odgojitelja i roditelja u odnosu na
korištenje digitalnih tehnologija u međusobnoj komunikaciji. S obzirom na postavljeni cilj,
proizlazi glavna hipoteza (Hg) koje glasi: Postoji statistički značajna razlika u komunikaciji
između roditelja i odgojitelja putem digitalne tehnologije. Istraživanju se pristupilo kvantitativnim i kvalitativnim istraživačkim postupcima
polazeći od hipoteze da digitalne tehnologije potiču razvoj pozitivne komunikacije između
odgojitelja i roditelja te imajući na umu preferirane oblike komunikacije od tradicionalne do suvremene. Podaci su se prikupljali putem upitnika te fokus grupa. S obzirom na to da nije
pronađen odgovarajući instrument, za potrebe ovoga istraživanja konstruiran je instrument na
osnovi definiranih ključnih činitelja komunikacije i servisa za komunikaciju. Instrument je
pilotiran radi utvrđivanja metrijskih vrijednosti koje su pokazale validnost čestica upitnika.
Ispitivala su se mišljenja i navike odgojitelja i roditelja u vezi s komunikacijom općenito, kao i
međusobnom komunikacijom, s naglaskom na korištenje digitalne tehnologije. Istraživački
postupci provedeni su u svibnju 2017. godine. Rad predstavlja opsežno istraživanje
komunikacije putem digitalne tehnologije između roditelja i odgojitelja djece rane i predškolske
dobi u Gradu Zagrebu.
Empirijsko istraživanje provedeno je na demografski stratificiranom uzorku prema
zemljopisnom području. Na taj način željela se postići ujednačenost roditelja i odgojitelja po
ustanovama za rani i predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje u Gradu Zagrebu. Ustanove koje su
sudjelovale u istraživanju pokrivaju sveukupni teritorij Grada Zagreba (sve četiri strane svijeta
te uži centar). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo devet ustanove za rani i predškolski odgoj i
obrazovanje: „Bukovac“, „Vedri dani“, „Maksimir“, „Cvrčak“, „Siget“, „Utrine“, „Sunčana“,
„Prečko“ i „Različak“. Anketno ispitivanje provedeno je na slučajnom uzorku roditelja koji su
u vrijeme provedbe istraživanja imali dijete u dobi od 5 do 6 godina koje je pohađalo jednu od
navedenih ustanova. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od ukupno N=742 ispitanika odnosno
N=342 odgojitelja i N=356 roditelja. Temeljeno na dobivenim rezultatima, (M=4,3;SD=0,94)
odgojitelja i (M=4,7;SD=0,60) roditelja smatra da je digitalna tehnologija vrlo korisna te se to
može smatrati temeljnim polazištem u izjednačenosti mišljenja roditelja i odgojitelja.
Prema rezultatima istraživanja prva hipoteza H1 djelomično je potvrđena jer je mišljenje
odgojitelja i roditelja u vezi s poticanjem pozitivne komunikacije putem digitalne tehnologije u
koliziji. Šesta je hipoteza H6 odbačena jer nije utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između
radnog staža odgojitelja i roditelja te izbora servisa za komunikaciju. Ostale hipoteze su
potvrđene te su samim time prihvaćene, pa se može govoriti o značajnom utjecaju digitalne
tehnologije na komunikaciju između odgojitelja i roditelja.
Rezultati omogućuju jasniji uvid u mišljenje i navike odgojitelja i roditelja o
komunikaciji te preferiranje tradicionalnog odnosno suvremenog oblika komunikacije. Uz
utvrđivanje preferencije roditelja odnosno odgojitelja o oblicima komunikacije, doprinos rada
temelji se na otkrivanju promjena u komunikaciji između odgojitelja i roditelja nastalih pod
utjecajem suvremenog digitalnog okruženja u odnosu na tradicionalne komunikacijske oblike, kao determinante njihovih međuodnosa. Dobiveni rezultati mogu biti temeljne smjernice
promjena u edukaciji odgojitelja što se tiče komunikacije s roditeljima te organizacije i
funkcioniranja predškolskih institucija općenito, jer je komunikacija ogledalo organizacije.
Istraživanje je pokazalo da postoji potreba za promjenama u komunikaciji između
roditelja i odgojitelja te za osiguravanjem mogućnosti za aktivnijim korištenjem digitalnih
tehnologija u tom procesu (O'Hara, Massimi, Harper, Rubens i Morris, 2014). Postoje određene
razlike u oblicima komunikacije koje preferiraju roditelji od onih koje preferiraju odgojitelji,
međutim, zajedničko je mišljenje da je komunikacija licem u lice temelj komunikacije.
Digitalna tehnologija pridonosi nadogradnji tradicionalnih oblika komunikacije te
komunikaciju čini funkcionalnijom, bržom i lakše dostupnom svima, bez obzira na trenutačnu
lokaciju i udaljenost od ustanove za rani i predškolski odgoji i obrazovanje, odnosno odgojitelja
kao subjekta u procesu komunikacije (Sully, Barbour i Roberts-King, 2015 ).
Znanstveni doprinos ovog istraživanja vidljiv je na nekoliko razina. Prvu razinu čini teorijski
pristup komunikaciji odgojitelja i roditelja od tradicionalnog do suvremenog, što do sada nije
prikazano na ovaj način te se može smatrati znanstvenim doprinosom. Također nisu pronađeni
instrumenti koji mjere preferencije odgojitelja i roditelja u međusobnoj komunikaciji putem
digitalne tehnologije primjerene za korištenje na populaciji hrvatskih odgojitelja i roditelja s
obzirom na organizacijske i kulturne specifičnosti, stoga razvoj instrumenta u ovom
istraživanju predstavlja drugu razinu znanstvenog doprinosa. Zadnja razina znanstvenog
doprinosa vidljiva je u korištenju rezultata ovog istraživanja kao polazne točke za nova
istraživanja komunikacije odgojitelja i roditelja putem digitalne tehnologije.Doctoral dissertation titled Digital technology in communication between kindergarten
teachers and parents gives an overview of the theoretical and conceptual basis and conclusions
obtained through research on opinions and attitudes of parents on the use of digital technology
in mutual communication.
Since the 60s, when the interest among scientists regarding the question of collaboration
between families and educational institutions first started to emerge, until today, a series of
studies have been published, seeking to answer why and how to collaborate (Stričević, 2010;
Jackson & Needham, 2014). In their research on kindergarten teacher-parent relationships,
scientists use various terms – parental involvement, collaboration with parents, parental
participation, work with parents, and partnership with parents (Maleš, 1996; Hornby & Lafaele
2011). Over time, there occured a change in the relationship between parents and educational
institutions with regard to the power, role, and mode of communication of the participants in
this relationship. It is this fact that is a source of inspiration for conducting research on this
topic today, in the time of digital technology. The paper begins with giving an overview of the
theories from the very beginnings of communication until today, with a special emphasis on
theories based on the use of digital technology in the process of communication, with an
emphasis on communication services such as Viber, WhatsApp, and social networks Facebook,
Instagram, and Pinterest, which also enable communication among their users. The mentioned
services and social networks were investigated with regard to the extent to which they are used
in the communication process in institutions for early childhood and preschool education, with
an emphasis on the role of kindergarten teachers in the context of the use of digital technology,
their IT literacy, and the development of communication from traditional to contemporary, in
relation to the users of the services of institutions, or parents of children of early and preschool
age. Communicative competences and IT literacy of kindergarten teachers were observed as a
knowledge constructor for the development of more quality communication processes. The aim of this research was to examine the opinions and attitudes, as well as habits, of
kindergarten teachers and parents regarding the use of digital technology in mutual
communication. Given the set aim, the following research question arose: What changes does
the use of digital technology bring in communication between parents and kindergarten
teachers?
The research was approached by means of quantitative and qualitative research methods,
starting from the hypothesis that the digital technology encourages the development of positive
communication between kindergarten teachers and parents and the preferred forms of
communication, from traditional to contemporary ones. The data were collected by means of
questionnaires and focus groups. Since no suitable instrument was found, one has been designed
for the purposes of this research, based on the defined key communication actors and
communication services. The instrument was piloted to determine the metric values which
showed the validity of questionnaire items. The opinions and habits of kindergarten teachers
and parents regarding communication in general, as well as mutual communication, were
examined, with an emphasis on the use of digital technology. Research procedures were carried
out in May 2017. The paper presents an extensive research of digital communication between
parents and kindergarten teachers in the City of Zagreb.
Empirical research was conducted on a demographically stratified sample (with regard to the
geographical area). In this way, a uniformity of parents and kindergarten teachers across
different institutions for early childhood and preschool education in the City of Zagreb was
sought to be achieved. The institutions which took part in the research cover the entire territory
of the City of Zagreb (all four cardinal directions and the downtown). Nine institutions for early
childhood and preschool education took part in this research: “Bukovac”, “Vedri dani”,
“Maksimir”, “Cvrčak”, “Siget”, “Utrine”, “Sunčana”, “Prečko” and “Različak”. The survey
was conducted on a random sample of parents who at the time of the research had a child aged
5 to 6 attending one of the mentioned institutions. The research was conducted on the total of
N=742 respondents, or N=342 kindergarten teachers and N=356 parents. Based on the results,
(M=4.3; SD=0.94) kindergarten teachers and (M=4.7; SD=0.60) parents consider that digital
technology is very useful, and this can be considered a fundamental starting point in the
uniformity of parents’ and kindergarten teachers’ opinions.
According to the results of this research, the first hypothesis, H1, was partially confirmed,
because the opinions of kindergarten teachers and those of parents collide when it comes to encouraging positive communication through digital technology. The sixth hypothesis, H6, was
discarded because no statistically significant correlation was found between the teachers’ and
parents’ length of work experience and the choice of communication services. Other hypotheses
have been confirmed and, therefore, accepted, so it can be said that digital technology has a
significant influence on the parent-teacher communication.
The results provide a clearer insight into opinions and habits of kindergarten teachers and
parents regarding communication, and the preference of traditional or modern means of
communication. In addition to identifying preferences of parents and kindergarten teachers
regarding the means of communication, the contribution of this research is based on discovering
changes in communication between kindergarten teachers and parents that ensued under the
influence of contemporary digital environment as compared to the traditional means of
communication, as the determinants of their interrelationships. The results obtained can be
fundamental guidelines for changes in education of kindergarten teachers regarding
communication with parents, and organization and functioning of preschool institutions in
general, because the communication is a mirror of organization.
This research has shown there is a need for changes in communication between kindergarten
teachers and parents, as well as for providing possibilities for more active use of digital
technology in this process (O'Hara, Massimi, Harper, Rubens & Morris, 2014). There are
certain differences in forms of communication which are preferred by parents and those
preferred by kindergarten teachers, however, they both share the opinion that face to face
communication is the basis of communication. The digital technology contributes to the
upgrading of traditional forms of communication and is seeking to make communication more
functional, faster, and more easily accessible to all, regardless of current location and distance
from the early childhood and preschool education institution, or the kindergarten teacher as the
subject in the process of communication (Sully, Barbour i Roberts-King, 2015).
The scientific contribution of this research is visible on several levels. The first level is based
on the theoretical approach to the parent-teacher communication, from the traditional to
contemporary, which has not yet been presented in this way, so it can be considered a scientific
contribution. Furthermore, no instruments have been found measuring parents’ and teachers’
preferences regarding mutual communication by means of digital technology which would be
appropriate for the use on Croatian kindergarten teachers and parents, considering their cultural specificity, therefore the development of the instrument used for this research represents
another level of scientific contribution. When it comes to the last level of scientific contribution,
there is a possibility to use the results of this research as a starting point for new research on
communication between kindergarten teachers and parents through digital technology
The mediating role of early maladaptive shemas and cognitive coping on relationship between attachment and simptoms of psychopathology
No full textUvod: Prema kognitivnim modelima psihopatologije, kao jedan od mogućih etioloških čimbenika navodi se nesigurna privrženost. Poznato je da unutarnji radni modeli privrženosti, kao i kognitivne sheme, utječu na usmjeravanje pažnje, dosjećanje i interpretaciju informacija na pristran način, što podržava ideju da oba koncepta imaju zajedničke mehanizme i funkcioniraju na usporediv način. S obzirom na očekivanja prema kojima sheme nastaju iz specifičnosti odnosa roditelj-dijete, pretpostavlja se da one sadržavaju specifična vjerovanja, odnosno čine kognitivne obrasce radnog modela privrženosti, te posredstvom neadekvatnih strategija regulacije emocija, doprinose nastanku simptoma psiholoških poremećaja.
Cilj i metodologija: Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je proširiti razumijevanje mehanizma nastanka internaliziranih teškoća u kontekstu teorije privrženosti, te se u tu svrhu provjerila medijacijska uloga ranih neprilagođenih shema i kognitivne regulacije emocija u odnosu između privrženosti ljubavnom partneru te simptoma anksioznosti i depresivnosti. Istraživački uzorak sačinjavali su sudionici kliničke skupine s anksioznim poremećajima i poremećajima raspoloženja (N=269). Istraživački problemi provjereni su korelacijskim nacrtom u kojem je ispitan odnos privrženosti, ranih neprilagođenih shema, kognitivne regulacije emocija te depresivnosti i anksioznosti putem modela dvostruke medijacije.
Rezultati: Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju pozitivnu povezanost dimenzija nesigurne privrženosti, ranih neprilagođenih shema, neadaptivnih kognitivnih strategija regulacije emocija te simptoma depresivnosti i anksioznosti. Provjerom modela dvostruke medijacije utvrđen je parcijalni posredujući doprinos shema iz domena odvojenost i odbačenost i oštećena autonomija i postignuće, te strategija samookrivljavanje i katastrofizacija, u odnosu između dimenzije anksioznosti i simptoma depresivnosti. Odnos između dimenzije izbjegavanje i simptoma depresivnosti posredovan je parcijalnim doprinosom domena odvojenost i odbačenost, oštećena autonomija i postignuće te strategijom katastrofizacije. Odnos između dimenzije anksioznosti i simptoma anksioznosti, kao i odnos dimenzije izbjegavanje i simptoma anksioznosti, posredovan je parcijalnim doprinosom domene oštećena autonomija i postignuće, te strategijom katastrofizacije.
Zaključak: Nesigurno privržene osobe koje se liječe zbog anksioznih ili depresivnih poremećaja, pokazuju značajnu izraženost brojnih neprilagođenih shema, te koriste neadaptivne kognitivne strategije regulacije emocija u stresnim situacijama, uz povišenu anksioznost i depresivnost. Odnos između dimenzija anksioznost i izbjegavanje, te obje vrste internaliziranih poteškoća posredovan je pojačanim očekivanjima pojedinca da njegove potrebe za sigurnošću, stabilnošću, brigom i prihvaćanjem neće biti zadovoljene; percipiranom nesposobnošću za samostalno i neovisno funkcioniranje i postizanje uspjeha, te prenaglašavanjem negativnih strana i posljedica nekog stresnog događaja, kao i samookrivljavanjem. Nalazi potvrđuju početnu pretpostavku prema kojoj se radni modeli privrženosti mogu ispitivati kao kognitivne sheme, te ukazuju na važnost strategija hiperaktivacije kod nesigurno privrženih pojedinaca u odnosu na psihološko funkcioniranje. U spoznajnome smislu, rezultati ističu važnost uloge kognitivnih faktora u psihopatologiji, a u praktičnom smislu mogu pridonijeti obogaćivanju psihoterapijskih pristupa spoznajama iz teorije privrženosti.Introduction: According to cognitive models of psychopathology, insecure attachment is described as one of the possible etiologic factors. It is well-known that the inner working models of attachment, as well as cognitive schemes, affect the attention, recall and interpretation of information in a biased way, supporting the idea that both concepts have common mechanisms and function on comparable way. Given the expectations that the schemas originate from the specificity of parent-child relationship, it is assumed that they contain specific beliefs, or represent cognitive patterns of the working model of attachment, and by maladaptive strategies of emotional regulation, contribute to the emergence of symptoms of psychological disorders.
Aim and methodology: The aim of this study was to broaden the understanding of the mechanism of internalized difficulties in the context of the attachment theory, and to this end, to look at the mediation role of early maladaptive schemas and maladaptive cognitive emotional regulation in the relationship between attachment to romantic partner and the symptoms of anxiety and depression. The research sample consisted of clinical group participants with anxiety disorders and mood disorders (N = 269). The research problems were explored via correlation design in which the relationship of attachment, early inadequate schemas, cognitive emotional regulation, and depression and anxiety were studied through the double-mediation model.
Results: Research results show a positive correlation between the dimensions of insecure attachment, early maladaptive schemas, maladaptive strategies of cognitive emotional regulation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. By checking the double-mediation model, the partial mediating contribution of the domain abandonment / instability and the impaired autonomy and performance, as well as the strategy of catastrophizing and selfblame, were determined in relation to the attachment anxiety and depression symptoms. The relationship between attachment avoidance and symptoms of depression was mediated by the partial contribution of domain abandonment / instability and impaired autonomy and performance, and catastrophizing. The relationship between the attachment anxiety and symptoms of anxiety, as well as the relationship between the attachment avoidance and the symptoms of anxiety, was mediated by the partial contribution of the domain of impaired autonomy and performance, and the catastrophizing.
Conclusion: People with insecure attachment who have anxiety or depression disorders, show significant manifestations of numerous maladaptive schemas, and use maladaptive strategies of emotional regulation in stressful situations, with increased anxiety and depression. The relationship between anxiety and avoidance attachment and both types of internalized difficulties are mediated by increased expectations of the individual that his needs for security, stability, concern and acceptance will not be met; perceived incompetence for independent functioning and achievement of success, over-balancing the negative side and consequences of a stressful event as well as self-blaming. The findings confirm the initial assumption that working models of attachment can be examined as cognitive schemas, and point to the importance of hyperactivation strategies for individuals with insecure attachment in relation to psychological functioning. In scientific terms, results point out the importance of the role of cognitive factors in psychopathology, and in practical terms can contribute to the enrichment of psychotherapeutic approaches to knowledge of the attachment theory
Competencia sociolingüística en la clase de ELE en ejemplo de los refranes y proverbios
Full text linkCilj ovog diplomskog rada je istražiti razvijanje sociolingvističke kompetencije u nastavi španjolskog jezika na primjeru izreka i poslovica. Prema ZEROJ-u (2002) sociolingvistička kompetencija odnosi se na poznavanje i uporabu stranog jezika u kulturno društvenom kontekstu. Pritom uključuje mudre izreke i poslovice koje su prisutne u stranom jeziku te njihovu upotrebu u različitim situacijama. Izreke i poslovice često se koriste u naslovima časopisa te u kolokvijalnom govoru (ZEROJ, 2002). One su dio sociolingvističke kompetencije govornika koja uključuje interakciju, stupanj formalnosti govora i norme ponašanja (Starc, 2011). U radu će se propitati zašto treba uvrstiti izreke i poslovice u nastavu španjolskog jezika te koje vrste izreka i poslovica bi bilo dobro poučavati (Sardelli, 2009). Analiza pedeset udžbenika španjolskog jezika pokazala je vrlo malu zastupljenost izreka i poslovica u nastavi. Od pedeset udžbenika, izreke i poslovice se koriste u samo četrnaest udžbenika te su često prisutne izvan konteksta (Campo Martínez, 2001). U istraživačkom dijelu rada cilj je utvrditi razinu sociolingvističke kompetencije studenata na primjeru izreka i poslovica te utvrditi stavove prema ulozi tih sadržaja kako u komunikaciji na španjolskom jeziku tako i u nastavi. Pretpostavka je da na višim godinama studija studenti više poznaju i koriste izreke i poslovice u španjolskom jeziku, a samim time raste i njihov pozitivan stav o važnosti izreka i poslovica kako u komunikaciji na stranom jeziku tako i u nastavi. Nakon provedenog istraživanja na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu pokazalo se kako studenti znaju španjolske izreke i poslovice te njihovo sveukupno poznavanje izreka raste od prve do pete godine s ponekim odstupanjima kod određenih izreka. Također raste pozitivan stav te interes studenata za izreke i poslovice u nastavi španjolskog jezika. Samim time može se zaključiti da bi se izreke i poslovice trebale više uvrstiti u nastavu španjolskog jezika jer su one važan dio jezičnog korpusa svakog jezika.En este trabajo se tratará de investigar el desarrollo de la competencia sociolingüística en la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera en el ejemplo de los refranes y proverbios. Para el Marco común europeo de referencia (MCER, 2002) la competencia sociolingüística se refiere al conocimiento y uso de la lengua extranjera en el contexto sociocultural. Eso incluye los refranes y proverbios que están presentes en la lengua extranjera y su uso en distintas situaciones. Los refranes y proverbios se usan muchas veces como títulos en los periódicos y también en el habla coloquial (MCER, 2002). Son parte de la competencia sociolingüística de un hablante que incluye interacción, formalidad en el habla y normas de cortesía (Starc, 2011). En el trabajo se analizará por qué se deben incluir los refranes y proverbios en la clase de español y cuáles sería bueno enseñar (Sardelli, 2009). Un análisis de cincuenta manuales de español resultó con una pequeña presencia de refranes y proverbios en la enseñanza. De cincuenta manuales, solo en catorce se usaban los refranes y proverbios y muchas veces fuera de contexto (Campo Martínez, 2001). En la parte de investigación de este trabajo se quiere establecer el nivel de la competencia sociolingüística de los estudiantes en el ejemplo de los refranes y proverbios y establecer las actitudes hacia su contenido en la comunicación en español y en la clase de español. Se ha partido de la suposición que en los niveles más altos los estudiantes conocen y usan más los refranes y proverbios en español. Al mismo tiempo, crecería su actitud positiva sobre la importancia de los refranes y proverbios en la comunicación en español y en la enseñanza. Después de la investigación en la Universidad de Zagreb se puede concluir que los estudiantes conocen los refranes y proverbios españoles y su conocimiento en total crece del primer a quinto año con algunas irregularidades respecto a algunos refranes. También crece la actitud positiva e interés de los estudiantes con relación a los refrenas y proverbios en la clase de ELE. Se puede concluir que los refranes y proverbios deberían incluirse más en la clase de ELE porque son una parte importante del corpus idiomático de cada lengua