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Students’ habits of using news portals and tendency of accepting populism
No full textSvrha je ovoga doktorskoga rada upotpuniti dosadašnje spoznaje novim empirijskim podacima o populizmu u hrvatskom društvu. Opći je cilj istraživanja bio utvrditi odnos između sadržaja dnevnoinformativnih portala koje studenti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu najčešće koriste i njihove sklonosti prihvaćanju pojedinih tipova (lijevog i desnog) populizma. U prvom koraku istraživanja provedena je anketa na uzorku od 1189 studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, a u drugom analiza 250 kolumni sa dnevnoinformativnih portala koje studenti najčešće koriste. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su prihvaćanju općeg populizma skloniji studenti koji češće koriste dnevnoinformativni portal 24sata.hr, a neskloniji oni koji češće koriste Jutarnji.hr i Večernji.hr. Prihvaćanju lijevog populizma skloniji su studenti koji češće koriste Index.hr, a prihvaćanju desnog oni koji češće koriste 24sata.hr. Neskloniji prihvaćanju desnog populizma su studenti koji češće koriste Index.hr i Jutarnji.hr. Prihvaćanju općeg populizma skloniji su studenti ženskog spola, koji svoj životni standard ocjenjuju lošijim, koji su na preddiplomskoj razini studija te čiji su roditelji slabijeg obrazovanja. Prihvaćanju lijevog populizma skloniji su studenti čiji su roditelji slabijeg obrazovanja, koji smatraju svoj životni standard lošijim te koji imaju manje povjerenja u sve političke, pravosudne, religijske i medijske institucije. Veću sklonost desnom populizmu pokazuju studenti muškog spola, čiji su roditelji slabijeg obrazovanja, studenti prirodoslovnotehničko-biomedicinsko-biotehničkog studijskog usmjerenja, koji imaju manje povjerenja u institucije EU i medije, a više povjerenja u nacionalne političke, pravosudne i religijske institucije te koji su više desno politički orijentirani i religiozniji. Analizom sadržaja kolumni na dnevnoinformativnim portalima utvrđeno je da su Index.hr i Jutarnji.hr više lijevo populistički, a Večernji.hr, Dnevnik.hr i 24sata.hr više desno populistički. Korisnici portala Index.hr skloniji su prihvaćanju lijevog i neskloniji prihvaćanju desnog populizma, dok su korisnici portala Jutarnji.hr manje skloni prihvaćanju desnog populizma. S druge strane, korisnici portala 24sata.hr manje su skloni prihvaćanju desnog populizma, dok su korisnici portala Večernji.hr skloniji prihvaćanju općeg populizma. Dobiveni nalazi raspravljeni su u kontekstu teorija o medijskim učincima, mogućim društvenim posljedicama jačanja populizma te odnosa medija i populizma u suvremeno doba.For the past few decades, the emergence and strengthening of populism in modern societies has intensified the interest of social scientists for exploring its causes and consequences. Two factors that contribute the most to the growth and strengthening of populism are politics and the media. In contemporary society, media play an increasingly important role in expanding political ideas. This makes policy increasingly dependent on media, and the power of that trend is described as the mediatization of politics. The media are considered mediators towards the media audience and also shapers of individuals’ attitudes, opinions, tendencies, feelings and behaviours. The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to contribute to the existing knowledge with new empirical data on populism in Croatian society. The relationship between populism and media in Croatian society was explored through students' habits, tendencies and opinions, and through the analysis of presence of media populism in the daily news portals that students most frequently use. Daily news portals were chosen for analysis of media populism because of the wide use of the internet among students, and the confidence students show towards it. The population of students was chosen because of its representative position in the youth population, and their influence on future social trends. The media effects of exposure to media populism have been analysed through consistency theories, uses-and-gratification theory, cultivation theory, agenda-setting theory, and the spiral of silence theory. The main aim of the research was to examine the relationship between the content of daily news portals students most frequently use and their tendencies to accept certain types of (leftwing and right-wing) populism. Research was based on two quantitative methods. In the first step, a survey was conducted with a sample of 1189 students at the University of Zagreb. The questionnaire designed for the purposes of this research consisted of questions about general purposes of using the media; internet use and internet political participation; habits of using daily news portals; tendency to accept populism; interest in politics, trust in institutions, and personal political orientation; degree of religiosity, socio-demographic characteristics, general information about students, and personal assessment of important social-political problems in Croatia. In the second step, a content analysis of daily news portals students most frequently use has been conducted. The analysis encompassed 250 columns dedicated to social and political issues. The analytical matrix designed for the purposes of this research consisted of content categories that covered general information about columns; content characteristics of columns; reference to people, elite and others, and their relationships; and the presence of political populist communication style. The first specific aim of the research was to examine the relationship between students’ habits in using daily news portals and their tendency to accept populism. The results show that students most frequently use portals Index.hr, Jutarnji.hr, Večernji.hr, Dnevnik.hr, and 24sata.hr. They most frequently choose the portals they use based on their personal assessment of portal’s political objectivity, and also, although less frequently, based on their perception of the accordance of the portal with their personal political orientation. Students are more inclined to accept the general than the right-wing populism, and also the left-wing than the right-wing populism. Students who are more inclined towards general populism are also more inclined towards left-wing and right-wing populism, but to a greater extent towards left-wing populism. Significant correlations have been established between the use of portals Index.hr, Jutarnji.hr and 24sata.hr and students’ tendency to accept populism. Students who more frequently use 24sata.hr are more inclined to accept the general and the right-wing populism; those who more frequently use Index.hr are more inclined to accept the left-wing and less inclined to accept the right-wing populism; those who more frequently use Jutarnji.hr are less inclined to accept the general and the right-wing populism; and those who more frequently use the Večernji.hr are less inclined to accept the general populism. However, all the obtained correlations are low. Overall, the results point to the conclusion that students’ habits in using certain daily news portals are related with their tendency to accept certain types of populism. The second specific aim of the research was to examine the relationship between students' tendency to accept populism and their socio-demographic characteristics, level of the study, field of the study, personal political orientation, trust in different institutions, and the degree of religiosity. The results show that male students are more inclined to accept general, and female students are more inclined to accept right-wing populism. The tendency to accept general, leftwing and right-wing populism is less pronounced among students whose parents are more educated. Students who rate their personal living standards as poorer are more inclined to accept general and left-wing populism. Acceptance of general populism is more pronounced among undergraduate students, while the acceptance of right-wing populism is more pronounced among students in the science-technology-biomedicine-biotechnology filed of the study. Students who are more right politically oriented are more inclined to accept right-wing populism. Religious students are somewhat more inclined to accept right-wing and general populism. Students who are more inclined to accept general populism have less confidence in the Croatian Government, the Croatian Parliament, and the EU institutions. Students who are more inclined to accept left-wing populism show less confidence in the President of the Republic of Croatia, the Croatian Government, the Croatian Parliament, the EU institutions, the Croatian Army, the police, the Church, and the media. Students who are more inclined to accept right-wing populism show less confidence in the EU institutions and the media, and more confidence in the President of the Republic of Croatia, the Croatian Government, the Croatian Parliament, the Croatian Army, the police and the Church. The result point to the general conclusion that students’ tendency to accept certain types of populism depends on their gender, parental education, perception of living standard, level and field of the study, personal political orientation, trust in different (inter)national institutions, and the degree of religiosity. The third specific aim of the research was to determine the presence of left-wing and right-wing populism in the content of daily news portals that students most frequently use. Media populism is the most present on the portal Index.hr, while it is the least present on the portal Dnevnik.hr. It is possible to perceive the trend that left-wing populism is more present on the Index.hr, and right-wing populism on the Večernji.hr. It is also noticeable that left-wing populism is the least present on the Dnevnik.hr, and right-wing populism on the Index.hr. Regarding the general orientation of daily news portals, obtained on the basis of calculating the differences between the presence of left-wing and right-wing populism, it has been established that Index.hr and Jutarnji.hr are more left-wing, and the Večernji.hr, Dnevnik.hr and 24sata.hr are more right-wing populistic. Based on the results, it can be concluded that left-wing and right-wing populism are represented to a different extent on examined daily news portals. The fourth specific aim of the research was to examine the relationship between students’ exposure to left-wing and right-wing media populism and their tendency to accept left-wing and right-wing populism. Students who are more exposed to left-wing populism of the Index.hr are more inclined to accept left-wing populism and less inclined to accept right-wing populism; students who are less exposed to left-wing populism of the Jutarnji.hr are more inclined towards right-wing populism; students who are less exposed to right-wing populism of the 24sata.hr are more inclined to accept right-wing populism; students who are more exposed to right-wing populism of Večernji.hr are more inclined to accept general populism. These results are mostly consistent with the trends observed in analyses of students’ self-reported habits in portal use and tendency of accepting left-wing and right-wing populism. Overall, based on the results, it can be concluded that students’ tendency to accept left-wing and right-wing populism is related with their exposure to left-wing and right-wing media populism. This study showed that students’ tendency to accept populism is related with their exposure to media populism, which varies on different daily news portals students most frequently use. It should be noted that the obtained correlations do not indicate a causal relationship between exposure to left-wing or right-wing media populism and the tendency to accept left-wing or right-wing populism. The tendencies to accept populism may develop due to exposure to media that contain and/or transmit populist rhetoric, but it is also possible that people who are inclined to accept populism choose the media that support their attitudes and opinions. The results are discussed in the context of the theory of media effects, the possible social consequences of populism, and the relationship between media and populism
Migration flows, socio-political circumstances in the Bosnian eyalet (1683-1718)
Full text linkBosanski ejalet, kao krajiška upravna jedinica Osmanske države, u razdoblju između 1683. i 1718. godine doživljava krupne i dugoročno značajne društveno-političke promjene uslijed kojih dolazi i do velikih migracija preko njegovog prostora. Nakon upoznavanja s karakterom i obujmom Bosanskog ejaleta te njegovom vojnom organizacijom u zadanom periodu, disertacija donosi kronološki prikaz stanja u tom dijelu Osmanske države, ratne sukobe i prilike u tih tri i pol desetljeća, sve na osnovi prvorazrednih izvora i relevantne literature. Interdisciplinarnim i interkulturnim pristupom, te komparativnom historijsko-demografskom i kulturnopovijesnom metodologijom pokušava se rasvijetliti specifična kulturna i gospodarska evolucija populacije kroz migracijske tokove u naglašenom društveno-političkom kontekstu. Uslijed nepovratnih teritorijalnih gubitaka Osmanska država prvi put u svojoj povijesti zauzima konačan obrambeni položaj. Konstelacija odnosa i raspored aktivnosti među članicama Svete Lige je bio takav da su Austrija, Mletačka Republika, Poljska i Rusija uglavnom poduzimale vojne aktivnosti, Nizozemska i Engleska preuzimale ulogu posrednika, dok je Francuska nastojala sačuvati otklon prema Osmanlijama. Doktorska radnja prati njihovo pojedinačno sudjelovanje u zbivanjima na prijelazu iz 17. u 18. stoljeće u onoj mjeri koliko se to odražavalo na Bosanski ejalet. Ugovor o miru u Srijemskim Karlovcima 1699. godine ubrzao je nazadovanje Osmanske države koja ostaje bez Ugarske (osim Banata), gubi Slavoniju i Hrvatsku do Une i južno od Velebita, kao i sve gradove i oblasti koje su u prethodnom ratu osvojili Mlečani. Potpisivanjem Ugovora i razgraničavanjem koje je uslijedilo tijekom naredne tri godine Osmanska država je prihvatila poštovanje načela međunarodnog prava kod političkih granica i nepovredivosti teritorija susjednih država. Bosanski ejalet će nakon toga ostati u istom teritorijalnom opsegu do rata između Osmanske države i Venecije 1714. godine. Iako u početku neutralna, u rat se 1716. godine uključuje i Austrijska Monarhija. Požarevačkim mirom 1718. godine Osmanska država ostaje ne samo bez Banata, Srijema i Smederevskog sandžaka, nego i većih dijelova Bosanskog ejaleta. Disertacija kronološki prati valove migracija koje su obuhvatile stotine tisuća stanovnika bivših i preostalih dijelova Osmanske države na Balkanu, a posebno Bosanskog ejaleta. I pored raznorodnih podataka iz osmanskih opširnih katastarskih popisa, džizje, šikajet i muhimme deftera, crkvenih matičnih knjiga, vizitatorskih izvještaja, nikad se neće znati konačna brojka stanovništva koje pred oružjem bježi u strahu za vlastiti život. Zaključci do kojih se dolazi u radnji su vezani i za nastanak novih gradova, stagnaciju varoši tijekom 17. stoljeća uslijed migracija nemuslimanskog stanovništva izvan Ejaleta, dok je početak 18. stoljeća obilježen pojedinačnim i grupnim povratcima. I pored izvora, istraživanje porijekla migranata zna biti otežano uslijed njihova različitog imenovanja od domaćeg stanovništva, kao i prisutna praksa višestrukih migracija istih migrantskih grupa. Kroz migracije, asimilacijske i integracijske procese, vjerske i manjinske zajednice su mijenjale, gubile ili čuvale jezik, običaje, način života, odijevanja i sl., u većoj ili manjoj mjeri. Analizom dijela uvjeta migrantskih zajednica u spomenutom razdoblju, ovisno o društveno-političkim zbivanjima, s paralelnim rješavanjem individualizirane forme društvenih, ekonomskih, političkih, kulturnih čimbenika, opstojnosti vjerskih i manjinskih zajednica na prostoru samog Bosanskog ejaleta, disertacija pokušava olakšati poimanje slojevitosti njegove povijesno-demografske problematike.Locked between the Adriatic and Pannonian basin, given the character of crossroads imposed by its geopolitical position, the Bosnian region was even till the Ottoman period of administration constantly marked by migration processes. The harder part of those migratory experiences is that they cause manifest consequences, as they have been largely an accompanying element of various interests and serious war events in, and around Bosnian region. The Bosnian eyalet as a serhat, as the most remote Krajina administrative unit of the Ottoman state, experienced its establishment and full territorial flourishment a century before the Ottoman defeat at the foot of Vienna in 1683 and the vivid war events and the consequent migrations during the next three decades. The approach for researching that period is not and cannot be the same as when researching peacetime activities, migration flows, and the organization of everyday life within the Eyalet. Therefore, chronologically through the framework of socio-political conditions in which the Ottoman state was found, and with it the Bosnian eyalet, through social structure, long-lasting migratory movements of different intensity, this paper intends to present the reality of the transition between two centuries in which the Ottoman state, due to irrecoverable territorial losses for the first time in its history, takes the ultimate defensive position. All of the above was causally and consequentially conditioned by the network of political relations between individual European countries, the relationship between the latter and the Ottoman state, and the inner relations that reflected on the situation in the Bosnian eyalet as the most remote point to the West. Encouraged by the defeat of Ottomans in the war they themselves incited, the members of the Holy League have offensively and multilaterally forced the Ottoman forces to retreat and lose territory over the coming years. The climate in Europe that was once understood as the defense of Christianity before the spread of Islam which was personified in the Ottoman state, during the Great War turned into territorial gains, individual economic interests, political goals and the better status of power. While Austria, the Venetian Republic, Poland and then Russia undertook military activities, the interest of France was to hold a somewhat neutral position toward the Ottomans. The Netherlands and England have assumed the role of intermediaries, mainly in an effort to preserve the unhindered course of trade. This paper follows their individual participation in the events at the turn of the 17th into the 18th century to that extent which it reflected on the Bosnian eyalet. The forthcoming peace negotiations accelerated the decline of the Ottoman state, which even in the regions with a preserved formal administration did not really have under its control the local authorities and the fulfillment of their obligations. The replacement of the vizier, measures aimed at economic recovery, the murder of the great vizier, the revolt of janissaries and sipahis in Istanbul, the replacement of the Sultan, the moves in the trading business, were largely in the focus of interest of all countries that were surrounding the Ottoman state and whose fields of activity were intertwined. At the territorial level, it suited Dubrovnik to preserve the Ottoman hinterland due to its separateness from Venetian territories, while Austria in the 18th century entered War for the sake of Spanish heritage, with the support of England, Netherlands, Prussia and most of the German princes. In the newly-conquered regions of the seized Ottoman territory, the Habsburgs form four captaincies, Kostajnic, Glinsko, Zrinsko and Jasenovac where the non-Muslim population from Bosnia would settle. With the establishment of peace, the Ottoman state seeks to strengthen the central government too, attentively following the situation in the territories it lost. Incited largely by Austria and England, the Ottoman-Russian war takes place and ends quickly, but by 1712 the same sides were involved in a new conflict already. Following the Ottoman-Venetian war of 1714, the period in which the Bosnian eyalet actively participated in all socio-political circumstances in which the Ottoman state was found, was concluded. One of the key phenomena that included hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of the former and remaining parts of the Ottoman state in the Balkans, and especially of the Bosnian eyalet, were migrations to the Bosnian eyalet and from the latter to the outside. Despite outstanding information obtained from the first-class sources, visit reports, church registry books, ottoman extensive cadastral registers, jizya, shikayet, and muhimme defters, the final number of people fleeing at weapon-point fearing for their own lives will never be known. The last thing on these peoples’ minds, who were coming to a new place, was to be registered somewhere, because they hoped they would return. And such people, due to often-present repudiation from locals in the new place of residence, tried to resemble the same population as soon as possible. The newly-arrived population settled in the deserted villages left so after the departure of non-Muslims from Eyalet and engaged in the actual repair of fortresses and similar. Unlike the expansion period, when the Ottoman authorities did not establish new settlements, but gradually converted the existing market grounds, urban settlements into oriental-Islamic type, in the period of withdrawal and the mass influx of immigrants into the territory of the Bosnian eyalet, new cities were formed. This often occurred at the walls of devastated and abandoned fortresses near the new frontiers. The fact that the years at the turn of the 17th into the 18th century are different in this respect, can also be seen by the fact that there were only a few individual construction projects recorded in this period, mainly those which were needed most in new circumstances, such as the bridge in Konjic. There were no more big waqfs who would completely transform the city center. Due to newly-arrived population some villages developed into towns. While during the 17th century there was a stagnation of boroughs due to the migration of non-muslim population outside Eyalet, the beginning of the 18th century is marked by individual and group returns, although much more significant changes in the number of nonMuslims were recorded from the thirties of that century. All the attention of the Ottoman center was focused on strengthening the defense of the protruding fortresses and stabilizing circumstances in which regular tax collection could boost the budget. In the villages around the fortresses that have remained more protected on the inside, jizya collection was possible, but with longer interruptions, following war events, such as the time of Eugene of Savoy’s intrusion or the events in Herzegovina ten years later, and occasional epidemics. According to certain sources, the novelty that political circumstances also brought to the construction field was a significantly increased number of private stone towers noticed for the first time as militaryresidential buildings at the border sections of the Bosnian eyalet. Yet, this was not recorded in defteries until the mid-17th century. The Ottoman legal system was based on foundations which did not allow violent Islamization, and the embrace of Islam could be traced in the preceding centuries by reading non-Muslim origin from the information on "new Muslims" (muslim-i new) from the data regarding a non-Muslim father's name or with less certainty from the Muslim father's name Abdullah. The number of registered baptized population according to Venetian, Dubrovnik and Austrian sources was minor compared to the statements of priests on how many people they had baptized. The local population’s practice of naming the immigrants by the region they come from presents a difficulty in reviewing the migrants’ origin. The family narrative often notes more details on how these same migrants went through multiple migrant experiences, and that they got their surnames only by the latter. An example may be the surname Niksic, which can refer to a man from the Niksic tribe, or people who, as the first migrants from Risna or Novi came to the deserted Onogošte and practically built Niksic, or people who did not even stop by Niksic, but through that same path their fate and circumstances brought them to Central Bosnia, so the locals remember them by the direction they arrived from. A similar situation happened to people who went to Hungarian territories, in the deserted villages following the departure of Muslim population. Some came from Bosnia with their surnames, but in the host country they got their surname Bošnjak from the region they came from. Since its foundation, the Ottoman state had had and developed the settlement policy, settling in all of its provinces, which had also been strategically implemented in Bosnia since the first conquests. Causing displacement in the territories they were conquering, the Ottomans strategically settled the population in certain areas, among which the most noticeable in the territory of the Bosnian eyalet was the Vlach element. The settlement of the nomadic population on abandoned and deserted rural areas, meadows and planting land was common. At the end of the 17th century, in parts of central Bosnia, we recognize them as the Orthodox agrarian people who pay jizya, predominantly a low amount, and often share the same territory with the Catholic people. While in such places their religion can be justifiably assumed only by the prince stated on top of the list, as the chief of the livestock of a particular group with the often-present distinct daily Orthodox or Catholic nomenclature, in the border areas the defters still distinguished the group of Vlach people (the example of defter with the villages Bekijje Krka, Klisa and Hercegovina from 1701.) Migrations were not a specific feature of the Bosnian eyalet at that time. Of course, the contextualization of migration courses and consequences in the whole territory of Balkans, and also Europe, must be taken into consideration, both because of the population from Central Bosnia leaving for the Hungarian territories, and also because of the numerous hired Arnaut soldiers from the Dukagjin or Avlonya who were ordered to come to Bosnian territory. Numerous copts coming from other Ottoman provinces would remain there and become a part of all those migrant identities that would mix in the territory of the Bosnian eyalet and become part of the colorful ethnic image of Bosnia in the phase of pre-national relations and in future socio-political systems. An interdisciplinary study of migration processes in the Ottoman period has so far not been undertaken. One type of such research can be recognized in the discourse on the traces of future ethnic denomination. Migrants’ emotions and their relationship with the place they came from belong to the field of social psychology, regardless if it is an arbitrary or unwanted migration. When it comes to population movements due to violence, fear or physical expulsion, then such movements imply the individual drama of each person. Each person will live it depending on what his world of upbringing, tradition or character is, but that individual identification is often collective too. In this way, migrations in part condition the creation of regional and local identities and to date remain recognizable in some namings, sometimes of a derogatory character. The extent of multiple mixture in the territory of the Bosnian eyalet can be seen from different interpretation possibilities of the origin of the mentioned namings. The most common differences in the meaning of the term Vlach in different regions of Eyalet, the resistance to etymologies they dislike for the word škutor (lat. scutarius, ger. schildträger, rum. scutar, church.slav. скотарь, ukr. скотар, alb. skuter, hung. szkotár, gr. σκουτάριος et al.) are just some of the examples that show the magnitude of stereotypes and prejudices in everyday speech today. Those who come to a new place always carry something from the native land. Some were wearing folk clothes, others brought character, while some brought seeds of favorite fruit, vegetable, grains, while some have recognized their beliefs or customs in the existing cultural and prayer places across Bosnia. The process of encountering, transferring and complementing various traditions has created a long-term spiritual and cultural physiognomy that is not possible to research without a multi-perspective approach to all cultural changes. Migrations are complex events themselves and their simplification deprives the quality of research. A series of details on and from the life of non-Muslim population testifies to the need of further review of all segments of Bosnia’s demographic mosaic; a more complete marker of the changes in structure and proportions of the population according to their religion, in particular by parallel review of the material such as visitors’ reports, church statistics, defters and court records. Through migration, assimilation and integration processes, religious and minority communities have changed, lost or preserved - to a greater or lesser extent - the language, customs, lifestyle, clothing, and similar. By analyzing the living conditions of each of these communities in the mentioned period, depending on socio-political events, with the parallel resolution of the individualized form of social, economic, political, cultural factors, and the survival of religious and minority communities in the territory of the Bosnian eyalet itself, the layerness of its historical-demographic matter will also be more comprehensible
Multikulturalnost u hrvatskim narodnim knjižnicama
Full text linkOvaj rad govori o multikulturalnosti kao ideji kulturnog pluralizma te politici održavanja različitosti i jednakosti nacionalnih kultura unutar zajednice. Multikulturalne usluge u Hrvatskoj pojavile su se 1990-ih, a do danas u Hrvatskoj žive 22 nacionalne manjine. Multikulturalnost i interkulturalnost iziskuju društvenu raspravu i razvoj multikulutalrnih knjižnica te uključuju pružanje jednake pozornosti usmjerene na različite kulturne potrebe grupa u zajednici. U vrijeme masovnih migracija i građanske mobilnosti fokus svake knjižnice postaje integracija. Multikulturalni dijalog između kultura, kulturnog nasljeđa, ljudskih prava, prava na pristup informacijama i znanju, kulturna i jezična različitost, potiče knjižnice na razvoj programa i usluga za kulturne i nacionalne manjine uz podršku i u suradnji s državnim i lokalnim institucijama.This paper is about multiculturalism as an idea of cultural pluralism but also policy of maintaining diversity and equaty to ethnic cultures in a community. Multicultural services in Croatia had their appirience in 1990´s and to this day Croatia is a home for 22 national minorities. Multiculturalism and interculturalism seek for social discussion and development of multicultural libraries. It includes the same attention to cultural needs of all groups in a community. In the time of mass migrations and population mobility a need for integration is in focus in every library. Multicultural dialogue between cultures, cultural heritage, human rights, the right of access to information and knowledge, cultural and linguistic diversity, encourages libraries to develope programs and services to cultural and ethnic minorities with a support and in a collaboration with state and local institution
Komunikacijski deficit Europske unije: analiza stavova i praksi studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Sveučilišta u Ljubljani
Full text linkU ovom radu istražuju se prakse mladih, tj. redovitih studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Sveučilišta u Ljubljani, prilikom informiranja o europskim pitanjima te njihovim stavovima o demokratskom, tj. komunikacijskom deficitu Unije. Točnije, analizirani su stavovi ispitanika s obzirom na izvještavanje europskih pitanja u medijima, načinu komunikacije Unije s njenim građanima te ima li on utjecaj na percepciju Unije kao demokratski deficitne institucije. Online anketom ispitano je 202 ispitanika (100 redovitih studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu te 102 redovita studenta Sveučilišta u Ljubljani). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako se većina mladih smatra nedovoljno informiranima o europskim pitanjima. Prilikom informiranja o aktualnim europskim zbivanjima ponajviše koriste online izvore, točnije društvene mreže i službene web stranice institucija EU-a. Analizom stavova pokazano je kako većina nema izraženo mišljenje o načinu izvještavanja europskih pitanja u medijima kao i načinu komunikacije Unije s građanima. No, skoro većina njih slaže se kako bi kvalitetnija komunikacija Unije s građanima umanjila privid demokratskog deficita Unije u javnosti.This paper examines informing habits of youth, that is regular students of University of Zagreb and University of Ljubljana, on issues of the European Union. Namely, it examines how they inform themselves on the EU issues as well as how informed do they consider themselves to be. Furthermore, this research examines attitudes of youth towards reporting EU issues in the media as well as ways of communication between EU and its citizens. Used data was gathered through an online questionnaire. In total, 202 students participated in this research (100 students from University of Zagreb and 102 students from University of Ljubljana). Data analysis shows that students mostly feel ill-informed on the EU issues. They mostly use online sources of information when
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informing on mentioned issues, that is social networks and official websites of the EU institutions. Most of the respondents do not have an opinion on how are the EU issues reported in the media and how well does the EU communicate with its citizens. On the other hand, almost half of the respondents feel that better communication between EU and its citizens would reduce the appearance of EU's democratic deficit
The relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction, work performance and organizational citizenship behaviour in a tech start-up
Full text linkZadovoljstvo poslom, radna uspješnost i odgovorno organizacijsko ponašanje su iznimno bitni koncepti u organizacijskoj psihologiji te su provedena mnoga istraživanja o njihovoj povezanosti s osobinama ličnosti. Cilj našeg istraživanja je bio saznati postoje li razlike u ovoj povezanosti izmeđuprijašnjih istraživanja i našeg istraživanja na uzorku tehnološkog start-upa.U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 174 osoba od kojih je 72,9% bilo muškog spola te je prosječna dob bilaM=32.66 (SD=6.89). Ukupno su korištena 4 upitnika: IPIP 50, Indeks zadovoljstva poslom, Upitnik uspješnosti u radnim zadacima i Upitnik odgovornog organizacijskog ponašanja. Rezultati su pokazali da su savjesnost, emocionalna stabilnost i intelekt statistički značajno pozitivno povezani sa zadovoljstvom poslom. Također se pokazalo da su sve osobine ličnosti značajno pozitivno povezane s radnom uspješnosti, dok su s odgovornim organizacijskim ponašanjem značajno povezane ugodnost, ekstraverzija i intelekt.Job satisfaction, work performance and organizational citizenship behavior are very important concepts in the organizational psychology and a lot of research has been conducted about their relationship with personality traits. The aim of this research was to find out whether there are any differences in thesecorrelations between our sample of tech start-up compared to previous research. The sample consisted of 174 adults out of which 72,9% were male and the average age was M=32.66 (SD=6.89). We used 4 questionnaires: IPIP 50, Index of Job Satisfaction, Task Preformance Questionnaire and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Checklist. Results showed that conscientiousness, emotional stability and intelect are significantly positively correlated with job satisfaction. Furthermore, all personality traits are positively correlated with work performance, while extraversion, agreeableness and intelect are significantly correlated with organizational citizenship behavior
Social support as determinant of students’ career optimism
Full text linkCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost percipirane podrške obitelji i nastavnika s karijernim optimizmom studenata te utvrditi je li samoefikasnost u odlučivanju o karijeri medijator navedenih odnosa. Istraživanje je provedeno na 227 studenata i studentica Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je informacijska podrška obitelji pozitivno povezana s karijernim optimizmom, dok su očekivanja članova obitelji u negativnoj korelaciji s karijernim optimizmom. Financijska podrška obitelji nije povezana s karijernim optimizmom. Sve dimenzije podrške nastavnika (uključenost nastavnika, emocionalna podrška nastavnika, očekivanja i dostupnost nastavnika) pozitivno su povezane s karijernim optimizmom studenata. Samoefikasnost u odlučivanju o karijeri u potpunosti posreduje odnos informacijske podrške obitelji, uključenosti očekivanja i dostupnosti nastavnika s karijernim optimizmom, dok djelomično posreduje odnos između emocionalne podrške nastavnika i karijernog optimizma.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived family and teacher support with students' career optimism and to determine whether career decision-making self-efficacy is the mediator of before-mentioned relationships. The study was conducted on 227 students of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb. The results show a positive relationship between informational family support and career optimism, while family expectations are in negative relationship with career optimism. Financial family support did not show significant correlation with career optimism. All four dimensions of teacher support (teacher investment, emotional teacher support, teacher expectations and teacher availability) are positively correlated with career optimism. Career decision-making self-efficacy completely mediates the relationship between informational family support, teacher investment, teacher expectations and teacher availability with career optimism, and partially mediates the relationship between emotional teacher support and career optimism
Ceramics in Archaeology - Pottery of the Vučedol Culture in the Vinkovci Region
Full text linkKnjiga je podijeljena na dva dijela, prvi dio knjige proizlazi iz radnog mjesta autorice na Katedri za arheometriju i metodologiju Odsjeka za arheologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, u kojem se uhvatila u koštac s onim dijelom arheologije koji nije baš popularan kod arheologa, a to je prebrojavanje, klasificiranje i tipiziranje desetaka tisuća keramičkih ulomaka. Ali kako sama autorica kaže slažeći podatke poput slagalice čini nam se kao da sami sudjelujemo u stvaranju keramičkih posuda i ulazimo u živote ljudi koji su ih napravili. Keramika je jedan od najčešćih materijala koji arheolozi obrađuju i analiziraju, pružajući nebrojene i važne informacije o kulturnim, socijalnim, ekonomskim, religioznim i tehnološkim postignućima određene zajednice i razdoblja u kojem su pojedine posude nastale. Ovaj dio knjige koji se bavi analitičkim tehnikama i teorijskim okvirima o keramičkoj tehnologiji, kao i parametrima za obradu keramičkog materijala, vrlo je koristan i važan svakom arheologu koji se bavi keramičkim nalazima kao vodećem izvoru arheoloških podataka.
Drugi dio knjige zanimljiv je i ostalim čitateljima, ne samo stručnjacima. Iako je arheologija danas interdisciplinarna znanost, što se iščitava i iz knjige Ine Miloglav, bez arheobotanike ne možemo zamisliti rekonstrukciju krajolika ili prehrambene navike stanovništva, dok se arheozoologija bavi proučavanjem životinjskih ostataka na arheološkim lokalitetima. Tako npr. saznajemo da je dominantna gospodarska grana Vučedolaca na Ervenici oko 2880.-2480. g. pr. Kr. bilo stočarstvo te da su najviše uzgajali goveda. Mnoge od analiza koje su napravljene na ulomcima vučedolskih posuda pružaju nam „nezamislive“ podatke o keramičkom posuđu. Arheološki biomarkeri na jednoj šalici s Ervenice pokazali su ostatke mliječnih masti te ju možemo interpretirati kao šalicu za mlijeko, dok se na osnovi ostataka masti s keramičkog cjedila s Damića gradine zaključuje kako su Vučedolci proizvodili sir. Osim toga, petrografske analize keramičkih ulomaka na vinkovačkom području pokazale su da mineralni sastav keramike odgovara mineralnom sastavu prapora na kojem se nalaze Ervenica i Damića gradina, što je dokaz da se posuđe izrađivalo od lokalnih sirovina. Napravljen je i test standardizacije na keramičkom materijalu čiji rezultati ukazuju na standardiziranu proizvodnju keramičkih posuda, posebno određenog tipa zdjela. Na osnovi rezultata autorica zaključuje da je u obrađenim vučedolskim naseljima postojala organizirana keramička proizvodnja sa specijaliziranim lončarima. (Iz Predgovora Maje Krznarić Škrivanko
The polished stone artefacts in the life of the Starčevo and Sopot culture population of eastern Croatia
Full text linkOvim radom obrađene su kamene glačane izrađevine neolitičkih lokaliteta Selci
Đakovački-Kaznica-Rutak, Belišće-Staro Valpovo, Kneževi Vinogradi-Osnovna škola,
Osijek-Filipovica (Hermanov vinograd) i Stari Perkovci-Debela šuma. Materijal potječe s
lokaliteta koji pripadaju starčevačkoj i sopotskoj kulturi, a radi se o nalazištima istraživanim u
različitom opsegu i različitim metodološkim pristupima. U analizi kamenih glačanih
izrađevina promatran je cjelokupan lanac operacija, odnosno različite faze tehnološkog
procesa, od odabira i prikupljanja sirovine, obrade, uporabe, odbacivanja i ponovne uporabe.
Kamene glačane izrađevine pojavljuju se na ovome području s nosiocima starčevačke kulture
i već od samog početka pokazuju razvijene oblike. Njihov broj nije velik, i teško da se može
govoriti o razvijenoj industriji kamenih glačanih izrađevina, većinom se radi o proizvodnji
pojedinačnih izrađevina kojima se zadovoljava osnovna potreba unutar naselja. Od samog
početka trajanja starčevačke kulture prisutni su tesle, sjekire, batovi i pijuci, a u ukupnom
broju nalaza tesle dominiraju. Ukrasni predmeti prisutni su u znatno manjoj mjeri.
Sa sopotskom kulturom povećava se ukupan broj kamenih nalaza kao i tipova. Izrađevine
se višestruko popravljaju i ponekad je vrlo teško pratiti čitav niz obrada i uporaba pojedinih
primjeraka. Ovaj reduktivni proces doveo je i do vrlo malih dimenzija pojedinih primjeraka.
Od tipoloških kategorija i na sopotskim dijelovima nalazišta dominiraju tesle, a slijede ih
sjekire i dlijeta. Perforirane alatke pokazuju vrlo široku uporabnu vrijednost, a gotovo niti
jedna nije sačuvana u cijelosti i većinom su napuknute na mjestu perforacije. Od ukrasnih
predmeta zabilježena je tesla manjih dimenzija izrađenoa od nefrita s nalazišta Stari PerkovciDebela šuma.
Proučavanjem tragova uporabe pokušalo se dati odgovor na pitanje o aktivnostima koje su
se provodile kamenim glačanim izrađevinama, a koje su zasigurno bile važan faktor u
svakodnevnom životu zajednice. Osim uobičajenih tragova obrade mekih sirovina, kao što je
drvo, prisutni su i tragovi glačanja (npr. crnog pigmenta) te tragovi udaranja, posebice kod
batova i alatki koje su u sekundarnoj uporabi korištene kao batovi. Na temelju tragova
uporabe, utvrđeno je kako su glačane kamene izrađevine korištene za čitav niz radnji.
Korištene su kao sjekire, tesle (bradve), dlijeta, klinovi, motike, čekići, retušeri, glačalice,
rastirači, nakovanji. Na temelju tragova na proksimalnom dijelu utvrđeno je kako su bile
usađivane u držak. Utvrđeno je i kako oblik izrađevine nije određivao i njihovu funkciju. Ipak, na neolitičkim lokalitetima najveći je broj kamenih glačanih izrađevina sa sječivom
rabljen u obradi drveta.
Na izrađevinama su obavljene petrografske i mineraloške analize s ciljem da se na
makroskopskoj osnovi utvrdi sirovinska pripadnost te ponude mogući izvori i porijeklo
primarnih i sekundarnih sirovinskih nalazišta, a time i mogući pravci kretanja među
zajednicama. Zbog blizine obrađenih lokaliteta, ali i utvrđenih sirovina, potpuno je opravdano
zaključiti kako sirovine za njihovu izradu potječu iz okolnih brdovitih područja, posebice
kruga Slavonskih planina, kao i dostupnih riječnih korita. Rad je upotpunjen prilozima koji sadrže table nacrtanog materijala, fotografije materijala,
fotografije snimljenih tragova uporabe i karte nalazišta.This dissertation examines polished stone artifacts from the neolithic sites of Selci
Đakovački-Kaznica-Rutak, Belišće-Staro Valpovo, Kneževi Vinogradi-Primary School,
Osijek-Filipovica (Herman's Vineyard) and Stari Perkovci-Debela šuma. The material
originates from the sites belonging to the Starčevo and Sopot culture, while the sites
themselves were explored to different extents and with varying methodology, which
influenced the final result, as well as the quality of the data. In the analysis of polished stone
artifacts, the entire chain of operations, i.e., different phases of the technological process,
from the selection and collection of raw materials, processing, use, waste and reuse with
various finishing techniques were observed. For the area in question, polished stone artifacts
appear in advanced shapes from the very beginning with the bearers of Starčevo culture. Their
number is not large and we can hardly talk about a developed manufacture, since they were
made individually to meet the basic needs of the settlement (Antonović 2014a). From the very
beginning of Starčevo culture there are adzes, axes, batons and pickaxes, and adzes dominate
among the total number of finds. Among the ornamental finds, only the fragment of a green
hoop from the Kaznica Rutak site is known and a chisel made of green slate from the Kneževi
Vinogradi site.
With the Sopot culture, the total number of stone finds and types increases. Artifacts were
repaired multiple times and sometimes it is very difficult to follow a whole set of processing
and use of individual items. This reductive process has led to very small dimensions of
individual specimens. By studying traces of use, an attempt was made determine what the
objects were used for, certainly an important factor in the community's survival. In addition to
the usual traces of soft raw materials such as wood, there are also traces of polishing (e.g.
black pigment) and hitting traces, especially with batons and tools used as bats in secondary
use.
In terms of typology, adzes are prevalent on the Sopot sites as well. One difference is that
on the Osijek-Filipovica site, there is a significant share of perforated tools, which are rare
among the finds form Debela šuma and Kazina-Rutak sites in all the research campaigns.
Perforated tools show a wide variety of use. Virtually none of them have been completely
preserved and they are often cracked around the perforation. Among the decorative objects,
there is a smaller adze made of nephrite from the Stari Perkovci-Debela šuma site.
Based on traces of use, it was found that polished stone artifacts were used for a whole
range of actions. They were used as axes, adzes, chisels, wedges, mots, hammers, retouchers,
smoothing tools, handstones, anvils. Based on traces on the proximal part, it was found that
they were mounted onto a handle. It was also established that the design did not determine
their function. Nevertheless, on the neolithic sites, the largest number of polished stone
artifacts was used for cutting wood. Petrographic and mineral analyses were carried out in
order to determine the raw material on a macroscopic basis and to provide the sources and
origin of primary and secondary raw materials which could indicate their movement among
the communities. Because of the proximity of the observed sites, but also of the established
raw materials, it is entirely justified to believe that raw materials used in the production of
polished stone artifacts originated from the surrounding hills, especially the Slavonian
Mountains
Pisanje rukom kao kognitivni proces
Full text linkTeza 'medij je poruka' kanadskog filozofa i mislioca Marshall McLuhana je jedna od centralnih teorijskih polazišta u mom diplomskom radu. McLuhan razvio je teorijske koncepte 'vrućih' i 'hladnih' medija na koje ću se okvirno osvrnuti te pokušati upotrijebiti za dekonstrukciju značenja dvaju medija, 'pametnih telefona' i, po meni, u današnje vrijeme sve više zapostavljene tehnike bilježenja informacija vlastitim rukopisom.
Također, kroz prizmu kognitivne antropologije dodatno ću naglasiti sam fenomen čovjekove pismenosti kao nužnog preduvjeta za razvoj sposobnosti logičkog, kritičkog promišljanja te racija u širem smislu. Pisani jezik kao dekontekstualizirani oblik samog jezika ističem kao bitan faktor za tu tezu. Navest ću i neka osnovna težišta i polazišta kognitivne antropologije kao znanosti
L'expérimentation animale: travail terminologique
Full text linkLe présent mémoire de master traite de la terminologie du domaine de l’expérimentation animale. Il est divisé en deux parties. La première partie est concentrée sur l’aspect théorique de la terminologie. Dans ce cadre, les caractéristiques principales de la terminologie et des
disciplines connexes comme la terminographie et la terminotique sont présentées. De plus, la méthodologie du travail et les étapes de la rédaction du mémoire sont expliquées. La deuxième partie de ce travail, la partie pratique, englobe la traduction, le glossaire, les fiches
terminologiques et l’arborescence. À la fin du mémoire, les difficultés terminologiques rencontrées lors de la rédaction du mémoire sont présentées et une brève synthèse de notre travail est proposée.Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se terminologijom s područja testiranja na životinjama. Podijeljen je na dva dijela. Prvi dio posvećen je teorijskom aspektu terminologije. U tom okviru prikazane su glavne značajke terminologije i srodnih disciplina kao što su terminografija i terminotika.
Opisana je i metodologija rada te koraci u stvaranju našeg rada. Drugi, praktični, dio diplomskog rada uključuje prijevod, glosar, terminološke kartice i terminološko stablo. Na kraju su opisane terminološke poteškoće s kojima smo se susreli te je ponuđena sinteza
cjelokupnog rada