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Health Policy in Prisons
Get PDFThe subject of the prison policy is mostly male population (there are, 5-7% of woman among prison inmates). Most of them are living under the harsh physical, psychical and social conditions. In addition, many prison inmates came to serve their sentence with developed risky life styles. That is why prisons are breeding an array of health problems. Typical are mental health problems, drug addiction and infectious diseases among which dominant role have tuberculosis, AIDS and hepatitis. The prison health care is rather neglected area. Recently, there were efforts to change this situation. The most prominent changes were characterized by measures of primary prevention, screening and systematic check-ups. That orientation has brought some improvements. However, introducing of the concept of the social determinants of health brought into the domain of the prison health care additional demands. From the point of view of these demands, the health policy in prisons should be based on two principles: the holistic principle, and the principle of human rights. The two blind alleys should be avoided: biomedical approach because of its superficiality and the risk factors approach because of its partiality. The four priorities should be followed: the professional one, the contextual one, the developmental one, and the economical one. The engagement should focus on the primordial prevention, domain of meanings, psycho- social development and sustainability. This is the health directed approach and not the medical one, and it can be allied with the similar engagement of other professionals working along the similar directions
Health Promotion in Prevention of Drug Abuse: Guideliness for Primary Prevention of Drug Abuse, Attitude and Behaviour of Youngsters – Case Study Macedonia
Get PDFMany countries in the world are facing the problem of drug use. The problem affects not just the user, but also his family and wider society. Different factors make youngsters particularly vulnerable towards drugs. Republic of Macedonia is facing significant increase in number of drug users during the last 15 years. Basic results of ESPAD survey are presented for Macedonia and other European countries. Few health education models for drug use prevention and the impact of those programs are discussed (SMART; DARE; Mia’s Diary; Just say no; WHO). Principles, based on the lessons learned from the previous experiences in different health education programs are presented
Quality Improvement in Health Care and Health Promotion: Health Grants
Get PDFThe public offer of health grants is a possibility to get an overview of project activities within a certain region. Innovative, economic and qualitative highly valuated approaches can be made familiar to the general public by this procedure. If applicable, such problem-solving approaches can be taken over by other projects in a modified form. In so far the identified projects can serve for quality improvement in various fields of health care and health promotion
Health Organisation Purpose and strategic Intent: Creating Vision and Mission
Get PDFRaised awareness of macro-environment change pointed out the necessity for strategic planning and management of a modern health organization. The apparent management concern is how to maintain a pace with dynamic environment and innovations and to preserve proactive position. Economic transition in health systems of south east Europe countries acts as driver for strategic respond to imposed changes. Health organizations do vary by their corporate values and level of their autonomy. Like entities they have to define their purposes, missions, visions, functional capabilities and unique personalities. Also, as an open system; they must relate effectively to its external and internal environment
Health Promotion in Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases
Get PDFA number of internationally recognized studies directed to prevention of the leading non-communicable diseases (NCD) showed evidence of enormous importance of precise defined priorities (population groups and diseases), community based measures of prevention and health intervention organizational and network promotive activities including media involvement and support. Promotion of healthy lifestyles and elimination of the common risk factors for NCD should be considered as high priority in the broad scope of measures of health care. Integrated programs for preventive health care of chronic noncommunicable diseases directed to life style changes, scientific work with monitoring and evaluation, creating supportive environments, multi-sectoral approach in solving health problems and inter-sectoral cooperation within the community with active involvement and participation of the population and developing personal skills are summarizing all principles of organization, integration and overall activities of health care services within the contemporary health care systems
Screenings
Get PDFThere have been various definitions of screening over the years, but simply what we are talking about in screening is seeking to identify a disease or pre-disease condition in apparently healthy individuals. This concept is now widely accepted in most of the developed word. Used wisely, it can be a powerful tool in the prevention of a disease. Screening has important ethical differences from clinical practice as the health service is targeting apparently healthy people, offering to help individuals to make better informed choices about their health. The module is presenting basic theoretical background necessary for understanding the usefulness of screenings, the screening process, and potential risks, as well as it provides a case study of breastt cancer screening
An Alternative View of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Eldercare
Get PDFEldercare is a specific component of the health care life cycle. As our societies age, there is a growing recognition of the value and importance of providing quality care for our older adults. Traditional approaches to health promotion and disease prevention focus on lifestyle change, screening tests, and immunizations. This paper highlights the interconnectivity of three areas: the individual, the community, and society, to facilitate effective health promotion and disease prevention in eldercare. While health promotion and disease prevention is a public health construct, interacting areas of the lives of older adults influence the success or failure of these programs. Each area can promote quality health care or become a barrier to effective disease prevention strategies
Health Promoting Schools
Get PDFThe school, in conjunction with the family, is one of the key setting where individual and social development occurred. The health promoting school is based on a social model of health. This emphasizes the entire organization of the school, as well as focusing upon the individual. Paper describes the development of health promoting schools movement (from practice to policy), main principles and concepts, differences between school health promotion and health promoting schools. Special emphases is given to the criteria and set of guidelines towards which schools aspiring to the status of health promoting school were required to work
Human health, Course of Disease and Health Promotion
Get PDFHealth is one of most important elements and attributes in a life of a human being, a prerequisite for daily activities performance and happy life in general. Basically, human health is a reflection of the quality of relationship of human beings one with another, since health as the positive expression of human being wellbeing is tightly connected to the quality of sharing and caring in relationships. There exist several explanatory models of health. The concept of equilibrium (dynamic equilibrium) and the concept of adaptation to the environmental requirements and changes are contained in several of them. In tight connection with the phenomenon of health, it is the phenomenon of the disease. According to concept of dynamic equilibrium, the disease is the disturbance of the equilibrium expressed. In last decades, it has gradually become clear that the biomedical model of health and disease is outdated and inadequate. Health and disease can no longer be considered distinct entities where one exists only in the absence of the other. As well, the total environment needs to be considered in this context. Models, which focus on promoting salutogenic resources and promote the self esteem and coping abilities of individuals and communities, came to the fore
Public Health Intervention Programmes and Their Evaluation
Get PDFA public health intervention is an intervention, which is applied to many, most, or all members of a community, with the aim of delivering a net benefit to the community or population as well as benefits to individuals. Every intervention programme has its cycle. One of most important phases in this cycle is the evaluation phase. One of the most important physiological risk factors for noncommunicable diseases is arterial hypertension. In Slovenia high prevalence of severe arterial hypertension was registered at the beginning of the 1990s what classified Slovenia among countries with the highest prevalence of severe arterial hypertension. Consecutively it was realized that an interventional and systematic programme to deal with the problem was strongly needed. Slovenia as a state officially joined international CINDI programme at the beginning of the 1990s, when its activities were limited to Ljubljana demonstrational area. First few years were used as an introductory period of the programme, while more systematically organized activities begun in the late 1990s. The paper presents the different types of evaluation and as an illustration of evaluation in practice the case of evaluationg of CINDI programme activities in Slovenia to reduce arterial hypertension prevalence effectiveness