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Role-playing Exercise
Get PDFThree different situations (tasks) are described. All of them are based on decision-making process given by professionals and/or local community members. Beside described three real life situations, a different levels and approaches in community participation should be presented, using students’ experiences and attitudes
Social Networks and Social Support in Health Promotion Programmes
Get PDFSocial networks and social support are general terms to describe different aspects of social relationships, including those mechanisms, which may protect the individual from the negative effects of stress. The social support is offered by the part of the social network, the people around us, that are ready to help us, and on whose help we can always count. Those enjoying strong social ties appear to be at low risk of psychosocial and physical impairment, whereas a lack of social support has been found to be associated with depression, neurosis and even mortality. The availability of the emotional and practical social support varies with the social and economic status. Poverty can lead to social exclusion and isolation. The social cohesion - presence of mutual trust and respect in the local community and wider in society - helps protect the people and their health against the cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders. An expert in public health should recognize the role of social networks and social support in health promotion process and programs and support-enhancing interventions, and should also master the knowledge and skills for implementing the integral health promotion programmes
Disease Management Programs, The Case of CVD Management in Bulgaria
Get PDFAt present almost all health care systems are concerned mainly with ensuring equity, access, high quality and efficiency of health care. A very important aspect of quality, especially in public health, is its relation to scientific knowledge about effective interventions. The concept of Disease management programmes (DMPs) has been introduced to implement evidence-based clinical practice through guidelines, care protocols etc, to improve coordination among healthcare providers and assure continuity and comprehensiveness of care. DMPs organize health care in multidisciplinary, multicomponent, proactive approach focusing on the whole course of a disease, using evidence-based standards of care. There is no single definition of a Disease management programme, because of their diversity and heterogeneity. They are characterized by three main features: a knowledge base, a delivery system with coordinated care components, and a continuous improvement process. The basic advantages and uncertainties about DMPs are discussed in the module, as well as the ways and results of their implementation. A case study is presented, discussing a proposed model for Cardiovascular disease management programme in Bulgaria
New Potentials of Telecomunication Technologies in the Healthcare Services Framework
Get PDFTelecare is a new means of providing healthcare and social support at home where telecommunication technologies are the medium for service provision. It uses a public telephone network and provides a means of getting help, notably for people who are at risk of falling, sudden illness, fits or seizures. Sensors added to a carephone are introduced monitor the user’s environment and health condition and alert a response centre when there is a threat to their health or well-being. Personal response systems operate in all western European countries and also, more recently, in Slovenia. Experiences gathered when establishing a pilot network of carephones and a response centre in the capital city of Ljubljana are presented along with a discussion of the efforts made to create a national network. A personal response system as a telecare application used primarily by vulnerable older people with response centres having the capacity to serve 30.000 potential users. Obstacles to their development are discussed
E-Health
Get PDFe-Health describes the application of information and communications technologies across the whole range of functions that affect the health sector. e-Health tools or solutions include products, systems and services that go beyond simply internet-based applications. They include tools for health authorities and professionals as well as personalised health systems for patients and citizens. It can improve access to healthcare and boost the quality and effectiveness of the services offered. Examples include health information networks, electronic health records, telemedicine services, personal wearable and portable communicable systems, health portals, and many other information and communication technology-based tools assisting prevention, diagnosis, treatment, health monitoring, and lifestyle management. When combined with organisational changes and the development of new skills, e-Health can help to deliver better care for less money within citizen-centred health delivery systems
Management Cycle: from Planning to Evaluation
Get PDFThe planning process in health care known as management cycle or cycle of organization and management is described. The cycle is divided in four main elements: planning, organization, implementation and evaluation. Each element is defined and described
Occupational Health
Get PDFHealth at work and healthy work environments are among the most valuable assets of individuals, communities and countries. Nowadays, new broader approach is promoted, recognizing the fact that occupational health is a key, but not a unique element of workers’ health. Workers health is a public health approach to resolving the health problems of working populations including all determinants of health recognized as targets of risk management. It focuses on primary prevention of occupational and work-related diseases and injuries, protection and promotion of the health of workers. The major component of occupational safety and health system or infrastructure is occupational health service. The Basic Occupational Health Services (BOHS) are an essential service for protection of people's health at work, for promotion of health, well-being and work ability, as well as for prevention of ill-health and accident. BOHS should provide the services available to all workers, addressing to local needs and adapted to local conditions and existing resources. The development of occupational health system and policy requires strengthen governmental stewardship and ensure continuous political commitment to occupational health. OH policy should provide the development of legislation and standards in the field as well as effective mechanisms for financing of occupational health services. The expected results should be ensuring access to basic occupational health services for all workers with establishing essential requirements for service provision and providing the quality assurance systems for occupational health services
Anforderungen an die individuelle Sprach- und Kommunikationskompetenz in einem Europa der Mehrsprachigkeit
Get PDFZiel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, die sich in der heutigen Lebenspraxis stellenden Anforderungen an die individuelle Sprach- und Kommunikationskompetenz mit Blick auf das mehrsprachige Europa der Gegenwart zu erörtern. In einem allgemeinen Problemaufriss wird zunächst eine ex negativo-Perspektive eingenommen werden, um vor diesem Hintergrund skizzieren zu können, welche Kompetenzbereiche in interkulturellen Begegnungen von besonderer Wichtigkeit sind. Die Darlegungen werden sodann auf den europäischen Kontext mit seinen Dimensionen der Mehrsprachigkeit in Institutionen und Alltag angewandt werden und in ein größeres Kompetenz-Modell einmünden
Characterization of Genetic Signal Sequences with Batch-Learning SOM
Get PDFAn unsupervised clustering algorithm Kohonen's SOM is an effective tool for clustering and visualizing high-dimensional complex data on a single map. We previously modified the conventional SOM for genome informatics, making the learning process and resulting map independent of the order of data input on the basis of Batch Learning SOM (BL-SOM). We generated BL-SOMs for tetra- and pentanucleotide frequencies in 300,000 10-kb sequences from 13 eukaryotes for which almost complete genomic sequences are available. BL-SOM recognized species-specific characteristics of oligonucleotide frequencies in most 10-kb sequences, permitting species-specific classification of sequences without any information regarding the species. We next constructed BL-SOMs with tetra- and pentanucleotide frequencies in 37,086 full-length mouse cDNA sequences. With BL-SOM we also analyzed occurrence patterns of the oligonucleotides that are thought to be involved in transcriptional regulation on the human genome